Trogon chrysochloros, PELZELN, 1856

Dickens, Jeremy Kenneth, Bitton, Pierre-Paul, Bravo, Gustavo A. & Silveira, Luís Fábio, 2021, Species limits, patterns of secondary contact and a new species in the Trogon rufus complex (Aves: Trogonidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193 (2), pp. 499-540 : 24-26

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa169

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BD62F699-AA76-4EE3-8B78-C4007112F103

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681505

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B2025D50-320E-BC1F-5AF3-FCAD3938943A

treatment provided by

Carolina

scientific name

Trogon chrysochloros
status

 

TROGON CHRYSOCHLOROS PELZELN, 1856 View in CoL

Proposed English name: Southern black-throated trogon.

Trogon chrysochloros Pelzeln J., 1856 View in CoL , Sitz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XX, Heft 2, pp. 496–498, 505–506, Ypanema (= Ipanema), São Paulo, Brazil. – Pothinus atricollis Cabanis & Heine, 1862 –1863, Mus. Hein., part IV, pp. 180–181. – Trogon chrysochloros Pelzeln J, 1868 View in CoL , Zur Orn. Bras., pp. 226–331 (reiteration of species description with additional specimens from Nas Lagos, São Paulo). – Trogon atricollis chrysochloros Berlepsch & Ihering, 1885 , Zeitschr. ges. Ornithol., 2, p. 160, Taquara (Rio Grande do Sul). – Trogon atricollis (Race A) Grant, 1892 , Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 17, pp. 455–458, Nova Friburgo (Rio de Janeiro), Ipanema (São Paulo) and Rio Grande do Sul. – Trogon atricollis Ihering, 1898 , Rev. Mus. Paul. III, p. 294, São Sebastão and Iquape (São Paulo). – Trogon splendidus Bertoni 1901 . Av. Nuev. Paraguay, 1901, p. 35, Alto Paraná, Paraguay. – Trogon atricollis chrysochloros Hellmayr, 1906 , Novit. Zool., 13, p. 380. – Trogon atricollis Ihering & Ihering, 1907 , Part. Catal. Fauna Brasil., I, Aves View in CoL , p. 158, from Rio Grande do Sul to Central America, including specimens from Espirito Santo (Rio Doce). – Trogonurus curucui curucui Ridgway, 1911 View in CoL , Bull. Un. St. Nat. Mus. 50 (5), p. 764. – Trogon rufus Snethlage, 1914 View in CoL , Part. Bol. Mus. Goeldi. 8, p. 208. – Trogonurus curucui curucui Cory, 1919 View in CoL , Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser., 13, p. 325. – Trogon curucui curucui Sztolcman, 1926 View in CoL , Annal. Zool. Mus. Polon. Hist. Natur., 5, p. 133, Vermelho and Terezina (Paraná). – Trogonurus rufus chrysochloros Stone, 1928 , Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 80, p. 158. – Trogon curucui curucui Pinto, 1932 View in CoL , Rev. Mus. Paul. 17, p. 50, Valparaiso (western São Paulo). – Trogon curucui curucui Pinto, 1935 View in CoL , Rev. Mus. Paul. 19, p. 144, Rio Jucurucú (S Bahia). – Trogon curucui chrysochloros Pinto, 1935 . Rev. Mus. Paul. 19, p. 144, São Paulo. – Trogonurus rufus rufus Pinto, 1938 , Rev. Mus. Paul. 22, p. 289. – Trogon curucui chrysochloros Griscom & Greenway, 1941 , Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 88, pp. 180–181. – Trogon rufus chrysochloros Todd, 1943 View in CoL , Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 56, p. 11. – Trogon rufus chrysochloros Peters, 1945 View in CoL , Check-list of Birds of the World, Vol 5, p. 157, Southern Brazil from Bahia to São Paulo and east to Mato Grosso; Paraguay and Misiones ( Argentina). – Trogonurus rufus rufus Camargo, 1946 , Papéis Avulsos do Dept. de Zool. 7 (5), pp. 147, 157, Boracéia (S. Paulo). – Trogon rufus chrysochloros Zimmer, 1948 View in CoL , American Museum Novitates (1380), pp. 26–31. – Trogon rufus chrysochloros Pinto, 1950 View in CoL , Papeíes Avilsos de Zoologia, 9(9), pp. 89–136. – Trogon rufus chrysochloros Pinto 1978 View in CoL . Novo Catal. das Aves View in CoL do Brasil, 1a Parte, p. 218, Paraguay, Misiones ( Argentina) and Brazil from S Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul, including Minas Gerais.

