Mesokalliapseudes bahamensis Sieg, 1982

DRUMM, DAVID T. & HEARD, RICHARD W., 2011, Systematic revision of the family Kalliapseudidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea), Zootaxa 3142 (1), pp. 1-172 : 126-136

Mesokalliapseudes bahamensis Sieg, 1982

( Figs 85–86 )

Kalliapseudes (Mesokalliapseudes) bahamensis Sieg, 1982: 3–10 , Figs. 1–4. Bamber, 1993: 122. Drumm, 2003: 2, 11. Kalliapseudes bahamensis Bamber, 1993: 128–130 , Fig. 5 .

Mesokalliapseudes bahamensis Guţu, 2006: 142 , 148, 150, 151, Figs. 232–235.

Type material. Holotype female ( USNM 181707 ), paratypes (93 juveniles and 69 females, USNM 181901 ), para-

Material examined. Paratypes ( USNM 181901 ), San Salvador , Bahamas, inside NW reef, near Dump Reef, 24°08'N, 74°28'W 4 m, Dec. 18, 1979 ; Klawah Island , South Carolina (SC), 32.485°N, – 78.8217°W, S121, SERTC Invert. Collection, SCDNR, 52.0 m, coll. David Knott, Aug. 6, 1981 , 1 ovigerous female (dissected) ~ 6.5 mm, 3 females with empty marsupium, 3 females with oostegites, 3 subadult females and 1 subadult male; offshore disposal area, Charleston, SC, 32.7083°N, – 79.8600°W, S98, SERTC Invert. Collection, SCDNR, 8–17 m, coll. David Knott, Aug. 1978, 1 subadult female; off Savannah River , Georgia (GA), 31.7350°N, – 80.2167°W, S116, SERTC Invert. Collection, SCDNR, 33 m, coll. David Knott, Aug. 21, 1980 , 1 female with empty marsupium and 1 subadult male; off Little Tybee Island, GA, 31.6850°N, – 80.34677°W, S119, SERTC Invert. Collection, SCDNR, 28 m, coll. David Knott, March 10, 1981, 1 subadult male; off Amelia Island , Florida, 30.6167°N, – 81.1783°W, S117, SERTC Invert. Collection, SCDNR, 22 m, coll. David Knott, Aug. 4, 1980 , 4 subadult males ~ 3.7 mm. 1 adult female ( GCRL 2991 ); Gulf of Mexico , 27°37.2’N, 83°53.5’W, MAFLA, 50 m, Aug. 9, 1977 . 1 ovigerous female ( GCRL 2992 ); Florida Bay , 24°45.072’N, 81°38.88’W, WI94MR05, 1994 Florida Bay & Adjacent Waters Study, 8.1 m, coll. Sept. 8, 1994 . 1 ovigerous female and 1 juvenile ( GCRL 2993 ); Florida Bay , 25°3.102’N, 81°33.9’W, WI94MR11, 1994 Florida Bay & Adjacent Waters Study, 9.4 m, coll. Sept. 8, 1994 . 1 adult male, 3 subadult males, 1 juvenile, and 1 manca ( GCRL 2994 ); Florida Bay , 25°9.24’N, 81°24.672’W, WI94MR13, 1994 Florida Bay & Adjacent Waters Study, 7.8 m, coll. Sept. 7, 1994 .

Diagnosis (adult). Rostrum rounded. Pereonites without anterolateral apophyses. Pleotelson broader than long. Third peduncle article of antenna spinulate. Mandibular palp terminating in simple seta. Fixed finger of cheliped less than one half length of dactylus; cutting edge of dactylus with more than 10 long setae increasing in length distally. Chelipeds not showing sexual dimorphism.

