Ypofloiococcus libeauae Miller and Stocks, 2022

Miller, Douglass R. & Stocks, Ian C., 2022, New genera and species of felt scales (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Eriococcidae), with descriptions of new species and immature instars of described species, Zootaxa 5221 (1), pp. 1-213 : 198-204

Ypofloiococcus libeauae Miller and Stocks sp. n.

Type material: Adult female holotype right specimen of 2 on slide, with right label “C 663 MHR / Cedros Island, / Costa Rica / III-17-1978 / Coll. M. Kosztarab / Det. D.R.M.” Left label “ Ypofloiococcus / libeauae / Miller / & Stocks / Holotype” and a map is given of the position of the holotype; label on back of slide “ Ypofloiococcus / libeauae Miller & / Stocks / HOLOTYPE & / PARATYPE / USNM / Costa Rica.” The holotype is deposited in the USNM. Paratypes: COSTA RICA: Cedros Island, III-17-1978, on?, M. Kosztarab (1 ad. ♀ holotype, 7 ad. ♀♀ on 4 slides) USNM. MEXICO: Quintana Roo: Tulum , VI-30-1999, on “chinchona”, ( Cinchona sp. ?), D.R. Miller and E.A. Sanderson (26 ad. ♀♀, 28 second-instar ♀♀, 10 second-instar ♁♁, 1 first-instar nymph on 13 slides) NHM (1 slide), CDFA (1 slide), FSCA (1 slide), UCD (1 slide), UNAM (1 slide), USNM (8 slides) .

Etymology: This species is named in honor of Elizabeth (Libby Libeau) Apfel Sanderson who assisted the first author in collecting part of the type series of this species in Mexico. She tolerated the questioning stares of bystanders while DRM collected specimens under the bark of the host.

Field characters: Specimens collected in Mexico were found under the bark of a tree that the local people called chinchona. We suspect that it may be a species of Cinchona which is the source of quinine used as a treatment for malaria. Bodies of the larger specimens were bright red and the body margin had a coating of white wax.

Adult female ( Fig. 103 )

Description: Holotype, slide mounted 1.6 mm long, 0.9 mm wide (paratypes 1.3–2.5 mm long, 1.1–1.3 mm wide). Body oval (nearly rotund in some paratypes), anal lobes not protruding. Anal-lobe area difficult to discern, dorsally each with 3 flagellate setae including elongate anal-lobe seta (paratypes 2–4), 1 microtubular duct (paratypes 2–4); ventrally each with 2 or 3 flagellate setae including suranal seta and elongate anal-lobe seta (paratypes 3 or 4), 0 microtubular ducts (paratypes 0–4), and 13 and 19 5-locular pores (paratypes 25–30 5-locular pores).

Dorsum with flagellate setae scattered over entire surface, noticeably shorter than those on venter, slightly curved, longest about 12 μm long. Enlarged setae absent. Macrotubular ducts unusual, with large loop attached to vestibule, scattered over entire surface, least abundant on anterior thorax and head, most abundant near body margin, each about 23 μm long (paratypes 20–31 μm). Microtubular ducts of 2 sizes; largest most abundant near body margin, common near anterior and posterior margins of abdominal segments, each about 7 μm long (paratypes 5–9 μm), area farthest from dermal orifice sclerotized and undivided, dermal orifice unsclerotized, without protruding duct, tube divided longitudinally; smallest abundant over surface, each about 3 μm long (paratypes 3–5 μm), area farthest from dermal orifice sclerotized and undivided, dermal orifice unsclerotized, without protruding duct, tube divided longitudinally. Multilocular and cruciform pores absent. Microtrichia absent. Derm conspicuously sculptured over entire surface.

Anal ring ventral. Costa Rican population with anal ring semicircular, thick around circumference except anterior portion thin, without cells, or 1 or 2 near base of setae, with 3 setae on each half of ring, longest 37 μm long (paratypes from Costa Rica 37–53 μm, from Mexico 28–34 μm), each seta longer than greatest diameter of ring; anal tube and anal opening sclerotized; with anal flap. Mexican population differs with anal ring complete, thick around circumference, with more small pores, with anal flap.