Diagnosis: Both sexes are markedly larger with a relatively smaller and more highly serrated bill than all other taxa. The blue, blue-grey, grey or white eye-ring is diagnostic against T. sulphureus , T. r. amazonicus and T. cupreicauda . Males: The undertail and wing panel barring are diagnostic against all other taxa due to their distinctly high density and narrow white bars, whilst the undertail barring also has a higher percentage area black. Compared to T. r. rufus and T. r. amazonicus , the undertail black bars are also slightly broader overall. The uppertail hue is generally higher than in T. r. rufus but lower than in amazonicus. Compared to T. r. sulphureus , the uppertail is less coppery, whilst the black bar widths on the wing panel and, to a lesser extent, undertail are narrower. Possession of a breast band also distinguishes T. chrysochloros from T. r. sulphureus and T. r. amazonicus . Against T. tenelllus , the undertail barring has narrower black bars, whilst the wing panel barring has broader black bars and a higher percentage area black. Compared to T. cupreicauda , the uppertail is generally less coppery, undertail and wing panel black bars generally narrower and wing panel percentage area black greater. In mountainous and southern regions the chest is also usually less bright than other taxa and generally bluer than T. tenellus , T. cupreicauda and T. r. amazonicus . Females: Wing coverts more densely barred than all other taxa. However, this is only generally the case against T. r. rufus , from which they differ further by generally possessing narrower black bars on the wing panel, denser undertail barring, a yellower and lighter head, yellower and less saturated mantle, and yellower and duller chest. The uppertail is also more saturated compared to northern individuals of T. r. rufus . Compared to T. r. sulphureus , they have narrower black bars, often a yellower and brighter head, yellower but less saturated mantle, and generally more saturated and lighter chest, which is also slightly more often yellower. Against T. r. amazonicus , they have a greater percentage area black and narrower black bars on the wing panel, less saturated and more frequently yellower-brown and lighter head, more frequently less saturated and yellower mantle, and duller chest. Compared to T. r. tenellus , the undertail and wing panel barring have a greater percentage area black and broader black bars, the head is usually less saturated, and chest usually yellower and less saturated. Against T. r. cupreicauda , they lack the extensive brown undertail wash, possess a greater percentage area black on the undertail barring, and usually has a brighter, more yellow head, yellower mantle, and yellower, often more saturated and slightly brighter chest.

Song: More notes per phrase, faster pace, shorter note durations and pause following introductory note, as well as higher note frequencies and wider introductory note bandwidth than T. rufus subspecies. The greater number of notes per phrase, faster pace and shorter durations are also diagnostic against T. tenellus . Compared to T. cupreicauda , the pace is faster, the pause duration shorter and frequencies usually higher.

Habitat and distribution: Primary and secondary Atlantic Forest from Bahia state (south of the Rio São Francisco) to Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, Misiones province (and likely also north-eastern Corrientes), Argentina, and eastern Paraguay. Up to an elevation of 1600 m.

Type material: Syntypes: NMW 40731 (adult male) and NMW 54701 (subadult female), collected by Natterer at Ypanema (now Fazenda Ipanema), Iperó, São Paulo, Brazil.

