Calymmochilus dispar Bouček & Andriescu, 1967

Fusu, Lucian, Askew, Richard R. & Ribes, Antoni, 2018, Rediscovery of Calymmochilus russoi Gibson, 1995 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae), and revision of European Calymmochilus Masi, 1919, Zootaxa 4504 (4), pp. 501-523 : 510-514

Calymmochilus dispar Bouček & Andriescu, 1967

Figs 5 , 33–41 (♀), 6, 53–57, 61, 65, 67, 72, 73 (♂)

Calymmochilus sp.; Masi 1919: 327 (described but not named). Peck, Bouček & Hoffer 1964: 61 (mentioned but not named).

Calymmochilus dispar Bouček & Andriescu, 1967: 233 –238. Holotype ♀, ANCO, examined by LF. Type locality: Romania, Dobruja , Natural Reserve “Marine sand dunes of Agigea”.

Calymmochilus dispar ; Askew & Nieves-Aldrey 2004: 35 –36 (keyed, distribution). Korenko et al. 2013: 4 –9 (biology, redescription, distribution). Askew & Nieves-Aldrey 2017: 10 (distribution).

Diagnosis. Female. Brachypterous, fore wing rudiment emarginate apically ( Fig. 34 ). Mesosoma and head concolorous, dark brown with reduced metallic lustre ( Figs 5 , 33 ); gaster dark brown. Legs brown to light brown with brown-yellow apices of all tibiae, tarsi except last tarsomere, and apices of meso and metafemora; scape from completely brown to variably extensively brown-yellow distally ( Fig. 35 ). Head flattened, with lower parascrobal region abruptly angled to gena, forming a ridge between torulus and lower orbit ( Figs 35, 37 ). Clypeus protuberant, convex, apically serrate ( Fig. 35 insert). Scrobal depression deep, with sloping, non-carinate sides, reticulate to strigose ( Fig. 37 ). Frontovertex between ocellar triangle and scrobal depression mostly mirror-like, with the least polished areas imperceptibly reticulate; obviously reticulate to strigose immediately above scrobal depression ( Fig. 37 ). Mesoscutum imbricate-coriaceous to coriaceous-reticulate, with cells delimited by only slightly raised ridges ( Fig. 39 ). Mesoscutellum and axillae sculptured as mesoscutum, fused into one contiguous structure, scutellum longitudinally depressed ( Figs 38, 39 ). Acropleuron imbricate-coriaceous to coriaceous-reticulate, mesally almost smooth and polished ( Fig. 41 ). Fore wing rudiment infuscated.

Male. Body dark brown to black with evident blue metallic lustre ( Fig. 6 ) except smaller specimens almost without metallic lustre. Head in exact dorsal view 4.8–5.6× breadth of an eye measured along a transverse axis as in figure 73. Frontovertex between ocellar triangle and scrobal depression alutaceous to imbricate or slightly reticulate ( Fig. 72 ). Scrobal depression completely and uniformly coriaceous to reticulate ( Fig. 72 ). Funicle with first segment plus strongly reduced anellus 2.4–3.1× as long as wide ( Fig. 65 ). Mesoscutum coriaceous posteriorly, midlobe reticulate in anterior two thirds; lateral lobe coriaceous to imbricate-coriaceous. Mesoscutellum coriaceous. Metascutellum broadly Π-like, with lateroventral corners gently sloping, with dorsal margin flange-like carinated in larger specimens ( Fig. 67 ). Fore wing stigma subrotund to subquadrate and about as high as long, if elongated then rhomboidal (see remarks); uncus appears shorter than height of stigma ( Figs 53–57 ).

Distribution. Extensively distributed from Portugal to Armenia ( Korenko et al. 2013). Here newly recorded for Greece, Turkey and Morocco. Judging by the larger number of males of this species present in the examined material, it is a locally common species, but the easily recognisable females are rarely collected because they are brachypterous and presumably live at or near ground level.

Remarks. Masi (1919), when describing his new genus Calymmochilus, mentions two species: one that he described in the same paper, the type species of the genus ( C. atratus ) and one that was mentioned but not named for unknown reasons. Masi indicates that this second species is brachypterous with the wings truncated after the postmarginal vein and that the gaster is laminately compressed in dead air-dry specimens ( Masi 1919: 327). Both characters were also included in the Latin description of the genus Calymmochilus and both are characteristic for C. dispar females. Though we did not examine the specimen mentioned by Masi we conclude it was a C. dispar . Latter it was again mentioned but not named by Bouček in Peck et al. (1964).