Supplementary description. adult female with oostegites (paratype USNM 181901, ~ 4.2 mm): Pleotelson

85C) with one terminal simple seta. Labium ( Fig. 94D) with one very short terminal spiniform seta. Maxilla with three spiniform setae on inner lobe of fixed endite. Maxilliped ( Fig. 85E ) basal article outer margin fringed with plumose setae; last palp article with three terminal simple setae. Cheliped with basis and merus having simple setae (not plumose); chelae ( Fig. 85F ) dactylus cutting edge with twelve setae. Pereopod 4 and 5 propodus ( Fig. 85G ) with one short pectinate seta on inner side. Pereopod 6 dactylus ( Fig. 86A ) with one subterminal seta. Uropod exopodite ( Fig. 85H ) with short basal article followed by two longer articles.

Type locality. San Salvador , Bahamas, inside NW reef, near Dump Reef, 24°08'N, 74°28'W ( Fig. 80 ) .

Geographic distribution. NW Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, from South Carolina to SE Florida, San Salvador Bahamas, Caribbean Sea (Carrie Bow Caye, Belize) ( Fig. 80 ).

Remarks. This species was thoroughly described and illustrated by Sieg (1982) in the original description, which was based on an adult female (4.4 mm); however, several differences were noticed when examining type material, as noted in the supplementary description. The number of articles in the main flagellum of the antennule shows ontogenetic variation (8–11 in adult males), as does the number of setae on the cutting edge of the dactylus (an ovigerous female had 16 setae) and the number of spiniform setae on the inner lobe of the fixed endite of the antennule, the males also have a longer pereopod 6 dactylus ( Fig. 86B ), which is a common occurrence in other kalliapseudins.

Examination of material from the SERTC invertebrate collection in Charleston, South Carolina revealed the presence of this species, which extends its range to shallow waters off South Carolina, Georgia and the east coast of Florida. The only major difference found was the larger size of these specimens (1 ovigerous female from South Carolina was 6.5 mm). Guţu (2006) discovered this species in collections from Carrie Bow Caye, Belize which extends this species’ range into the Caribbean Sea. Examination of material from the Mississippi–Alabama–Florida (MAFLA) Outer Continental Shelf Study also revealed the presence of K. bahamensis at a depth of 50 m, which extends its range into the Gulf of Mexico.

This species can be distinguished from its congeners by its distinct armature of the female chelae ( Fig. 85F ) and the absence of anterolateral apophyses on the pereonites ( Fig. 85A ).

Mesokalliapseudes brasiliensis (B ă cescu, 1986)

( Figs 87–90 )

Kalliapseudes viridis brasiliensis Băcescu, 1986: 93 , 95, 96, Fig. 2 .

Kalliapseudes (Mesokalliapseudes) viridis brasiliensis . Guţu, 2006: 142.

Mesokalliapseudes brasiliensis . Guţu, 2006: 142. Drumm and Heard, 2007: 459, 467.

Type material. Holotype female ( MHN Grigore Antipa No. 695).

Material examined. 7 adult males, 9 females with oostegites and 4 ovigerous females ( MZUSP 16.899 ), Brazil, 23°36´S, 44°46´W, 48 m depth ; 5 females with oostegites (1 partly dissected), 3 females with empty marsupium, 5 adult males (1 partly dissected), CSA, Trinidad, sta. 5–1, coll. Aug. 2003 .

Diagnosis (adult). Rostrum round, tapering anteriorly. Pereonites lacking anterolateral aphophyses. Pleotelson broader than long. Inner flagellum of antennule with three articles; first peduncle article approximately 3.3 times as long as broad. Third article of antenna without distinctive spinulate process. Terminal spiniform seta of mandibular palp naked and stout, approximately seven times as long as broad. Fixed finger of cheliped less than one half the length of dactylus. Cutting edge of cheliped dactylus with three or four setae midway and one distal seta. Pereopod 6 dactylus with one subterminal seta. Last article of uropod exopodite approximately 1.6 times as long as second article. Hyposphaenia absent.

Supplemental description. Adult female with oostegites. Body length ( Fig. 87A ) approximately 3.8 mm, six times as long as broad.

