Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris)

Miller, Douglass R. & Stocks, Ian C., 2022, New genera and species of felt scales (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Eriococcidae), with descriptions of new species and immature instars of described species, Zootaxa 5221 (1), pp. 1-213 : 67-81

Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris)

Trachycoccus hyperici Ferris 1955: 215 .

Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris) ; Williams 1961: 93 (change of combination based on homonomy of generic name; see above).

Type material: Ferris (1955) did not designate a holotype, so we here designate a lectotype from the syntype series labeled as follows: right label “ UCD 1638 / Host. Hypericum / in Quar. fr. Bloomington / Ill. / Coll. Daniels & Heuer / Date 12-14-53 / LACo #Q2653.” Left label “ Trachycoccus (= Hypericicoccus ) / hyperici / Lectotype / with map of position of lectotype and paralectotype specimens / Paralectotype / Desig. Miller & Stocks.” Deposited in UCD .

Specimens examined: UNITED STATES: Georgia: Emanuel Co.: unknown locality, I-4-1971, on Hypericum sp. , H.H. Tippins (2 ad. ♀♀ on 2 slides) CDFA, USNM. Illinois: McLean Co.: Bloomington, XII-3-1953, on Hypericum sp. , C.W. Bridges (7 ad. ♀♀ on 7 slides) CDFA; Bloomington, XII-14-1953, on Hypericum sp. , Daniels and Heuer (4 ad. ♀♀, 17 first-instar nymphs on 3 slides) CDFA, USNM (these are not syntype specimens) (data for syntype specimens used by Ferris for original description are given in type material above and are in UCD). Indiana: Tippecanoe Co.: unknown locality, X-5-1954, on Hypericum sp. , D.L. Schuder (4 ad. ♀♀, 4 second-instar ♀♀, 4 ad. ♁♁ apterous, 2 ad. ♁♁ brachypterous, 1 fourth-instar pupa apterous, 6 second-instar ♁♁, 5 first-instar nymphs on 5 slides) UCD, USNM; Lafayette, Clegg Memorial, VII-8-1974, on Hypericum sp. , D.L. Schuder (4 ad. ♀♀, 4 secondinstar ♀♀, 5 ad. ♁♁ macropterous, 3 ad. ♁♁ apterous, 2 ad. ♁♁ brachypterous, 2 fourth-instar ♁♁ pupae apterous, 3 fourth-instar ♁♁ pupae macropterous, 2 third-instar ♁♁ prepupae with wing buds, 3 third-instar ♁♁ prepupae without wing buds, 12 second-instar ♁♁, 25 first-instar nymphs on 12 slides) USNM. Tennessee: DeKalb Co.: taken in quarantine at Saticoy, California from McMinnville, V-25-1951, on Deutzia ? sp., H.E. Bronson (1 second-instar ♀, 2 second-instar ♁♁ on 1 slide) CDFA; taken in quarantine at Los Angeles, California from Smithville, IV-11- 1951, on Cistus sp. , “rock rose” (= Cistus sp. ?), L.D. McCorkindale (8 ad. ♀♀ on 4 slides) UCD; taken in quarantine at Palmdale, California from Smithville, IV-11-1951, on Cistus sp. , F. Phelan and L.D. McCorkindale (2 ad. ♀♀ on 2 slides) UCD; taken in quarantine at Vallejo, California from Smithville, IV-12-1951, on “rock rose” (= Cistus sp. ?), L.S. Garrett (3 ad. ♀♀ on 3 slides) CDFA, UCD. Texas: Ellis Co.: taken in quarantine at Oxnard, California from Waxabachie, III-?-1953, on Spiraea sp. , W. Dunning (2 ad. ♀♀ on 2 slides) CDFA, UCD.

Etymology: The generic and species epithets “ Hypericicoccus ” and “ hyperici ” are based on the Latin scientific name of the host-plant of this scale insect, Hypericum .

Field features: Occurring under bark of Hypericum ; body brightly colored.

The adult female of this species was described in detail by Ferris (1955) and Miller and Miller (1993) and information from those papers is not repeated here.

Second-instar female ( Figs 34 and 35 )

Description: Slide-mounted specimens 0.6–0.7 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm wide. Body elongate oval, without protruding anal lobes. Each lobe dorsally with 0 or 1 enlarged seta and 2 or 3 flagellate setae; each lobe ventrally with 1 medium-sized seta and 1 longer anal-lobe seta; multilocular pore sometimes present.

