Parhyale darvishi, Momtazi, Farzaneh & Maghsoudlou, Abdolvahab, 2016

Momtazi, Farzaneh & Maghsoudlou, Abdolvahab, 2016, Parhyale darvishi, a new widely distributed amphipod species, in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalidae), Zootaxa 4132 (3), pp. 364-372 : 365-371

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4132.3.4
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0CE9F18B-D986-4FFB-9248-72AD0A634CD4
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6053358
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B27A87DE-FFDB-FF82-95FF-1758FAA1B046
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Parhyale darvishi
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Parhyale darvishi View in CoL sp. nov.

( Figures 2–5 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 )

Types. Holotype male, 8.75 mm, (INIOC 1-28S), Chiruyeh village (26° 42' 42" N 53° 43' 57"E). Allotype female 6.5 mm, (INIOC 1-29S), same data as holotype.

Other material examined. 5 males, 6 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2368), Tiss (25°21'21"N 60°36'15"E); 20 males, 30 females ( ZUTC Amph.2369), Djod (25°27'00"N 59°30'36"E); 9 males, 8 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2370), Sinama Darya (26°56´3”N 56°16´29”E); 5males, 2 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2371), Salakh (26°43'58"N 55°50'2"E); 6 males, 8 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2372), Hamoon (26°58'5" N 56°14'53" E); 2 males, 2females ( INIOC 1-30S) Naz Island (26°48'47"N 56°06'43"E); 1 male, 2 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2373) Shib Deraz (26°41'25.12"N, 55°56'4"E); 5 males, 6 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2374), Tola (26°59'6"N 56°13'3"E); 1 male, 2 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2377), Nakhl-Nakhoda (27°11'21"N 56°21'32"E); 5 males, 8 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2378), Baghestan (27°09'01"N 56°07'38"E); 10 males, 7 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2379), Bostano (27°04'41"N 56°00'01"E); 4 males, 4 females ( INIOC 1-31S), Berke-Soflein (26°44'17"N 55°13'05"E); 4 males, 3 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2380), Hassineh (26°38'35"N 54°22'01"E); 3 males, 7 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2381), Wahab Station (26°42'53"N 54°08'20"E); 6 males, 6 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2382), Chiruyeh (26°42'42"N 53°43'57"E); 7 males, 5 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2383), Lavan Island (26°47'55"N 53°23'15"E); 15 males, 10 females ( INIOC 1-32S), Kish Island (26°31'25"N 54°02'51"E); 5 males, 5 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2384), Nayband (Basatine) (27°23'52"N 52°39'21"E); 2 males, 5 females ( INIOC 1-33S), Bandar Dayyer (27°49'55"N 51°55'24"E); 6 males, 7 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2385), Chapahn (28°20'53"N 51°11'00"E); 42 males, 51 females ( INIOC 1-34S), Bushehr (28°59'51.01"N 50°50'15.31"E); 8 males, 10 females ( INIOC 1-35S) Chahak (29°40'33"N 50°23'13"E); 3 males, 7 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2386), ArvandKenar (29°58'19"N 48°31'00"E); 2 males, 5 females ( ZUTC Amph. 2388).

Type locality. Chiruyeh village (26°42'42"N 53°43'57"E), Persian Gulf, Iran, high intertidal zone.

Etymology. The species is dedicated to Professor Dr Jamshid Darvish, in appreciate of his valuable efforts to Iranian biosystematics community.

Description. Based on holotype, male, 8.75 mm, (INIOC 1-28S).

Body without dorsal carina, eyes present, well developed, oval to reniform. Antenna 1 about half size of antenna 2, flagellum much longer than peduncle, 13 articles. Antenna 2 slightly greater than half of body length, fifth peduncle article equal to fourth and bearing three row of small robust setae; flagellum about twice as long as the peduncle, 21 articles. Upper lip setose distally. Mandible left lacinia mobilis 5-dentate, bearing 4 accessory plumose setae; right mandible with molar bearing a plumose seta. Maxilla 1 palp one articulate, shorter than base of outer lobe, bearing two plumose setae; outer lobe with 9 setal-teeth. Maxilla2 normal for the family. Maxilliped palp article 2 lobate, article 3 with an anterodistal tuft of setae.