This is the only European species with brachypterous females, making them very easily recognisable. Males are also readily distinguished by the completely sculptured scrobal depression (smooth in all other species with known males). However, the smallest male of this species that was examined (1.1 mm) (CNC) has the dorsal half of the depression polished, only the ventral half being sculptured. This male from Morocco could represent a distinct species whose females are as yet unknown. However, it agrees with other males of C. dispar in the proportions of the head, fore wing stigma and metascutellum shape, and it is part of a longer series of males of this species.

Because many mounted specimens have the scapes covering the scrobal depression, an additional useful character to use is the shape of the stigma on the fore wing. Even if it is variable in shape and can be from subrotund to subquadrate or rhomboidal it is about as high as long ( Figs 54, 55 & 56 right side, 57) and hence the uncus appears shorter than the height of the stigma. However, some males have the stigma elongated, but not transversely as in other species of the genus but rather as a continuation of the stigmal vein past the stigma ( Figs 53, 55 & 56 left side). Also, in all the examined males, only one wing (usually the left one) has the stigma elongated, the other one having it subquadrate ( Figs 55, 56 ). The allotype has the right fore wing stigma rhomboidally elongated ( Fig. 53 ) whereas the left fore wing is missing, being used to produce figure 11 in Bouček & Andriescu (1967) that shows a subrotund to subquadrate stigma. A similar bilateral asymmetry, but in the number of mesotarsal pegs, was documented in detail for Eupelmus vladimiri Fusu (Fusu 2017) .

Material examined. Type material. ROMANIA: Holotype ♀ of Calymmochilus dispar : “AGIGEA/ 28.VII.1964 / LEG. A. ANDRIESCU | CALYMMOCHILUS/ ♀ / DET. I. ANDRIESCU | HOLOTYPUS [red label] | HOLOTYPUS / Calymmochilus dispar / Boucek & Andriescu, 1967 [recent red label by LF]” ( ANCO) . Allotype ♂: “ 12.VI.1964 / BASARABI/ DOBROGEA/ LEG. I. ANDRIESCU | CALYMMOCHILUS/ ♂ / DET. I. ANDRIESCU | ALLOTYPUS [red label]”. Paratypes , 2♂: “AGIGEA/ REZERVATIE [nature reserve]/ 16.V.1964 / leg. ANDRIESCU | CALYMMOCHILUS/ sp. nov. ♂ / LEG. I. ANDRIESCU | PARATYPUS [green label]” (1♂). “AGIGEA/ 6.V.1963 / LEG. I. ANDRIESCU | CALYMMOCHILUS/ ♂ / DET. I. ANDRIESCU | PARATYPUS [green label]” (1♂) (all three additionally labelled with recent red label by LF: “ PARATYPUS / Calymmochilus dispar / Boucek & Andriescu, 1967 ”) ( ANCO) .

Non-type material. FRANCE: St Gély du Fesc, 23. ix.1999, à la lumière, N. Gompel (1♀ CBGP) . Pyr. Orie., Le Rimbeau, 31.vii.1991, Rasplus (1♂ CBGP) . Pyr. Ori., St Cyprien Plage, 20.vi.1995 (1♂ CBGP) . Alp. Mar., Col de Brouils, 19.vii.1990 (1♂ CBGP) . Hérault, Lac du Salagou, 6.viii.1992, Rasplus (1♂ CBGP) . Hérault, Montpellier, La Paillade, Grabels, 17.ix.1989, H. Tussac (2♀ GDPC) . Dept. Hérault, Grabels, 08.ix.1979, J.T. Huber (2♂ CNC) and 15.ix.1979 (3♂ CNC) . Hérault, Saint-Pierre-Lafage, forêt de Parlatages, circuit de la Fontaine des Oiseaux, 550–650 m, 14.vii.2004, Gérard Delvare (1♀ GDPC) . St Guilhelm le Desert (34), Les Lavagnes, 470 m, 13.ix.1989 (4♂ CBGP) . Hérault, Montferrier sur Lez , 3°51’E 43°40’N, 10.vii.1994, YPT, P.G. Mason (1♀ CNC) . Hérault, Baillarguet , CSIRO lab., 43°41’12’’N 3°52’24’’E, 18.iv–3.v.1993, champ sauvage, MT, P.G. Mason (1♂ CNC) . Montpellier, 07.ix.1979, J.T. Huber (2♂ CNC) . Herault, St. Vincent de Barybeyrargues , 43°42’18”N 3°53’E, 12–19.vi.1993, YPT, garrigue sauvage, P.G. Mason (1♂ CNC) . FRANCE (CORSICA): Galéria, Fango, 26.vi.1990, Rasplus (1♂ CBGP) . Manso, 200 m, maison forestière Pirio , 42°23’N 08°45’E, piège Malaise, 01–28.ix.1999, Andréi-Ruiz & Villemant (3♂ GDPC, one no. 2017-30) . GREECE: Kerkini lake, Pumping station site, 13–19.vi.2007, N41°12’48.7” E23°06’11.9” (G. Ramel) (1♀ AICF) . Corfu, Roda, 6–20.vi.1998 (M. Boness) (1♀ RRAC) . Crete, Chania, Omalos , 20–24.viii.2001, 35°20’N 23°53’E, J.S. Noyes (1♂ CNC) . ITALY (SARDINIA): Tempio (Cusseddu), 28.viii–04.ix.1978, F. Bin (1♂ CNC) ; same except 11–18.ix.1978 (1♂ CNC) , 18–25.ix.1978 (1♂ CNC, no. 2017-31) . ROMANIA: Hagieni, Hagieni forest, calcareous slope, 43.79819°N 28.46370°E, 6.vii.2016, screen sweeping (O. Popovici) (1♀ AICF, DNA voucher LFMM00010_0101, DNA in CBGP). Constanţa county, Agigea Natural Reserve , 44°5’18.01”N 28°38’35.54”E, 9.vii.2006 (L. Fusu) (1♂ AICF) . Constanţa, Rez. Agigea, 21.vi.2000 (L. Fusu) (1♂ no. 2017-04, AICF) . Tulcea county, forest border, 9 km S of Babadag , 15–17.v.2009, 44°48’49”N 28°42’24.6”E (L. Fusu) (2♂, one no. 2017- 0 5, AICF) . SPAIN: Valencia, Albaida, 13.10.1990, Rasplus (1♂ CBGP) . Tarragona, Cambrils de Mar, 30.v.1990, H. Tussac (1♂ GDPC) . Girona, Roses, 6.vi.1990, H. Tussac (2♂ GDPC) .