Dorsum with flagellate setae uncommon, in submarginal areas from head to posterior abdominal segments, and in mediolateral and submedial areas of head and thorax. Enlarged setae all of 1 size arranged in 3 pairs of longitudinal lines (medial, mediolateral and lateral), with 1–3 setae in each line; largest seta 8–10 μm long; with rounded to truncate apices and narrow setal base; segment IV with 7–9 setae (including flagellate setae). Macrotubular ducts absent. Microtubular ducts 4–6 μm long, with area farthest from dermal orifice sclerotized and divided into 2 parts, apical portion rounded or indented, about same size as remaining sclerotized portion; sclerotized area 2 times longer than unsclerotized area; dermal orifice sclerotized, with simple protruding tube. Microtubular ducts scattered over entire surface. Multilocular pores of 3 or 4 kinds: 5-locular pores, 7-locular pores, 9-locular pores, and 11-locular pores in incomplete line in mediolateral areas of abdomen and thorax. Cruciform pores variable in number, from 1– 13 scattered on thorax and abdomen. Acute dermal nodules present along body margin and submargin. Microtrichia present in medial areas of thorax and abdomen.

Anal ring apical, ventral or dorsal, circular, complete, cellular, with 3 slightly enlarged setae on each side of ring, each seta slightly shorter than greatest diameter of ring; additional seta often associated with, but not attached to, ring. Orifice of anal tube unsclerotized or weakly sclerotized; with anal flap.

Venter with flagellate setae, longest seta on segment II 7–10 μm long, on segment VII 10–16 μm long; anal-lobe seta 83–90 μm long. With 1 or 2 enlarged setae on lateral margin of each side of each body segment from head to abdominal segment VII. Macrotubular ducts absent. Microtubular ducts uncommon near body margin. Multilocular pores of 4 kinds: with 5‒11 loculi, 7-locular pores most numerous, in mediolateral areas from head to posterior abdominal segments, most abundant near spiracles. Cruciform pores absent or uncommon on thorax and abdomen. Legs with 2–4 translucent pores on dorsal surface of each hind coxa; each femur with 2 or 3 setae, without proximal setae; each tibia with variable number of setae from 1–4, without middle seta; hind tibia/tarsus 0.9, tibia and tarsus sometimes fused. Antennae each 6-segmented, 90–95 μm long. Frontal lobes and preantennal pores absent. Acute dermal nodules on submarginal and marginal areas. Microtrichia present over entire surface, often present on coxae.

Notes: The description is based on eight specimens from two localities. The second-instar female of Hy. hyperici shares several character states with the same instar of Ovaticoccus cornutus (Ferris) , Ov. telotrichus Miller and Stocks and Ov. tippinsi (Miller & Miller) in having: dorsal cruciform pores, pores in the anal ring, and multilocular pores predominantly with more than 5 loculi. Hypericicoccus hyperici differs by having the anal ring setae enlarged, a character state not found in the similar species of Ovaticoccus . There are two specimens of Hy. hyperici that differ from the above description in having: acute dermal nodules abundant over most of dorsal surface; dorsal flagellate setae rare; and dorsal and ventral multilocular pores more abundant ( Fig. 35 ).

Adult male (macropterous) ( Fig. 36 )

Description: Slide-mounted specimens each about 0.9 mm long, 0.3 mm wide. Body elongate, segment VIII produced laterally.

Dorsum with 1 pair of tail-forming pore clusters (tfpc); each cluster with 1 or 2 setae, each apically capitate, when 2, some specimens with setae approximately same size: longest setae 48–100 μm long; shortest setae 42–75 μm long, other specimens with short setae approximately 25 μm long, not apically rounded or capitate. Multilocular pores in tail-forming pore clusters, each cluster with 16–18 tightly clustered pores in cavity surrounding setae, each multilocular pore with 4, 5, or 6 loculi, 4- or 5-locular pores most common; multilocular pores also sometimes present near anterior and posterior spiracles, with 5–7 loculi. X-type pores (x) present near dorsal arm of midcranial ridge (dmcr). Flagellate setae slender, apically acute, curved, approximately same length as those on venter or slightly shorter, with 1 or 2 near margin, 1 or 2 mediolaterally, and 1 submedially on each side of most segments II to VII, with 1 pair of elongate setae in medial area of segment VIII; setae on pro-, meta- and mesothorax; head setae anterior to postoccipital ridge (por) and along dorsal arm of midcranial ridge.Abdominal sclerotization weakly indicated or absent, when present, in mediolateral and lateral areas, on median tergal plate of VIII. Metapostnotal sclerites and ridge absent. Scutellar ridge (sclr) strongly developed. Scutum (sct) sclerotized throughout, except for 2 circular areas adjacent to scutellum. Prescutum (prsc) elongate oval or rectangular. Prescutal suture (pscs) weakly developed. Pronotal ridges (prnr) strongly developed; pronotal sclerites (prn) sometimes present. Hamulohalteres absent. Wings 700–900 μm long, each with alar lobe (al), alar sclerites (alsc) and veins (wv), without setae and sensoria. Postoccipital ridge (por) weakly sclerotized, lateral ends simple. Dorsal arm of midcranial ridge (dmcr) thin, touching postoccipital ridge posteriorly; connected to lateral (lmcr) arms anteriorly. Dorsomedial sclerite (dmep) lightly sclerotized. Dorsal eye (dse) approximately 26–28 μm in diameter. Lateral ocellus (lo) present where dorsal and ventral postocular ridge (pocr) reaches margin of head. Ocular sclerite (ocs) weakly sclerotized dorsally. Microtrichia on posterior abdominal segments.

