Pimpla

Khalaim, Andrey I. & Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique, 2021, Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Apechthis Förster, Itoplectis Förster and Pimpla Fabricius, Zootaxa 5071 (4), pp. 451-491 : 462-464

Key to species of Pimpla occurring in Mexico

1. Mesosoma and metasoma with a metallic blue or blueish green sheen ( Figs 24 , 50 )................................. 2

- Mesosoma and metasoma without metallic sheen............................................................ 3

2. Apex of clypeus very weakly concave ( Fig. 26 ). Tergite 2 of female finely coriaceous, matt, with only few indistinct punctures ( Fig. 27 ); tergite 2 of male from coriaceous to (in small specimens) polished with isolated punctures. Metallic blue species ( Fig. 24 ). Female with wings blackish ( Fig. 24 ). Male with fore coxa white marked anteriorly ( Fig. 25 )... 3. P. caeruleata Cresson

- Apex of clypeus bilobed ( Fig. 51 ). Tergite 2 of metasoma in both sexes smooth and shining, with distinct punctures ( Fig. 53 ). Metallic blueish green species ( Fig. 50 ). Female with wings yellowish ( Fig. 50 ). Male with fore coxa entirely metallic blue, without pale markings ( Fig. 52 )....................................................... 18. P. viridescens Morley

3. Head and mesosoma predominantly yellow or orange, often with black marks ( Figs 23 , 44 ). Fore wing sometimes with conspicuous apical black spot ( Fig. 46 ).................................................................... 4

- Head and mesosoma predominantly black, sometimes with scattered yellow marks. Fore wing hyaline, uniformly infumate or with anterior 0.3 yellowish............................................................................. 7

4. Malar space 0.9–1.0× as long as basal mandibular width ( Fig. 54 ). Fore wing without apical black spot ( Fig. 23 ). Ovipositor very slender, its sheath about half as long as hind tibia ( Fig. 23 ). Metasomal tergites predominantly black with posterior 0.3–0.4 yellow ( Fig. 55 ).................................................................... 19. P. xalapana sp. nov.

- Malar space 0.3–0.4× as long as basal mandibular width. Fore wing with apical black spot ( Fig. 46 ). Ovipositor robust, its sheath 0.8–1.0× as long as hind tibia. Metasomal tergites predominantly yellow with black markings ( Fig. 47 )........... 5

5. Mesoscutum unicolorously yellowish orange. Metasoma predominantly orange, at most with only extreme anterior margins of tergites 1–4 narrowly blackish. [Fore wing with a large black subapical spot, but posterior and distal margins of the wing hyaline. Apex of upper valve of ovipositor with vestigial wavy dorsal margin, rather abruptly rounded at apex.] ................................................................................................ 2. P. azteca Cresson

- Mesoscutum yellow with three black or brown longitudinal stripes ( Fig. 45 ). Metasoma bright yellow and black ( Fig. 47 ).. 6

6. Tergites 2–3 of metasoma centrally quite finely and closely punctate; punctures separated from each other by about their own diameter ( Fig. 48 ). Female with tergites 6–7 extensively black marked to entirely black ( Fig. 47 ). Apex of ovipositor slightly depressed ( Fig. 49 )............................................................. .. 16. P. sumichrasti Cresson

- Tergites 2–3 of metasoma centrally smooth and polished, virtually impunctate. Female with tergites 6–7 yellow, only narrowly black anteriorly. Apex of ovipositor slightly compressed...................................... 12. P. perssoni Gauld

7. First tergite of metasoma unusually slender, that of female more than 1.6×, of male twice or more as long as posteriorly broad ( Fig. 36 ). Mesoscutum closely granulate ( Fig. 37 ). Entire anterior margin of fore wing strongly infumate with yellow ................................................................................. 9. P. ichneumoniformis Cresson

- First tergite of metasoma short and stout, at most slightly elongate. Mesoscutum more or less punctate. Fore wing hyaline or uniformly infumate .................................................................................... 8

8. Tergites 2–7 of metasoma black, but each with a narrow white or yellow band across the posterior margin. [Laterotergites 2–5 narrow and inconspicuous, less than 0.25× as broad as long.] ................................................... 9

- Tergites 2–7 of metasoma black, brown or red, without white posterior band..................................... 10

9. Malar space 0.6× as long as basal mandibular width. First metasomal tergite as long as posteriorly broad. Scape of antenna, metapleuron, propodeum, mid and hind coxae and trochanters entirely black ( Fig. 21 ). Mesopleuron black with short whitish stripe on subtegular prominence...................................................... 11. P. oaxacana sp. nov.