Carapace ( Fig. 87A ) as broad as long, 1 pair of mid–lateral and dorsal setae; rostrum rounded, tapering anteriorly.

Pereonites ( Fig. 87A ). Pereonites 4 and 5 longest and subequal, pereonites 1–3 subequal in length, pereonite 6 shortest, all rounded laterally; one simple seta on anterior corners and usually with one simple seta on posterior corners, and at least one pair dorsal simple setae; hyposphaenia absent.

Pleonites ( Fig. 87A ) subequal; epimera rounded, with several plumose setae and two pair short simple dorsal setae and one longer pair lateral simple setae; hyposphaenia absent. Pleotelson ( Fig. 87A ) gently tapering posteriorly to rounded tip, with several lateral and dorsal simple setae; two long terminal plumose setae.

Antennule ( Fig. 87B ). First peduncle article approximately 3.2 times as long as broad, with several simple and broom setae on outer margin and several simple setae on inner margin. Second peduncle article with several distal simple and broom setae. Third peduncle article with several distal simple setae. Fourth peduncle article with two broom setae. Inner flagellum with three articles, distal article with three simple setae; outer flagellum with nine articles, slightly shorter than peduncle, one aesthetasc each on articles 4, 5, and 7, and three simple setae on distal article.

Antenna ( Fig. 87C ). First article with medial extension bearing four plumose setae. Squama with three simple setae. Third peduncle article with one long simple seta and several spinules on inner distal margin. Fourth peduncle article longer than first three flagellum articles, with two proximal plumose and two distal simple setae on ventral surface, three broom setae on outer margin and three distal broom setae. Flagellum with seven articles bearing long, simple setae; distal article with five simple setae.

Mandible ( Fig. 87E ) Left mandible incisor process with approximately five teeth; lacinia mobilis with four teeth; spine row with four serrate spiniform setae; mandibular palp terminating in stout spiniform seta, approximately seven times as long as broad. Right mandible not examined.

Labium ( Fig. 87F ). Distal margin provided with short hair–like setae. Palp with long hair–like setae and terminating in short spiniform seta.

Maxillule ( Fig. 87G ). Inner endite bearing three terminally setulate setae and dense row of hairs on outer and inner margins. Outer endite with seven long serrate, four long naked and one short spiniform setae, two subterminal setae and dense row of hairs on outer and inner margins.

Maxilla ( Fig. 88A ). Inner lobe of fixed endite with posterior row of two serrate spiniform setae and with long anterior row of setae. Outer lobe of fixed endite with four serrate setae and several simple setae. Inner lobe of moveable endite with two long serrate setae and several simple setae; outer lobe of moveable endite with two plumodenticulate setae.

Maxilliped ( Fig. 88B ). Basal article fringed with plumose setae on outer margin, one simple seta on inner margin. First article of palp with two simple setae on inner margin. Last three articles of palp with double row of long plumose setae on inner margin; second article with one distal simple seta on outer margin; last article terminating in two simple setae. Endite with several pappose setae along margin, one long and two short distal pappose setae; 2 coupling hooks.

Cheliped ( Figs. 88C, D ). Basis with one simple ventrodistal seta. Merus with two simple setae. Carpus with double row of long, plumose setae and one simple seta on dorsodistal corner. Propodus slender and very long, approximately 1.5 times as long as carpus, with diagonal row of long plumose setae on inner face; palm region with several long simple and serrate setae distally; fixed finger less than one–half length of dactylus; cutting edge with two short spiniform setae interspersed with one to several spinules. Dactylus with three long setae on inner face; cutting edge with four simple setae midway and one distal simple seta near base of unguis.

Pereopod 1 ( Fig. 88E ). Basis with acute, proximal process, one simple seta ventrodistally. Ischium short and naked. Merus approximately 2.5 times as long as broad, approximately 3.6 times as long as carpus, with several simple setae on ventral margin, one ventrodistal spiniform seta, and one short dorsodistal spiniform seta. Carpus short with two ventrodistal and one dorsodistal spiniform setae, outer surface with row of small tubercles and several simple setae. Propodus shorter than carpus, three ventral and two dorsodistal spiniform setae; outer surface with small tubercles and several simple setae; inner surface with three short distal pectinate setae. Dactylus represented by sensory organ with numerous distal sensory setae and inner surface with two setae (one long and one short).