Penial sheath (ps) 90–95μm long; elongate, width 66–77 μm; width/length 0.7–0.8 style (st) in lateral view slightly curved, apically with several small papillae. Sheath with indication of longitudinal division ventrally. Dorsal surface weakly sclerotized anteriorly, with 2 or 3 setae on each side; ventral surface with small swellings laterally, each containing 2 setae. Basal rod (br) small, not reaching anterior margin of penial sheath. Anal opening near anterior edge of penial sheath.

Venter usually with flagellate setae laterally, mediolaterally, and medially, less abundant anteriorly; with or without single pair of setae near front legs, usually with single pair anterior to hind legs; head setae present near midline of head between antennal base and ventral eye (ve). Abdominal sclerotization absent or weakly developed on medial and mediolateral areas of segments II to VIII; without sclerotization elsewhere. Metathoracic precoxal ridge absent. Mesosternum (stn2) well-developed, with large furca; lateropleurites (lpl) on mesothorax triangular. Prosternum (stn1) present or absent, triangular. Mouth tubercle (mt) present. Preoral ridge (pror) weakly or strongly sclerotized, not touching postocular ridge. Ventral midcranial ridge (vmcr) absent, or weakly developed anteriorly. Cranial apophysis (ca) rounded apically. Ocular sclerite (ocs) unsclerotized except immediately surrounding ventral eye or sclerotized between eyes. Ventral eye (ve) 24–27 μm in diameter. Prothoracic legs or mesothoracic legs longest. Fleshy setae (fs) on outer distal portion of tibia, sometimes on outer proximal portion of tarsus. Inner setae on apical margin of tibia and tarsus enlarged. Claw with small denticle; digitules on tarsus and claw weakly capitate. Antennae 10-segmented, approximately 368 μm long, second segment longest, about 1.5 times longer than apical segment, last segment apically rounded or slightly pointed. Fleshy setae present on segments 2–10; capitate setae (cs) present on last 3 segments.

Notes: The description is based on five specimens from one locality. The illustration utilized all five specimens because the specimens are in poor condition. There are only two heads (one detached), three wings (two detached), and the thorax and abdomen of most specimens are missing legs or are oriented in a manner making it difficult to observe all of the structures.

The macropterous adult male of Hy.hyperici is similar to the adult male of Ov. agavium in lacking hamulohalteres, and in having small alar lobes, fleshy setae on the legs, and capitate and fleshy setae on the antennae. The species differ from Hypericicoccus hyperici having capitate setae restricted to the last three antennal segments, whereas Ov. agavium has them on the last six antennal segments.

Adult male (brachypterous) ( Fig. 37 )

Description: Slide-mounted specimens each 0.8–1.0 mm long, 0.3 mm wide. Body elongate, with segment VIII slightly produced laterally.

Dorsum with 1 pair of tail-forming pore clusters (tfpc); each cluster with 1 or 2 setae, apically capitate or apically acute, when 2 present, of 2 distinct sizes: longest seta 65 μm long; shortest setae 20–22 μm long. Multilocular pores (mp) in tail-forming pore clusters, each with 4, 5 or 6 loculi, 4-locular pores most common; multilocular pores also present near posterior spiracle, with 6 or 7 loculi. X-type pores (x) near dorsal arm of midcranial ridge (dmcr). Flagellate setae slender, apically acute, curved, approximately same length as those on venter or slightly shorter, with 2 or 3 near margin and 2 submedially on each side of most of segments II to VII, sometimes with mediolateral seta on each side of anterior abdominal segments; with 1 pair of elongate setae in medial area of segment VIII; setae present on prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax; head setae present anterior to postoccipital ridge (por) and along dorsal arm of midcranial ridge (dmcr). Abdominal sclerotization weakly indicated or absent, when present, in mediolateral and lateral areas, present on median tergal plate (mtp) of VIII. Metapostnotal sclerites (pn3) present in some specimens, metapostnotal ridge absent. Scutellar ridge (sclr) strongly developed. Scutum (sct) sclerotized throughout, except for 2 circular areas adjacent to scutellum. Prescutum (prsc) elongate oval or rectangular. Prescutal suture (pscs) weakly developed. Pronotal ridges (prnr) strongly developed; pronotal sclerites absent. Hamulohalteres absent. Wings short, 300–330 μm long, without alar lobes, setae, sensoria, or veins. Postoccipital ridge (por) weakly or strongly sclerotized, lateral ends normally bifurcate. Dorsal arm of midcranial ridge (dmcr) thin, touching postoccipital ridge posteriorly; connected to lateral (lmcr) arms anteriorly. Dorsomedial sclerite (dmep) lightly sclerotized. Dorsal eye (dse) approximately 21–24 μm in diameter. Lateral ocellus (lo) present where dorsal and ventral postocular ridge (pocr) reaches margin of head. Ocular sclerite (ocs) weakly sclerotized dorsally. Microtrichia in medial areas of posterior abdominal segments.