Description: Both sexes distinctly larger than all other taxa, with highly serrated bill. Although the bill is also generally narrower than all other taxa, besides males of T. r. amazonicus , it appears smaller relative to the larger body. Males: The uppertail is mostly shiny olive-green but varies between plain green to slightly coppery-green. Head and mantle coppery-green. Rump usually plain-green. Upperchest distinctly less brilliant than in other taxa. However, the hue of the iridescent plumage decreases overall with increasing elevation (Supporting Information, Fig. S2 View Figure 2 ), varying from more coppery heads and mantles and goldengreen rumps and chests at lower elevations (c. <550 m above sea level) to plainer-green heads and mantles and blue-green rumps and chests in mountainous regions (c.> 550 m above sea levels). This is somewhat also linked to latitude, with northern birds having the warmest coloration and those from mountainous areas in the south, the bluest. Belly yellow. Breast band usually present, often inconspicuous and difficult to detect, sometimes consisting of only a few white flecks, but uncommonly completely absent. Undertail and wing panels with exceptionally dense barring and narrow white bars, relatively narrow black bars and high percentage areas black. Moderately wide terminal tailband. Females: Head is usually poorly saturated, lighter and yellower Dark Brown to Dark Yellowish Brown. Mantle usually poorly saturated, yellowish Dark Olive Brown. Chest usually moderately saturated, lighter to darker Olive Brown to Dark Olive Brown. Belly yellow. Uppertail typically saturated Dark Reddish Brown, occasionally with yellower or redder hues. The brown wash on the undertail is mostly absent and less often restricted to the base of the rectrices or edging the black patch at the base of the rectrices (not visible in natural position). Undertail and wing-panel barring densities high with narrow black and light brown bars. Percentage area black moderate on undertail and generally high on wing panel. Bareparts: In males, eye-rings typically blue with minorities blue-grey or white. Tarsi, usually bluegrey, less often grey or sometimes pink to purplishgrey or olive. In females, eye-rings typically blue-grey, sometimes blue and rarely grey. Tarsi blue-grey, pink to purplish-grey or grey, less often olive.

Song: Distinctive song with a high number of notes per phrase, fast pace, moderate introductory note and relatively short loudsong note durations, short pause after the introductory note, high introductory note frequencies, low loudsong note frequencies, moderately wide introductory note bandwidth and wide loudsong note bandwidths.

NMW

Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Aves

Order

Trogoniformes

Family

Trogonidae

Genus

Trogon

Loc

Trogon chrysochloros

Dickens, Jeremy Kenneth, Bitton, Pierre-Paul, Bravo, Gustavo A. & Silveira, Luís Fábio 2021
2021
Loc

Trogon chrysochloros

Trogon chrysochloros Pelzeln J., 1856
Loc

Pothinus atricollis

Pothinus atricollis Cabanis & Heine, 1862
Loc

Trogon chrysochloros

Trogon chrysochloros Pelzeln J, 1868
Loc

Trogon atricollis chrysochloros

Trogon atricollis chrysochloros Berlepsch & Ihering, 1885
Loc

Trogon atricollis (Race A)

Trogon atricollis (Race A) Grant, 1892
Loc

Trogon atricollis

Trogon atricollis Ihering, 1898
Loc

Trogon splendidus

Trogon splendidus Bertoni 1901 .
Loc

Trogon atricollis chrysochloros

Trogon atricollis chrysochloros Hellmayr, 1906
Loc

Trogon atricollis

Trogon atricollis Ihering & Ihering, 1907
Loc

Trogonurus curucui curucui Ridgway, 1911

Trogonurus curucui curucui Ridgway, 1911
Loc

Trogon rufus

Trogon rufus Snethlage, 1914
Loc

Trogonurus curucui curucui Cory, 1919

Trogonurus curucui curucui Cory, 1919
Loc

Trogon curucui curucui

Trogon curucui curucui Sztolcman, 1926
Loc

Trogonurus rufus chrysochloros

Trogonurus rufus chrysochloros Stone, 1928
Loc

Trogon curucui curucui

Trogon curucui curucui Pinto, 1932
Loc

Trogon curucui curucui

Trogon curucui curucui Pinto, 1935
Loc

Trogon curucui chrysochloros

Trogon curucui chrysochloros Pinto, 1935
Loc

Trogonurus rufus rufus Pinto, 1938

Trogonurus rufus rufus Pinto, 1938
Loc

Trogon curucui chrysochloros

Trogon curucui chrysochloros Griscom & Greenway, 1941
Loc

Trogon rufus chrysochloros

Trogon rufus chrysochloros Todd, 1943
Loc

Trogon rufus chrysochloros

Trogon rufus chrysochloros Peters, 1945
Loc

Trogonurus rufus rufus

Trogonurus rufus rufus Camargo, 1946
Loc

Trogon rufus chrysochloros

Trogon rufus chrysochloros Zimmer, 1948
Loc

Trogon rufus chrysochloros

Trogon rufus chrysochloros Pinto, 1950 ,
Loc

Trogon rufus chrysochloros

Trogon rufus chrysochloros Pinto 1978
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