- Malar space 0.7–0.8× as long as basal mandibular width. First metasomal tergite 1.3× as long as posteriorly broad. Scape of antenna, mesopleuron, metapleuron, propodeum, mid and hind coxae and trochanters extensively white, yellow or red marked............................................................................ 1. P. albomarginata Cameron

10. Metasoma red or reddish brown ( Figs 22 , 30 , 32 )........................................................... 11

- Metasoma uniformly black ( Figs 29 , 38, 40 )............................................................... 16

11. Fore and mid coxae yellow or reddish brown.............................................................. 12

- Fore and mid coxae black .............................................................................. 13

12. Laterotergites 2–5 narrow and inconspicuous, less than 0.2× as broad as long. Mesosoma black with yellow markings on subtegular prominence, scutellum and postscutellum ( Figs 30, 31 ); tegula yellow or yellow marked. Mesopleuron and lower part of metapleuron polished ( Fig. 30 ). Malar space 0.5–0.7× as long as basal mandibular width ..................................................................................................... 6. P. croceiventris (Cresson)

- Laterotergites 2–5 large, more than 0.7× as broad as long. Mesosoma immaculately black; tegula reddish brown. Mesopleuron and metapleuron coarsely punctate (punctures mostly adjacent to each other) to punctate-reticulate. Malar space in female as long as basal mandibular width....................................................... 7. P. dimidiata (Townes)

13. Hind coxa and femur red; trochanters, tibia and tarsus black. Fore and mid femora and tibiae blackish, externally extensively white marked. Scutellum and postscutellum black with extreme posterior margin yellowish....... 15. P. segnestami Gauld

- Hind coxa black, the rest reddish brown or black. Fore and mid femora and tibiae reddish brown to black, externally not or less extensively white marked. Scutellum and postscutellum entirely black.......................................... 14

14. Basal trochanter of fore leg black dorsally and white ventrally. Mid femur entirely reddish brown. Malar space 0.3–0.5× as long as basal mandibular width. Fore wing with vein 1cu-a (nervulus) antefurcal. Tergites 2–5 of metasoma with coarse longitudinally punctate reticulate sculpture (punctures distinctly elongated). Mesopleuron and metapleuron with dense punctures, without striae.............................................................................. 17. P. tequila sp. nov.

- Basal trochanter of fore leg without white markings, more or less entirely black, sometimes yellowish dorsally. Mid femur more or less infuscate, sometimes partly or entirely blackish. Malar space at least 0.6× as long as basal mandibular width in female and 0.5× in male. Fore wing with vein 1cu-a (nervulus) interstitial or postfurcal. Tergites 2–5 of metasoma with dense or sparce round punctures ( Fig. 34 ). Mesopleuron and metapleuron usually partly or entirely striate ........................... 15

15. Hind tibia reddish brown, slightly infuscate at base and extreme apex ( Fig. 32 ). Female: Tergite 2 densely punctate, distance between punctures centrally much shorter than one diameter of puncture ( Fig. 34 ). Metapleuron strongly diagonally striate ( Fig. 33 ). Mesopleuron distinctly and densely punctate (centrally distance between punctures mostly equal to or shorter than one diameter of puncture), distinctly and broadly striate posteriorly ( Fig. 33 ). Hind coxa transversely striate. Malar space 0.8–0.9× as long as basal mandibular width..................................................... 8. P. ellopiae Harrington

- Hind tibia blackish, centrally sometimes reddish black ( Fig. 35 ). Female: Tergite 2 polished with scattered punctures centrally. Metapleuron smooth or indistinctly punctate, sometimes finely striate. Mesopleuron finely, sometimes indistinctly punctate (distance between punctures mostly greater than diameter of puncture), with fine striae in lower posterior corner. Hind coxa smooth or finely punctate, usually without distinct striae. Malar space 0.6–0.8× as long as basal mandibular width ...................................................................................... 8. P. ellopiae Harrington , var.

- Hind coxa reddish brown ( Figs 38, 40 ). Metasoma with laterotergites 4 and 5 broad and conspicuous, more than 0.5× as broad as long ( Figs 42, 43 ). Malar space at least as long as basal mandibular width in female and 0.7× or longer in male....... 20

17. Hind leg black ( Fig. 28 ). Fore wing with vein 1cu-a (nervulus) distinctly postfurcal ................ 4. P. chamela sp. nov. - Hind leg predominantly white or reddish brown. Fore wing with vein 1cu-a (nervulus) more or less interstitial.......... 18

18. Hind tibia black with whitish median band. Second tergite distinctly and densely punctate, distance between puncture shorter than diameter of puncture. Legs white, reddish brown and black..................................... 20. Pimpla sp.