Penial sheath (ps) 85–95 μm long; elongate, width 64–95 μm; width/length 0.8–1.0, style (st) in lateral view slightly curved, apically with several small papillae. Sheath with indication of longitudinal division ventrally. Dorsal surface weakly sclerotized anteriorly, with 2 setae on each side; ventral surface with small swellings laterally, each containing 1–3 setae. Basal rod (br) small, not reaching anterior margin of penial sheath. Anal opening (ao) near anterior edge of penial sheath.

Venter usually with flagellate setae laterally, mediolaterally, and medially, less abundant anteriorly; thoracic setae with or without single pair near anterior legs, usually with single pair anterior to hind legs; head setae present near midline of head between antennal base and ventral eye. Abdominal sclerotization weakly developed on medial and mediolateral areas of segments II to VIII; without sclerotization elsewhere. Metathoracic precoxal ridge (pcr3) weakly developed. Mesosternum (stn2) well-developed, with furca (fc); lateropleurites (lpl) on mesothorax triangular. Prosternum (stn1) absent. Mouth tubercle (mt) present. Preoral ridge (pror) weakly or strongly sclerotized, not touching postocular ridge. Ventral midcranial ridge (vmcr) absent, or weakly developed anteriorly. Cranial apophysis (ca) rounded apically. Ocular sclerite (ocs) unsclerotized except immediately surrounding ventral eye or sclerotized between eyes. Ventral eye (ve) 20–21 μm in diameter. Prothoracic or metathoracic legs longest. Fleshy setae present on outer distal portion of tibia. Inner setae on apical margin of tibia and tarsus enlarged. Claw with small denticle; digitules on tarsus and claw weakly capitate. Antennae each 8- or 9-segmented, 307–365 μm long, second or third segments longest, 1.9–2.0 times longer than apical segment, last segment apically rounded or slightly pointed. Fleshy setae present on segments 3–9; capitate setae (cs) present on last 3 or 4 segments. With frontal tubercle near base of antennae.

Notes: The description is based on four specimens from two localities. The brachypterous adult male of Hy. hyperici is similar to the brachypterous adult male of Acanthococcus salicicola (Borchsenius) and A. spuria (Modeer) as described by Afifi (1968) in having short wings. They differ as follows (character states in brackets are those of Hy. hyperici ): hamulohalteres present (absent); without multilocular pores near posterior spiracle (present); fleshy setae on antennae about same length as flagellate setae (shorter than flagellate setae).

There is a single specimen that looks like the apterous form, but it has a small wing bud on one side that is about 52 μm long and has alar sclerites at the base of the wing.

Adult male (apterous) ( Fig. 38 )

Description: Slide-mounted specimens 0.7–0.9 mm long, 0.2–0.4 mm wide. Body elongate, segment VIII not produced laterally. Wings and hamulohalteres absent.

Dorsum with 1 pair of tail-forming pore clusters (tfpc); each cluster with 1 or 2 elongate, apically blunt, but not capitate setae, of 2 distinct sizes: longest setae 30–50 μm long; shortest setae about 15 μm long; with 5–8 multilocular pores; some specimens with pore cluster absent or highly reduced. Multilocular pores restricted to tailforming pore clusters, rarely with 1 associated with each posterior spiracle, each multilocular pore with 3, 4, 5, or 6 loculi, 5-locular pores most common. X-type pores (x) present near dorsal arm of midcranial ridge (dmcr). Body setae slender, apically acute, curved, approximately same length as those on venter or slightly shorter, with 2 or 3 near margin and 2 mediolaterally on each side of segments II to VII, with 1 pair of elongate setae in medial area of segment VII and VIII; setae on prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax; head setae anterior to postocular ridge (por), on genae (g), and along dorsal arm of midcranial ridge (dmcr). Abdominal sclerotization on median tergal plate VII and VIII weakly developed and on lateral pleurites of segments II to VIII. Microtrichia present medially and mediolaterally on posterior abdominal segments. Thorax without sclerotization, except lateral areas of scutum (sct) weakly sclerotized and pronotal ridge present (prnr). Postoccipital ridge (por) weakly sclerotized. Dorsal arm of midcranial ridge (dmcr) thin, touching postoccipital ridge (por) posteriorly; connected to lateral (lmcr) and ventral arms (vmcr) anteriorly. Dorsomedial sclerite (dmep) lightly sclerotized. Dorsal eye (dse) 16–21 μm in diameter. Lateral ocellus (lo) well-developed, touching dorsal and ventral postocular ridge (pocr). Ocular sclerite (ocs) weakly sclerotized. Microtrichia on posterior abdominal segments.

