Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum complex

Sirin, Uemit Davut, Caliskan, Hakan & Sahin, Yalcin, 2015, Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Turkish Thrace, with a new record for Turkey, Biodiversity Data Journal 3, pp. 4834-4834 : 4834

Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum complex

Materials

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 4 pupae, 6 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum complex; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Nevermannia; Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Kumbağ; locationRemarks: 106; verbatimLatitude: 40°49'39.01"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°23'8.57"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 87; Event: eventDate: 06/08/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 3 pupae, 5 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum complex; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Nevermannia; Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Kumbağ; locationRemarks: 108; verbatimLatitude: 40°47'52.99"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°21'48.85"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 88; Event: eventDate: 06/08/2002

Notes

Simulium cryophilum is a member of the S. vernum species-group, which includes more than one-fourth of the nominal species in the western Palearctic. According to Crosskey and Malicky (2001), there are difficulties in identification of the species of the S. vernum group. Another taxonomic difficulty is that S. cryophilum is a composite of at least two chromosomally distinct sibling species ( Hunter 1987; Adler et al. 1999). We, therefore, refer to it in Turkey as the S. cryophilum complex. We found it in two streams in the southern part of our study region. The main structural features of our material were in the pupal stage: (1) gill with all four filaments held closely together and about equal in thickness ( Bass 1998; Crosskey and Malicky 2001); (2) upper pair of gill filaments branched horizontally ( Jedlićka et al. 2004); (3) upper and lower pairs of filaments on short common stalks equal in length ( Bass 1998; Jedlićka et al. 2004); (4) thoracic microtubercles dense and rounded and thoracic trichomes simple ( Bass 1998); and (5) cocoon fully covering pupa and with a short anteromedian horn. In our larvae, the postgenal cleft was clearly defined and pentagonal, conforming to the description by Bass (1998).