- Hind tibia entirely yellow ( Fig. 29 ). Second tergite with shallow and sparse punctures, distance between puncture much greater than diameter of puncture. Legs bright yellow with hind coxa black and distal tarsomeres fuscous; females often with fore and mid coxae partly or entirely black ( Fig. 29 )............................................................... 19

19. Female with subalar prominence and fore coxa yellow. Second tergite closely punctate; male with transverse groove situated at or behind posterior 0.65, curved. ( Veijalainen et al. 2011: Figs 1 , 6A, 6C ) ...................... .. 5. P. croceipes Cresson

- Female with subalar prominence black, fore coxa black or black and yellow. Second tergite sparsely punctate; male with transverse groove situated at posterior 0.55, almost straight. ( Veijalainen et al. 2011: Figs 2 , 6B, 6D ).. .. 10. P. molesta Smith

20. Metasoma with second laterotergite about 0.5× as broad as long ( Fig. 42 ). Posteroventral part of mesopleuron smooth or punctate, metapleuron smooth or partly weakly striate. Male with hind tibia black with white median band ( Fig. 39 ) ........................................................................................ 13. P. punicipes Cresson

- Metasoma with second laterotergite about 0.2× as broad as long ( Fig. 43 ). Female with posteroventral part of mesopleuron striate, metapleuron coarsely striate. Male with hind tibia reddish brown ( Fig. 41 ).............. 14. P. sanguinipes Cresson

Figures

FIGURES 24–27. Pimpla caeruleata, female (24, 26, 27) and male (25): 24—habitus (without antennae), dorso-lateral; 25— head, front; 26—head and bases of fore legs, antero-lateral; 27—metasomal tergites 2–4, dorso-lateral.

FIGURES 50–53. Pimpla viridescens, female: 50—habitus (without apices of legs and ovipositor), lateral; 51—head, ventroanterior; 52—head and anterior part of mesosoma, ventro-antero-lateral; 53—metasomal tergites 2–4, dorso-lateral.

FIGURES 21–23. Pimpla spp., holotypes, females, habitus, lateral: 21—P. oaxacana sp. nov.; 22—P. tequila sp. nov.; 23—P. xalapana sp. nov.

FIGURES 44–49. Pimpla sumichrasti, female:44—body (without apexof metasoma), dorso-lateral; 45—head andmesoscutum, dorsal; 46—wings, dorsal; 47—posterior part of mesosoma and metasoma with ovipositor, lateral; 48—metasomal tergites 2–4, dorsal; 49—apex of ovipositor, lateral.

FIGURES 54–57. Pimpla xalapana sp. nov., female, paratype: 54—head, front; 55—metasoma, dorsal; 56—mesosoma, lateral; 57—hind leg, lateral.

FIGURES 36–37. Pimpla ichneumoniformis, male: 36—head, mesosoma and base of metasoma, lateral; 37—mesoscutum, dorso-lateral.

FIGURES 28–31. Pimpla chamela sp. nov., female: 28—habitus (without head and wings), lateral. Pimpla croceipes, female: 29—habitus (without antennae and wing apices), lateral. Pimpla croceiventris, male: 30—habitus (without antennae and wing apices), lateral; 31—mesosoma, dorsal.

FIGURES 32–35.Pimpla ellopiae, female:32—habitus,lateral;33—posterior part of mesosoma,ventro-lateral; 34—metasomal tergites 2–4, dorsal. Pimpla ellopiae, var., male: 35—mid and hind legs, lateral.

FIGURES 38–41. Pimpla punicipes, female (38) and male (39): 38—habitus (without antennae), lateral; 39—mid and hind legs, lateral. Pimpla sanguinipes, female (40) and male (41): 40—habitus (without ovipositor), lateral; 41—hind leg, lateral.

FIGURES 42–43. Pimpla punicipes, female: 42—median part of metasoma, ventro-lateral. Pimpla sanguinipes, female: 43— median part of metasoma, ventral.

FIGURES 1–4. Apechthis zapoteca, female: 1—habitus, lateral; 2—head, front; 3—head and mesosoma, dorso-lateral; 4— apex of metasoma with ovipositor, lateral.

FIGURES 5, 6. Itoplectis conquisitor, female (USA): 5—habitus, lateral; 6—posterior part of metasoma, lateral.