Penial sheath (ps) 72–100 μm long; broad, width 78–80 μm; width/length 0.8–1.1, style (st) in lateral view straight or slightly curved, apically with several small papillae. Sheath with indication of longitudinal division ventrally. Dorsal surface weakly sclerotized anteriorly, with 2 setae on each side; ventral surface with small swellings laterally, each containing 1–3 setae. Basal rod (br) small, not reaching anterior margin of penial sheath.Anal opening (ao) near anterior edge of penial sheath.

Venter usually with flagellate setae laterally, mediolaterally, and submedially on abdomen, less abundant anteriorly; thoracic setae with or without single pair near anterior legs, usually with single pair anterior to hind legs; head setae only near anterior portion of ventral arm of midcranial ridge (vmcr) and on mouth tubercle (mt). Abdominal sclerotization restricted to segment VIII,with inconspicuous plate in submedial area; without sclerotization elsewhere. Mesothoracic precoxal ridge (pcr2) well-developed. Marginal ridge (mr) of mesosternum present; furca (fr) well-developed. Prosternum absent. Mouth tubercle (mt) present. Preoral ridge (pror) weakly sclerotized, not touching postocular ridge. Cranial apophysis (ca) rounded apically. Ocular sclerite (ocs) unsclerotized except immediately surrounding ventral eye. Ventral eye 12–20 μm in diameter. Legs about same size. Fleshy setae on outer distal portion of tibia of all legs. Inner setae on apical margin of tibia and inner setae on tarsus enlarged. Claw with small denticle; digitules on tarsus and claw weakly capitate. Antennae each 9-segmented, rarely with 8, 210– 230 μm long, third segment longest, 1.7–1.8 times longer than apical segment, apical segment apically rounded. Fleshy setae present on segments 3–9; capitate setae present on segments 6–8.

Notes: The description is based on seven specimens from two localities. The apterous adult male of Hy. hyperici is most similar to the apterous adult male of Ov. adoxus , based on the illustration and description of Hodgson (2020). They differ in many ways including the following (character states of Hy. hyperici are given in brackets): without tail-forming pore clusters (with pore clusters); with one pair of eyes (with three pairs); without capitate setae on antennae (with capitate setae); with multilocular pores near spiracles (without pores).

Fourth-instar male (pupa with wing buds) ( Fig. 39 )

Description: Slide-mounted specimens 0.7–1.2 mm long, 0.2–0.4 mm wide. Body elongate, small lobes present on segment VII.

Dorsum with flagellate setae with rounded or slightly capitate apex, in longitudinal lines on abdomen (medial, mediolateral and lateral), uncommon on thorax, more abundant on head. Multilocular pores absent, or with 1 or 2 near body margin on posterior abdominal segments. Discoidal pores absent. Lobe on lateral margin of segment VII sclerotized. Hamulohalteres absent. Front wing buds 260–430 μm long, partially sclerotized. Ocular sclerite lightly sclerotized. Microtrichia on posterior abdominal segments.

Penial sheath weakly sclerotized, dorsally without lobes, with 2 setae on each side. Anal opening not observed, genital opening represented by small wrinkles ventrally.

Venter with multilocular pores with 5–12 loculi, present along lateral margins of segments IV to VI or VII, absent from anterior 2 or 3 abdominal segments, also near both pairs of spiracles, and mesad of prothoracic and mesothoracic legs. Discoidal pores absent. Flagellate setae apically acute, in 3 pairs of longitudinal lines (medial, mediolateral and lateral), slightly longer than dorsal setae; longest lateral seta on segment VII 55–65 μm long. Mouth tubercle absent. Legs partly developed, setae indicated only by clear dots. Antennae each 10-segmented, 280–385 μm long. Microtrichia on mesothorax to segment VIII, and on venter of mid- and hind coxae. Eye absent.

Notes: The description is based on three specimens from one locality. Two specimens are molting to the adult and it is difficult to determine which structures are on the pupa and which are on the adult. The third specimen is a partially collapsed shed skin. The pupa of Hy. hyperici is very similar to the pupa of Ov. agavium but differs by lacking multilocular pores on the anterior abdominal segments, whereas Ov. agavium has these structures.

Fourth-instar male (pupa without wing buds) ( Fig. 40 )

Description: Slide-mounted specimen 0.7 mm long, 0.3mm wide. Body elongate, small lobes present on segments VII.

Dorsum with flagellate setae with rounded apex, in longitudinal lines on abdomen (medial, mediolateral and lateral), uncommon on thorax, more abundant on head. Multilocular and discoidal pores absent. Lobe on lateral margin of segment VII sclerotized. Hamulohalteres absent.Front wing buds absent. Ocular sclerite lightly sclerotized. Microtrichia on posterior abdominal segments.

Penial sheath weakly sclerotized, dorsally without lobes, with 2 setae on each side. Anal opening not observed; genital opening represented by small wrinkles at apex of sheath.

