Paracardiophorus Schwarz, 1895b: 40

Douglas, Hume B., 2017, World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters, ZooKeys 655, pp. 1-130 : 28

Paracardiophorus Schwarz, 1895b: 40 Figs 4, 10, 16, 24, 34, 35, 65-68

Type species.

Cardiophorus musculus Erichson, 1840: 299.

Diagnosis.

Head. Mandibular apices bidentate; supra antennal carina elevated with area between carina and base of labrum concave in lateral view. Prothorax. Pronotum with lateral carina not reaching anterior edge, hidden in dorsal view by overhanging edge of dorsal part of pronotum (= submarginal line). Pterothorax. Elytra all-black, or with pale markings, area between anterior-most point and humeral angle arcuate or straight in dorsal view (not sinuate) (Fig. 16), apices without shelf-like extensions. Legs. Tarsi without ventral lobes or pads extending beyond base; claws with only 1 point per side.

Description.

Length 4-8 mm. Integument black, some with pale spots or lines on elytra. Head: Antennal sensory elements beginning on antennomere 3; antennae not reaching pronotal hind angles; mandibles with apices bidentate. Labrum evenly convex; area between antennal fossa and compound eye unsculptured. Frons with supra-antennal carina forked near juncture with compound eye (Fig. 2); frons with supra-orbital groove present (Fig. 1). Prothorax: Pronotum with sublateral carinae and incisions present; posterior edge of pronotum with 3 apices mesally; lateral carinae not reaching anterior edge (Figs 3, 4), situated ventrad of lateral edge of pronotum; hind angles complete dorsally (Fig. 3) or truncate so the apex is composed of hypomeron only (Fig. 4); dorsal carina of hind angle present; hypomeral hind edge sinuate (Fig. 4) or rectangularly emarginate (Fig. 3) immediately meso-ventrad of hind angles; procoxal cavities open or closed. Prosternum with anterior prosternal lobe long, covering labium when head is retracted fully; prosternal process straight or curved dorsad, ventral surface carinate laterally, or not. Mesothorax: Scutellum with anterior edge emarginate (Fig. 8), posterior apex pointed (Fig. 8). Mesosternum with anterior edges concave lateral to mesosternal cavity in lateral view; mesosternal cavity with lateral edges sinuate anterad of mesocoxae. Elytral intervals not costate. Hind wings, notched in anal area. Legs: Tarsi without apically extending lobes or pads; tarsal claws each with 1 apex; metacoxal plate covers ½ to 2/3 of metatrochanter with legs withdrawn. Male genitalia: Urosternite 8 straight to bisinuate; abdominal segment 9 with tergite and sternites articulated at sides; parameres of some with apicomedial expansions, others simple, or flattened (Fig. 65), sides with 1-2 setae; aedeagus with median lobe simple (not split or expanded). Female genitalia: Ovipositor with baculae present; coxites flexible. Bursa copulatrix with colleterial glands indiscernible; without sclerotised spermathecae; pair of ovoid spine-bearing sclerites present (Figs 28, 66); spermathecal gland duct with row of diverticulae, base sclerotised inside bursa (Figs 34, 35); anterior end of bursa with 1 pedunculate sac (Fig. 27).

Discussion.

Please see text of discussion above for argumentation for new genus. No unique synapomorphies of this genus were identified. Known from throughout the Holarctic region, 49 spp.

Genus membership revised here to include North American spp. and exclude Australian and South American spp.

The following North American species are transferred from Cardiophorus to Paracardiophorus as: Paracardiophorus abbreviatus Blanchard, 1889; Paracardiophorus acutus Lanchester, 1971; Paracardiophorus amplicollis Motschulsky, 1859; Paracardiophorus aquilis Lanchester, 1971; Paracardiophorus bifasciatus Blanchard, 1889; Paracardiophorus breviatus Lanchester, 1971; Paracardiophorus cardisce (Say, 1839, Elater ); Paracardiophorus catskillensis Douglas, 2003; Paracardiophorus columbianus Lanchester, 1971; Paracardiophorus coxalis Blanchard, 1889; Paracardiophorus fenestratus LeConte, 1859; Paracardiophorus gemmifer Blanchard, 1889; Paracardiophorus ignotus Lanchester, 1971; Paracardiophorus kooskooskiensis Lanchester, 1971; Paracardiophorus luridipes Candèze, 1860; Paracardiophorus plebejus Lanchester, 1971; Paracardiophorus propinquus Lanchester, 1971; Paracardiophorus pullus Blanchard, 1889; Paracardiophorus snakensis Lanchester, 1971; Paracardiophorus spurius Lanchester, 1971; Paracardiophorus stigmaticus Candèze, 1869; Paracardiophorus tumidicollis LeConte, 1853.