Pereopod 2 ( Fig. 88F ). Basis approximately 3.5 times as long as broad, two broom setae on dorsal margin, one simple ventrodistal seta. Ischium with two simple ventrodistal setae. Merus same length as carpus, with two simple tally. Propodus shorter than carpus, with six spiniform setae, one long simple and one long serrate spiniform seta dorsodistally, and one broom seta midway on dorsal margin. Dactylus long and slender, shorter than basis, with thin outer digitiform lobe terminating in six sensory setae.

Pereopod 3 ( Fig. 88G ). Similar to pereopod 2. Carpus with two spiniform setae distally on outer surface.

Pereopod 4 ( Figs. 89A, B ). Basis approximately 2.4 times as long as broad with two short simple subdistal setae, one ventrodistal simple seta and two broom setae on proximal outer surface near dorsal margin. Ischium with three simple setae. Merus shorter than carpus with two simple and one spiniform setae ventrodistally. Carpus with five spiniform setae on inner surface and four spiniform setae on outer surface, one long simple dorsodistal seta. Propodus with six inner and outer spiniform setae increasing in length distally, one dorsodistal spiniform seta, one short pectinate seta on inner and two on outer surfaces and one broom seta proximally on dorsal margin. Dactylus represented by a sensory organ with numerous distal sensory setae.

Pereopod 5 ( Figs. 89C, D ). Similar to pereopod 4. Merus with two spiniform setae. Propodus without short pectinate seta on the inner surface.

Pereopod 6 ( Fig. 89E ). Basis with two long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins, and two simple ventrodistal setae. Ischium with two ventrodistal simple setae. Merus with three ventrodistal simple setae, and one plumose seta on dorsal margin. Carpus approximately 1.8 times as long as merus with five simple setae on ventral margin and three distal simple setae. Propodus with three (one short and two long) outer spiniform setae and approximately 18 inner bipectinate setae. Dactylus shorter than carpus and propodus combined, with one subterminal seta.

Pleopods ( Fig. 89F ). Basal article with two long plumose setae. Exopodite biarticulate with one plumose seta on first article and 13 plumose setae on distal article. Endopodite uniarticulate with 14 plumose setae.

Uropod ( Fig. 89G ). Basal article approximately 2.5 times as long as broad, with two simple setae on outer margin, one simple subdistal seta on ventral and dorsal margin and one spiniform seta on inner distal corner. Exopodite with short basal article with one long simple seta followed by two longer articles, the last article approximately 1.8 times as long as second article and terminating in four simple setae. Endopodite with approximately 23 articles (exact number unknown due to incomplete fusion in some articles).

Male. Very similar to female but with the following differences. Body length approximately 3 mm.

Antennule ( Fig. 90A ). Peduncle robust, first article approximately three times as long as broad. Proximal articles of outer flagellum with cluster of aesthetascs, decreasing in number distally and absent on last four articles.

Antenna (not illustrated). Medial extension bearing four plumose setae. Flagellum with six articles.

Pereopod 6 ( Fig. 90B ). Dactylus longer than carpus and propodus combined.

Type locality. East of Port Tubaroro , Brazil, 20°15.5´S, 40°5.3´W, 29 m depth ( Fig. 80 ) .

Geographic distribution. SW Atlantic ( Brazil) and NW Atlantic ( Trinidad) (Fig. 1, number 33; Fig.80 ).