Venter with multilocular pores with 5–13 loculi, locular structure sometimes irregular, present along lateral margins of segments II to VI, absent from segment I; also, near both pairs of spiracles, and mesad to mesothoracic legs. Discoidal pores absent. Flagellate setae apically acute, in 3 pairs of longitudinal lines (medial, mediolateral and lateral), slightly longer than dorsal setae; longest lateral seta on segment VII 55 μm long. Mouth tubercle present. Legs partly developed, setae indicated only by clear dots. Antennae each 9-segmented, 240 μm long. Microtrichia present on mesothorax to segment VIII, and on venter of mid- and hind coxae. Eye absent.

Notes: The description is based on three specimens from two localities. One specimen is mounted on its side and is twisted at the abdomen. Two specimens are molting to the adult and it is difficult to determine which structures are on the pupa and which are on the adult. The pupa of this species is very similar to the pupa of Ov. agavium , even possessing multilocular pores on the anterior abdominal segments.

Third-instar male (prepupa with wing buds) ( Fig. 41 )

Description: Slide-mounted specimens 0.9–1.0 mm long, 0.5–0.6 mm wide. Body elongate, without lobes on segment VII, or lobes slightly protruding.

Dorsum with flagellate setae with rounded or slightly capitate apex, in longitudinal lines on abdomen (medial, mediolateral and lateral), uncommon on thorax, more abundant on head. Multilocular pores on medial and/ or marginal areas of segments III to VI, with 4–13 loculi. Discoidal pores absent. Without dorsal sclerotization except wing buds. Hamulohalteres absent. Front wing buds 110–205 μm long, partially sclerotized. Microtrichia on posterior abdominal segments.

Penial sheath absent. Anal opening not observed, genital opening represented by small wrinkles ventrally.

Venter with multilocular pores with 7–12 loculi, in 2 pairs of longitudinal lines on mediolateral and/or lateral areas of segments I to VI, also near both pairs of spiracles, mesad to prothoracic, mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, and medially on head. Discoidal pores absent. Flagellate setae apically acute, in 3 pairs of longitudinal lines (medial, mediolateral and lateral), slightly longer than dorsal setae; longest lateral seta on segment VII about 60 μm long. Mouth tubercle absent or represented by small, wrinkled area. Legs partially developed, setae absent. Antennae unsegmented, each 175–198 μm long. Microtrichia on mesothorax to segment VIII, absent from legs. Eye absent.

Notes: The description is based on two specimens from one locality, that are molting to the fourth-instar pupa. The prepupa of Hy. hyperici is very similar to the prepupa of Ov. agavium but differs by having dorsal multilocular pores on the posterior abdominal segments, whereas Ov. agavium lacks these structures.

Third-instar male (prepupa without wing buds) ( Fig. 42 )

Description: Slide-mounted specimens 0.6–0.7 mm long, 0.3–0.4 mm wide. Body elongate, with small lobes on segment VII.

Dorsum with flagellate setae with slightly rounded apex, sometimes slightly capitate, in longitudinal lines on abdomen (medial, mediolateral and lateral), uncommon on thorax, more abundant on head. Multilocular pores on medial and/or marginal areas of segments III to VI, with 6–12 loculi. Discoidal pores absent. Without dorsal sclerotization. Hamulohalteres and anterior wing buds absent. Microtrichia on segments III or IV to VII.

Penial sheath absent. Anal opening not observed, genital opening represented by small wrinkles ventrally.

Venter with multilocular pores with 7–12 loculi, in 2 pairs of longitudinal lines on mediolateral and/or lateral areas of segments I to VI, also near both pairs of spiracles, mesad to prothoracic, mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, and medially on head, sometimes absent from mesad to metathoracic legs. Discoidal pores absent. Flagellate setae apically acute, in 3 pairs of longitudinal lines (medial, mediolateral and lateral), setae slightly longer than dorsal setae; longest lateral seta on segment VII 45–52 μm long. Mouth tubercle represented by small, wrinkled area. Legs partially developed, represented by 3-segmented stubs, setae absent. Antennae unsegmented, each 110– 125 μm long. Microtrichia on mesothorax to segment VIII, absent from legs. Eye absent.

Notes: The description is based on three specimens from one locality. The prepupa of Hy. hyperici is very similar to the prepupa of Ov. agavium but differs by having dorsal multilocular pores on the posterior abdominal segments, whereas Ov. agavium lacks these structures.

Second-instar male ( Fig. 43 )

Description: Slide-mounted specimens 0.7–0.8 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm wide. Body elongate oval, with slightly protruding anal lobes. Each lobe dorsally with 1 5-locular pore and 2 or 3 flagellate setae; each lobe ventrally with 1 medium-sized seta and 1 longer anal-lobe seta; multilocular pore sometimes present ventrally, with 1 or 2 microtubular ducts and 1 or 2 macrotubular ducts.