Venter with longest flagellate seta on segment II 62 μm long (paratypes 62–80 μm), on segment VII 33 μm long (paratypes 39–59 μm); longest anal-lobe seta 52 μm long (paratypes 48–68 μm). Enlarged setae absent. Macrotubular ducts same as on dorsum, with noticeable loop attached to vestibule, near body margin. Microtubular ducts of 3 sizes: largest uncommon, in mediolateral areas of segments IV to VII (paratypes III or IV to VIII), same shape as smaller microtubular ducts, length about 19 μm (paratypes 19–23 μm), tube undivided longitudinally; medium-sized ducts same as longest on dorsum, most abundant marginally, often near anterior and posterior margins of abdominal segments, rare or absent medially on thorax; smallest same as smallest on dorsum, most abundant marginally, often in medial areas of abdominal segments, rare or absent medially on thorax. Multilocular pores in conspicuous clusters in submarginal areas of segments V to VIII, small cluster on IV; also in medial and submedial rows on segments V to VIII, with 1 or 2 pores on segment IV (paratypes without pores on IV or with 1–5 pores); multilocular pores also near antennae, mouthparts, and spiracles and in submarginal areas of thorax to segment II (1 paratype with pores restricted to spiracular areas); multilocular pores of 1 kind: all 5-locular. Cruciform pores absent. Legs with hind coxae dorsally with 115 and 137 large pores (paratypes 119–137 pores), ventrally with 20 pores (paratypes with 0–19 pores); each femur with 4 setae, with 1 seta proximally; each tibia with 4 setae, setae on lateral margin inconspicuous, without middle seta; hind tibia/tarsus 1.3 (paratypes 1.3–1.6); hind tibia-tarsus length 142 μm long (paratypes 150–183 μm). Antennae each 6-segmented, 147 and 161 μm long (paratypes 200–228 μm); sensory setae on each antenna restricted to distal 2 segments. Frontal lobes and preantennal pores absent. Labium 98 μm long (paratypes 77–107 μm), 1- or 2-segmented; basal segment thin, sclerotized bar; apical 2 segments fused, basal segment with 1 pair of setae. Microtrichia on metathorax to segment V (paratypes with microtrichia from mesothorax or metathorax to segment IV or V), absent from ventral surfaces of coxae.

Notes: The description is based on 32 specimens from two localities. The adult females of Y. libeauae are unique within the Eriococcidae of the New World in having the following combination of character states: hind tibia longer than hind tarsus; macrotubular ducts with conspicuous loop attached to vestibule; hind coxae each covered in translucent pores dorsally; sensory setae restricted to distal two segments of each antenna; three sizes of microtubular ducts; multilocular pores forming large clusters on abdomen.

Second-instar female ( Fig. 104 )

Description: Slide-mounted specimens 0.6–0.9 mm long, 0.4–0.7 mm wide. Body oval or nearly round, anal lobes not protruding.Anal-lobe areas difficult to delineate, dorsally each with 1 or 2 flagellate setae, 2–7 microtubular ducts; ventrally each with 1–3 flagellate setae including suranal seta, without anal-lobe seta, 0–3 microtubular ducts.

Dorsum with flagellate setae scattered in small numbers over surface, with 1 large seta on body margin of each abdominal segment, posterior marginal and submarginal setae about same length as medial ventral setae, medial setae noticeably shorter than those on venter, slightly curved, largest seta 16–19 μm long. Enlarged setae usually absent, some specimens with posterolateral and sublateral setae slightly enlarged similar to those on venter. Macrotubular ducts absent. Microtubular ducts of 3 sizes; largest type most abundant near body margin, 8–11 μm long, area farthest from dermal orifice sclerotized and undivided, dermal orifice unsclerotized, without protruding duct, tube divided longitudinally; medium size scattered over surface, most abundant in medial areas, each about 5 μm long, area farthest from dermal orifice sclerotized and undivided, dermal orifice unsclerotized, without protruding duct, tube divided longitudinally; smallest type uncommon, restricted to medial areas, each about 3 μm long, area farthest from dermal orifice sclerotized and undivided, dermal orifice unsclerotized, without protruding duct, tube undivided longitudinally. Multilocular and cruciform pores, and microtrichia, absent. Derm sculptured over entire surface, not as pronounced as on adult female.

Anal ring ventral, semicircular, thick around circumference, without cells or with 1 or 2 near setal base, with 3 setae on each half of ring, longest 3–9 μm long, each seta shorter than greatest diameter of ring; anal tube unsclerotized, opening of anal tube sclerotized, with anal flap.

Venter with longest seta on segment II 4–9 μm long, on segment VII 8–11 μm long; without elongate anallobe seta. Enlarged setae slightly more robust than flagellate setae, on body margin from head, thorax, or anterior abdominal segments to segment VIII, with 1 seta on margin of each body segment from head to segment VIII; sublateral setae sometimes enlarged, smaller that lateral setae. Enlarged setae either increasing in size posteriorly or anteriorly, largest seta about 16–19 μm long, enlarged setae with slightly rounded apices. Macrotubular ducts absent. Microtubular ducts of same 3 sizes as on dorsum: largest and medium size nearly restricted to lateral areas; smallest type uncommon in medial areas. Multilocular pores near antennae, mouthparts, spiracles, and in medial areas of thorax, of 2 types: 5-locular pores most abundant, 3-locular pores uncommon or absent. Cruciform pores absent. Legs with hind coxae dorsally with 1–5 pores, ventrally without pores; each femur with 3 or 4 setae, usually with 1 proximal seta; each tibia with 4 setae, setae on lateral margin inconspicuous, without middle seta; hind tibia/ tarsus 1.2–1.3. Antennae each 6-segmented, 74–79 μm long. Frontal lobes and preantennal pores absent. Labium 1- or 2-segmented; basal segment thin, sclerotized bar; apical 2 segments fused, basal segment without setae or with 1 on each side. Microtrichia on head to segment V or VI, absent from ventral surface of coxae. With cavity slightly deeper than sublateral and lateral areas of body, encompassing antennae, legs, spiracles, and medial and mediolateral areas of abdomen.