Extralimital material. MOROCCO: Marrakech , Ouirgane, 1000 m, 31°08’N 08°05’W, 10–16.ix.1996, C. Kassebeer (2♂ CNC) ; 4–11.x.1996 (3♂ CNC) and 10–22.xi.1997 (2♂ CNC) . TURKEY: Akyaka , 37°03’N 28°20’E, 3 m, ix.2012, pasture and salty meadow, V. Bartak (1♀ CNC) . 8 km N Cine , 37°32’34’’N 28°03’46’’E, 68 m, 28–30.vi.2015, riverbank, Barták & Kubik (1♂ CNC) .

Figures

FIGURES 1–6. Calymmochilus spp., habitus: 1, C. atratus, lectotype ♀ with data labels; 2, C. atratus ♂ (2017-28); 3, C. delphinus ♀ (2017-09); 4, C. delphinus ♂ (2017-07) with mesoscutellum as insert; 5, C. dispar, holotype ♀ with data labels; 6, C. dispar ♂ (2017-05). Scale bars represent 1 mm.

FIGURES 33–41. Calymmochilus dispar, holotype ♀: 33, lateral habitus; 34, fore wing rudiment; 35, head, lateral with clypeus as insert; 36, antenna; 37, head, two-thirds; 38, mesoscutellar-axillar complex; 39, mesosoma; 40, syntergum, lateral; 41, acropleuron. Scale bars represent 1 mm in 33 and 0.2 mm in 34–41.

FIGURES 70–77. Head in Calymmochilus ♂: 70, 71, C. atratus (2017-28); 72, 73, C. dispar (allotype); 74, 75, C. delphinus (2017-07); 76, 77, C. subnubilus (2017-06). eb—eye breadth, fb—minimum frontovertex breadth (interocular distance). Scale bars represent 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 53–69. 53–57, fore wing venation variability in Calymmochilus dispar ♂: 53, allotype; 54, specimen 2017-04 from type locality; 55, specimen 2017-30, both wings; 56, specimen 2017-31, both wings; 57, specimen 2017-05. 58–60, fore wing venation in Calymmochilus ♂: 58, C. atratus 2017-28; 59, C. delphinus 2017-08; 60, C. subnubilus 2017-06. 61, head and mesosoma, lateral, C. dispar ♂ (allotype); 62, head and mesosoma, lateral, C. subnubilus ♂ (2017-06). 63–66, pedicel and basal flagellomeres in Calymmochilus ♂: 63, C. atratus (2017-28); 64, C. delphinus (2017-07); 65, C. dispar (allotype); 66, C. subnubilus (2017-06). 67–69, metanotum and propodeum in Calymmochilus ♂: 67, C. dispar (2017-04); 68, C. subnubilus (2017-06); 69, C. delphinus (2017-07). Scale bars represent 0.2 mm.