Dorsum with flagellate setae over surface, in longitudinal lines (medial, mediolateral and lateral) on each side of body from head to posterior abdominal segments, some specimens with flagellate setae replaced by enlarged setae in lateral and mediolateral lines, with 1–3 setae in each line. Enlarged setae absent or restricted to few slightly enlarged flagellate setae, or with some lateral and mediolateral setae enlarged and pear-shaped; segment IV with 7–9 setae (including flagellate setae). Macrotubular ducts scattered over entire surface. Microtubular ducts 4–5 μm long, with area farthest from dermal orifice sclerotized and divided into 2 parts, apical portion rounded or indented, longer or same length as length of remaining sclerotized portion; sclerotized area same size or longer than unsclerotized area; dermal orifice weakly sclerotized, with simple protruding tube. Microtubular ducts uncommon over surface, more abundant near enlarged setae when present. Multilocular pores of 3 kinds: 5-locular pores, 7-locular pores and 9-locular pores, present over entire surface, in 2 pairs of longitudinal lines (lateral and mediolateral), or restricted to few in mediolateral area. Cruciform pores uncommon on abdomen and/or thorax. Acute dermal nodules along body margin and submargin of abdomen. Microtrichia present in medial areas of thorax and abdomen.

Anal ring ventral, dorsal, or marginal, circular, complete, cellular, with 3 slightly enlarged setae on each side of ring (less enlarged than second-instar females and with more acute apices), each slightly shorter than greatest diameter of ring; additional pair of setae often associated with, but not attached to, ring. Orifice of anal tube unsclerotized or weakly sclerotized.

Venter with setae flagellate, longest seta on segment II 19–25 μm long, on segment VII 16–30 μm; anal-lobe seta 85 μm long. With 1 or 2 slightly enlarged flagellate setae on lateral margin of each side of each body segment from head to segment VII, or with these setae enlarged and pear-shaped. Macrotubular ducts absent. Microtubular ducts uncommon near body margin, more abundant on specimens with enlarged setae. Multilocular pores of 3 or 4 kinds: with from 5‒11 loculi, 7-locular pores most numerous, scattered over surface or arranged in 3 pairs of longitudinal lines (lateral, mediolateral and medial). Cruciform pores absent or present near body margin from head to posterior abdomen. Legs without translucent pores on hind coxa; each femur with 3 setae, without proximal seta; each tibia with 4 setae, without middle seta; hind tibia/tarsus 0.8–0.9. Antennae each 7-segmented, 112–131 μm long. Frontal lobes absent. Preantennal pore present. Acute dermal nodules on submarginal and marginal areas of abdomen. Microtrichia over entire surface, present on hind 2 pairs of coxae.

Notes: The description is based on 18 specimens from two localities. The second-instar male of Hy. hyperici is most similar to Ov. davesmithi Miller and Stocks , in having the anal ring with pores and the dorsum with multilocular pores. They differ as follows (character states in brackets are of Hy. hyperici ): the most prevalent type of multilocular with five loculi (seven loculi), and the anal ring setae not enlarged (enlarged).

First-instar nymph ( Fig. 44 )

Description: Slide-mounted specimens 0.4–0.6 mm long, 0.2–0.4 mm wide. Body elongate or broadly oval, anal lobes small, slightly protruding. Each lobe dorsally with 0 or 1 enlarged seta and 2 or 3 flagellate setae; each lobe ventrally with 1 medium-sized seta and 1 longer anal-lobe seta.

Dorsum with flagellate setae arranged in 1 pair of longitudinal lines (submedial), decreasing in length anteriorly, slightly enlarged posteriorly, slightly shorter than those on venter, some specimens with 1 or 2 enlarged setae replacing flagellate setae on abdomen. Enlarged setae present in 2 pairs of longitudinal lines (marginal and mediolateral), with 2 setae on each side of each body segment from head to segment VII or VIII, some specimens with mediolateral enlarged setae on thorax and head replaced by flagellate setae. Enlarged setae pear-shaped, approximately same size, largest seta 7–8 μm long, with truncate apices and narrow setal base; segment IV with 6 setae (including flagellate setae). Macrotubular ducts absent. Microtubular ducts 4–6 μm long, with area farthest from dermal orifice sclerotized and divided into 2 parts, apical portion rounded, about same size as remaining sclerotized portion; sclerotized area 2 times longer than unsclerotized area; dermal orifice unsclerotized or weakly sclerotized, with simple protruding tube. Microtubular ducts present in marginal and submarginal areas from thorax to segment VIII. Multilocular pores absent. Normally with 1 cruciform pore on each side of body submarginally on mesothorax. Dermal nodules present along body margin and submargin. Microtrichia in medial areas of thorax and abdomen.

Anal ring apical or rarely dorsal; circular, complete, cellular, with 3 slightly enlarged setae on each side of ring, each slightly shorter than greatest diameter of ring; additional pair of setae often associated with, but not attached to, ring. Orifice of anal tube unsclerotized or weakly sclerotized.