Remarks. Examination of new material extends the range of this species in the NW Atlantic off Trinidad and approximately 600 km south of the type locality off Brazil. Mesokalliapseudes brasiliensis was originally considered a subspecies of M. viridis ( Băcescu, 1986) ; subsequently Guţu (2006) considered it a valid species based on the different geographical distributions of the species but recognized the very scant original description. Băcescu (1986) described this species as lacking lateral plumose setae on the pleonites, but Guţu (personal communication) examined the type material and confirmed the presence of plumose setae. Guţu (pers. comm.) compared the type specimen to my illustrations and noted only two differences: 1) the number of ventral spiniform setae on the pereopod 1 propodus (three in my specimen and two in the type specimen) and 2) the number of spiniform setae on the pereopod 6 dactylus (two or three in my specimens and four in the type specimen). These characters have been shown to vary within species (one ovigerous female we examined had four spiniform setae on the pereopod 6 propodus) so they should not be used to diagnose species. One of the most important characters for distinguishing species of Mesokalliapseudes is the nature of the chela (i.e, setation/spination on the cutting edges and the proportion of dactylus/fixed finger length). The specimens we examined have three or four setae midway on the cutting edge of the dactylus and one seta distally near the unguis. Guţu (pers. comm.) examined the type specimen chela and did not notice any setae on the cutting edge, but mentioned that this could be due to poor preservation. We have decided to treat this species as conspecific with M. cf. brasiliensis rather than give it designation as a new species until further material (topotypic) can be examined.

one) and can be distinguished from this species as well as the other congeners by the following characteristics: 1) the rostrum gradually tapers to a rounded tip, 2) the terminus of the mandibular palp has a stout naked spiniform seta, and 3) the cutting edge of the cheliped dactylus has three or four setae midway and one distal seta. All other congeners have a rounded rostrum that does not taper (except M. crassus , which has an acute rostrum) and a narrow seta (naked or plumose) on the terminus of the mandibular palp. Mesokalliapseudes brasiliensis is further distinguished from M. soniadawnae by having: 1) no anterolateral projections on the pereonites, 2) the first article of the maxillipedal palp with four simple setae on the inner margin, 3) the cheliped basis lacking a long ventrodistal simple seta, 4) the pereopod 1 basis lacking a stout pectinate spiniform seta, and 5) less stout pereopod articles.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Maxillule of a A) Kalliapseudinae and B) Metapseudinae showing the absence (A) or presence (B) of the palp.

FIGURE 5. Mesokalliapseudes macsweenyi, SEM of A) chelipeds and B) maxillipeds.

FIGURE 80. Distribution map of species belonging to the genus Mesokalliapseudes.

FIGURE 85. Mesokalliapseudes bahamensis (paratype, USNM 181901), female with oostegites (A–H); male (I). A, dorsal view of body; B, antenna peduncle; C, right mandible; D, labium; E, maxilliped; F, chela; G, pereopod 4 propodus and dactylus (inner); H, uropod; I, genital cone. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B, F, G, H = 0.05 mm; E = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 86. Mesokalliapseudes bahamensis (paratype, USNM 181901), female (A); male (B). A, pereopod 6 (outer); B, pereopod 6 (outer). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 87. Mesokalliapseudes brasiliensis (MZUSP 16.899), female with oostegites. A, dorsal view of body; B, antennule (ventral); C, antenna (ventral); D, labrum; E, left mandible; F, labium; G, maxillule. Scale bars: A = 1.0 mm; B, C = 0.2 mm; D, E = 0.1 mm; F, G = 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 88. Mesokalliapseudes brasiliensis (MZUSP 16.899), female with oostegites. A, maxilla; B, maxilliped; C, cheliped (inner); D, chela (inner); E, pereopod 1 (outer); F, pereopod 2 (outer); G, pereopod 3 (outer). Scale bars: A = 0.05 mm; B–G = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 89. Mesokalliapseudes brasiliensis (MZUSP 16.899), female with oostegites. A, pereopod 4 (outer); B, pereopod 4

FIGURE 90. Mesokalliapseudes brasiliensis (MZUSP 16.899), adult male. A, antennule (ventral); B, pereopod 6 (inner). Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B = 0.1 mm.