Notes: The description is based on 28 specimens from one locality. The second-instar females of Y. libeauae are unique within the Eriococcidae of the New World in having the following combination of character states: hind tibia longer than hind tarsus; sensory setae restricted to distal two segments of each antenna; three sizes of microtubular ducts; labium 1- or 2-segmented; dorsal derm sculptured.

Second-instar male ( Fig. 105 )

Description: Slide-mounted specimens 0.7–1.1 mm long, 0.5–0.6 mm wide. Body oval or nearly round, anal lobes not protruding.Anal-lobe area difficult to delineate, dorsally each with 1 or 2 flagellate setae, 0–3 microtubular ducts; ventrally each with 4 flagellate setae including suranal seta and elongate anal-lobe seta, 0 or 1 microtubular ducts.

Dorsum with flagellate setae long, scattered in small numbers over surface, with 1 large seta on body margin of each abdominal segment, increasing in length from medial to lateral and usually from posterior to anterior, medial setae noticeably shorter than those on venter, straight or slightly curved, largest seta 25–28 μm long. Enlarged setae absent. Macrotubular ducts unusual, with large loop attached to vestibule, scattered over surface near anterior margin of abdominal segments and near body margin, 11–14 μm long. Microtubular ducts of 2 sizes: largest type abundant over surface near posterior margin of abdominal segments, 12–16 μm long, area farthest from dermal orifice sclerotized and undivided, dermal orifice unsclerotized, without protruding duct, tube undivided longitudinally; smaller size variable, scattered over surface, most abundant in lateral and mediolateral areas, 3–5 μm long, area farthest from dermal orifice sclerotized and undivided, dermal orifice unsclerotized, without protruding duct, tube divided longitudinally. Multilocular and cruciform pores absent. Without microtrichia. Derm sculptured over entire surface, not as pronounced as on adult female.

Anal ring ventral or marginal, semicircular, thick around circumference, with 2–5 cells, with 3 setae on each half of ring, (rarely with 1 extra seta), longest 17–28 μm long, each seta about same length as width of anal ring; anal tube unsclerotized, opening of anal tube sclerotized, with anal flap.

Venter with longest flagellate seta on segment II 43–51 μm long, on segment VII 50–51 μm long; anal-lobe seta 57–76 μm long. Enlarged setae absent. Macrotubular ducts scattered over surface, absent or rare in lateral and mediolateral areas of abdomen. Microtubular ducts of smaller size, most abundant laterally, with several in medial areas of abdomen. Multilocular pores near antennae, mouthparts, spiracles, and in medial areas of thorax, forming mediolateral longitudinal line on abdomen, sometimes absent from posterior 2 or 3 abdominal segments; of 2 kinds: 5-locular pores most abundant, 3-locular pores rare or absent. Cruciform pores absent. Legs with hind coxae without pores, ventral surface of coxa partially sclerotized; each femur with 3 or 4 setae, usually with 1 proximal seta; each tibia with 3 or 4 setae, setae on lateral margin inconspicuous, without middle seta; hind tibia/tarsus 1.0–1.1.Antennae each 6-segmented, each 101–139 μm long. Antennae with sensory seta restricted to distal 2 segments. Frontal lobes absent. Preantennal pore seen on 1 specimen. Labium 1- or 2-segmented; basal segment thin, sclerotized bar; 2 distal segments fused, basal segment without setae. Microtrichia on head, prothorax, mesothorax, or metathorax to segment VII, sometimes on ventral surface of hind 2 pairs of coxae.

Notes: The description is based on 10 specimens from one locality. The second-instar males of Y. libeauae are unique within the Eriococcidae of the New World in having the following combination of character states: antennae each 6-segmented; macrotubular ducts with large loop attached to vestibule; without enlarged setae; sensory setae restricted to distal two segments of antennae; two sizes of microtubular ducts; labium 1- or 2-segmented; dorsal derm sculptured.

First-instar nymph ( Fig. 106 )

Description: Slide-mounted specimen 0.4 mm long, 0.3 mm wide. Body nearly round, anal lobes not protruding. Anal-lobe areas difficult to delineate, dorsally without flagellate setae; ventrally each lobe area with 4 or 5 flagellate setae including suranal seta and elongate anal-lobe seta.