Venter with flagellate setae on segment II 5–8 μm long, on segment VII 12–18 μm long; elongate anal-lobe seta 101–165 μm long. With 1 enlarged seta on lateral margin of each side of each body segment from head, prothorax or mesothorax to segment VII. Microtubular ducts marginal. Multilocular pores normally with 1 posterior to each eye, 2 associated with each anterior spiracle, 1 associated with each posterior spiracle, 1 or 2 on each side of segments VI and/or VII; multilocular pores of 3 kinds: 11-locular pores rare, present near spiracles; 7-locular pores more numerous, associated with spiracles; 5-locular pores sometimes in marginal area near eye, in mediolateral areas of segment VI and/or VII. Cruciform pores absent. Legs well-developed, without pores; each femur with 2 or 3 setae, without proximal seta; each tibia with 4 setae, without middle seta; hind tibia/tarsus 0.9–1.1. Antennae each 6- segmented, 98–111 μm long. Without preantennal pore or frontal tubercle. Microtrichia in medial and mediolateral areas of thorax and abdomen. Derm nodules marginal and submarginal.

Notes: The description is based on 47 specimens from three localities. The first-instar nymph of Hy. hyperici is most similar to the first-instar nymph Ov. braggi (Cockerell & Robinson) , in having dorsomedial setae, pores in the anal ring and a complete anal ring. They differ as follows (character states in brackets are of Hy. hyperici ): multilocular pores near the anterior spiracle with five loculi (seven loculi), and the anal ring setae are not enlarged (enlarged).

Figures

FIGURE 34. Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris 1955), second-instar female #1 (dermal nodules less abundant; multilocular pores uncommon) Lafayette, Clegg Memorial, Tippecanoe Co., Indiana, USA, July 8, 1974, on Hypericum sp., D.L. Schuder. A=enlarged seta; C=7-locular pore; D=5-locular pore; F=microtubular duct (shown in two views); H=cruciform pore; I=anal ring; J=antenna; L=claw; Q=dorsal surface of coxa; T=pore with>7 loculi; Z=body margin.

FIGURE 35. Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris 1955), second-instar female #2 (dermal nodules abundant; multilocular pores common), Lafayette, Clegg Memorial, Tippecanoe Co., Indiana, USA, July 8, 1974, on Hypericum sp., D.L. Schuder.A=enlarged seta; C=7-locular pore; D=5-locular pore; F=microtubular duct (shown in two views); H=cruciform pore; I=anal ring; L=claw; Q = dorsal surface of coxa; T=pore with>7 loculi; Z=body margin.

FIGURE 36. Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris 1955), adult male (macropterous), Lafayette, Clegg Memorial, Tippecanoe Co., Indiana, USA, July 8, 1974, on Hypericum sp., D.L. Schuder. See methods section for explanation of abbreviations.

FIGURE 37. Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris 1955), adult male (brachypterous), unknown locality, Tippecanoe Co., Indiana, USA, October 5, 1954, on Hypericum sp., D.L. Schuder. See methods section for explanation of abbreviations.

FIGURE 38. Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris 1955), adult male (apterous), Lafayette, Clegg Memorial, Tippecanoe Co., Indiana, USA, July 8, 1974, on Hypericum sp., D.L. Schuder. See methods section for explanation of abbreviations.

FIGURE 39. Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris 1955), fourth-instar male (macropterous pupa), Lafayette, Clegg Memorial, Tippecanoe Co., Indiana, USA, July 8, 1974, on Hypericum sp., D.L. Schuder. D=5-locular pore; N=flagellate seta; T=pore with>7 loculi.

FIGURE 40. Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris 1955), fourth-instar male (apterous pupa), unknown locality, Tippecanoe Co., Indiana, USA, October 5, 1954, on Hypericum sp., D.L. Schuder. C=7-locular pore; N=flagellate seta; T=pore with>7 loculi.

FIGURE 41. Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris 1955), third-instar male (macropterous prepupa), Lafayette, Clegg Memorial, Tippecanoe Co., Indiana, USA., July 8, 1974, on Hypericum sp., D.L. Schuder. N=flagellate seta; T=pore with>7 loculi; U=4- locular pore.

FIGURE 42. Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris 1955), third-instar male (apterous prepupa), Lafayette, Clegg Memorial, Tippecanoe Co., Indiana, USA., July 8, 1974, on Hypericum sp., D.L. Schuder. C=7-locular pore; N=flagellate seta; S=6-locular pore; T=pore with>7 loculi.

FIGURE 43. Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris 1955), second-instar male, Lafayette, Clegg Memorial, Tippecanoe Co., Indiana, USA, July 8, 1974, on Hypericum sp., D.L. Schuder. A=enlarged seta; C=7-locular pore; D=5-locular pore; F=microtubular duct; G=macrotubular duct; H=cruciform pore; I=anal ring; L=claw.

FIGURE 44. Hypericicoccus hyperici (Ferris 1955), first-instar nymph, Bloomington, McLean Co., Illinois, USA, December 14, 1953, on Hypericum sp., Daniels and Heuer.A=enlarged seta; B=slightly enlarged seta; C=7-locular pore; D=5-locular pore; F=microtubular duct; H=cruciform pore; I=anal ring; J=antenna; L=claw; T=pore with>7 loculi.