Pereon. Gnathopod 1 coxa longer than broad, with well-defined central shelf on posterior margin; basis broadening at the middle, with downward curved setae; merus shorter than carpus, postero-distal acute corner; carpus with robust setae on ventral lobe; propodus broad, expanded distally; palm acute, defined by angle armed with two equal length stout setae, one curved stout seta at outside of defining angle and straight robust seta on inside of defining angle; dactylus reaching to end of palm and medially swollen.

Gnathopod 2 coxa longer than broad, with well-defined central shelf on posterior margin; basis bearing curved setae on dorsal margin, without postero-distal lobe; ischium quadrate; merus with postero-distal acute angle; carpus with small projection between merus and propodus, absent in larger male; propodus oval; palm acute with several stout setae, with two large robust setae on posterodistal corner at beginning; dactylus fitting palm. Pereopods 3–4 alike, without large robust striated setae on propodus. Pereopod 5 much shorter than pereopods 6–7, propodus with 2 medial setae on anterior margin, without setae on posterior margin. Pereopods 6–7 propodus with 3 groups of setae on anterior margin, naked on posterior margin.

Pleon. Epimera 2–3 with semi-quadrate posteroventral corner and two setae on posterior angle. Uropod 1 with a distolateral seta; rami subequal, inner ramus with two setae, outer ramus without marginal seta. Uropod 2 rami subequal, inner ramus with two setae, outer ramus without marginal seta. Uropod 3 biramous, extending beyond the telson; peduncle with a stout seta distally; outer ramus shorter than peduncle with 5 distal robust setae; inner ramus minute, scale-like.

Telson deeply cleft, as long as peduncle of third uropod, subtriangular, apically round, with two apical fine setae on each lobe.

Female (sexually dimorphic characters). Gnathopod 1 carpus lobate; palm transverse, defining angle with a stout seta on each side. Gnathopod 2 slightly larger than gnathopod 1, palm acute, posterior margin with a medial process. Oostegite 2 subtriangular with curl-tipped setae.

Habitat. Material was found on fine sediment and rubbles in high intertidal zone.

Remarks. Members of the genus Parhyale could be divided into two groups by having or lacking setae on the posterior margins of sixth and seventh pereopods. Of the fifteen species in this genus; P. aquiline ( Costa, 1853) , P. eburnea Krapp-Schickel, 1974 , P. explorator Arresti, 1989 , P. fascigera Stebbing, 1897 , P. penicillata Shoemaker, 1956 , P. ptilocerus ( Derzhavin, 1937) , P. t a ur i c a Grintsov, 2009 and P. da r v i s h i lack setae on propodus of sixth and seventh pereopods.

The new species, Parhyale darvishi is distinguished from P. explorator , P. ptilocerus and P. penicillata by having naked second antennae. The five apical robust setae on the outer ramus of third uropod P. darvishi could be considered as a diagnostic character from P. aquiline (3 robust setae) and P. e b ur n e a (2 robust setae). The serrated posterior margin on third epimeron of P. taurica could be assigned as a main difference with P. darvishi .

Parhyale fascigera is very similar to P. d ar v i s hi but the arrangement of stout setae on the palm of first male gnathopod separates this species from our new species. Robust setae on the palm have equal length and the proximal robust seta is incurved in P. d ar v i s hi whereas in P. fascigera the distal robust seta is out-curved and larger ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ).

Other diagnostic characters of P. darvi shi include two fine apical setae on telson, a larger third uropod extending beyond the telson, the basis of second male gnathopod with fine setae on the anterior margin and lack of an antero-distal lobe (instead of P. fascigera where the basis of the second gnathopod is naked with an anterodistal lobe and the telson has no setae).

Biogeographically, the distribution of P. fascigera is limited to the Atlantic Ocean ( Stebbing 1897, Shoemaker 1956), the Gulf of Mexico ( Shoemaker 1933), Galapagos Islands ( Shoemaker 1942) and the Pacific Ocean ( Shoemaker 1956). However, there is no record of P. fascigera in the Indian Ocean. Parhyale darvishi in the present study was widely collected in the southern coasts of Iran, the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman with very different environmental conditions (temperature and salinity).

In addition, with sincere cooperation of Dr. Coleman, the loaned material of Parhyale fascigera from Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB) was studied, with museum catalogue number 20709 (Africa, Cameron), 24916 (Atlantic Ocean), 25063 (Atlantic Ocean). The sixth and seventh pereopods of the museum materials had some grouped setae on the posterior margins of propodus and maybe belongs to P. hawaiensis and not P. fascigera .