Dorsum with flagellate setae scattered in small numbers over surface, medial setae shorter than those on venter, straight or slightly curved, largest seta 5 μm long. Enlarged setae nipple-shaped, arranged in lateral longitudinal line on abdomen, with 1 seta on each side of each abdominal segment, with 1 enlarged seta on thorax; longest enlarged seta about 6 μm long, with 2 such setae on segment IV. Macrotubular ducts absent. Microtubular ducts near body margin, often associated with enlarged setae, each about 6 μm long, area farthest from dermal orifice sclerotized and undivided, dermal orifice unsclerotized, without protruding duct, tube divided longitudinally. Multilocular and cruciform pores absent. Microtrichia absent. Derm not sculptured.

Anal ring ventral, semicircular, weakly sclerotized, without cells, all but 1 seta broken, peg shaped, with 3 setae on each half of ring, setal bases conspicuous, longest seta 2 μm long, each seta shorter than width of anal ring; anal tube unsclerotized, opening of anal tube sclerotized, without anal flap.

Venter with longest flagellate seta on segment II about 5 μm long, on segment VII about 11 μm long; anal-lobe seta about 61 μm long. Enlarged setae around body margin, nipple-shaped, similar to dorsum. Macrotubular ducts absent. Microtubular ducts near body margin of posterior abdominal segments. Multilocular pores near mouthparts, spiracles, and in medial areas of thorax, forming mediolateral longitudinal line on abdomen, of 2 kinds: 3-locular pores most abundant, 5-locular pores rare. Cruciform pores in small numbers in mediolateral areas of posterior thorax. Legs with hind coxae without pores, ventral surface of each hind coxa partially sclerotized; each femur with 4 setae, with 1 proximal seta; each tibia with 3 or 4 setae, setae on lateral margin inconspicuous, without middle seta; hind tibia/tarsus 1.0. Antennae each 6-segmented, about 66 μm long; sensory setae restricted to distal 2 segments. Frontal lobes absent. Preantennal pore present. Labium 1- or 2-segmented; basal segment thin, sclerotized bar; apical 2 segments fused, basal segment without setae. Microtrichia absent. Possibly with ventral cavity.

Notes: The description is based on one specimen from one locality. The first-instar nymph of Y. libeauae is unique within the Eriococcidae of the New World in having the following combination of character states: sensory setae restricted to distal two segments of antennae; microtubular ducts divided longitudinally, with a single internal sclerotization; labium 1- or 2-segmented.

Because the single specimen is in poor condition, it was necessary to extrapolate the position of such structures as the enlarged setae and various flagellate setae. It is likely that there are more setae on each surface, but neither setal bases nor the setae themselves were visible using even the highest magnifications. It is not certain that the structures considered to be cruciform pores are really this kind of pore; they might be small microtubular ducts. For some reason the Canada balsam mounting medium of the Mexican collection is cloudy, making it difficult to see some structures. The most likely explanation may be because of inadequate dehydration of the specimens before mounting them on the slide (P.J. Gullan, personal communication, June 2022).

Figures

FIGURE 103. Ypofloiococcus libeauae sp. n., adult female, Costa Rica: Cedros Island, March 17, 1978, on?, M. Kosztarab. D=5-locular pore; F=microtubular duct; G=macrotubular duct; I=anal ring; J=antenna; K=dorsal surface of coxa; L=claw; N=flagellate seta; Z=body margin; AA=microtrichia; BB=labium.

FIGURE 104. Ypofloiococcus libeauae sp. n., second-instar female, Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico, June 30, 1999, on “chinchona,” (Cinchona sp.?), D.R. Miller and E.A. Sanderson. B=slightly enlarged seta; D=5-locular pore; E=3-locular pore; F=microtubular duct; I=anal ring; J=antenna; N=flagellate seta; W=hind leg; Z=body margin; BB=labium.

FIGURE 105. Ypofloiococcus libeauae sp. n., second-instar male,Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico, June 30, 1999, on “chinchona,” (Cinchona sp.?), D.R. Miller and E.A. Sanderson. D=5-locular pore; E=3-locular pore; F=microtubular duct; G=macrotubular duct; I=anal ring; J=antenna; L=claw; N=flagellate seta; Z=body margin.

FIGURE 106. Ypofloiococcus libeauae sp. n., first-instar nymph, Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico, June 30, 1999, on “chinchona,” (Cinchona sp.?), D.R. Miller and E.A. Sanderson. A=enlarged seta; B=slightly enlarged seta; D=5-locular pore; E=3-locular pore; F=microtubular duct; H=cruciform pore; I=anal ring; J=antenna; L=claw; N=flagellate seta; BB=labium.