Favognathus Luxton, 1973

Doğan, Salih, 2008, A catalogue of cryptognathid mites (Acari: Prostigmata, Cryptognathidae) with the descriptions of a new species of Favognathus Luxton and a newly discovered male of F. amygdalus Doğan and Ayyıldız from Turkey, Journal of Natural History 42 (21 - 24), pp. 1665-1686 : 1672-1680

Genus Favognathus Luxton

Cryptognathus (Favognathus) ( Luxton 1973: 62) . Type species: Cryptognathus cucurbita ( Berlese, 1917)

Favognathus ( Luxton 1987: 113)

Favognathus is better known than Cryptognathus . Thirty-four species are currently recognized in the genus. This genus occurs on all zoogeographical regions. Fourteen species have been found in the Palearctic; six in Neotropical; four in Australasian; four in Nearctic; three in Ethiopian; one in Oriental; one in Palearctic, Ethiopian and Oriental; and one from both Palaearctic and Oriental regions. The most circumglobal species in the genus, Favognathus cucurbita (Berlese) , is seen in the Palearctic, Ethiopian and Oriental regions ( Table 3). Mites of this genus are generally collected from soil, grassy soil, litter, mosses, lichens and barks. Most of these species are primarily associated with moss, moss-covered substrates and litter ( Table 4). In addition there has been a report associated with bark beetles given by Smiley and Moser (1968).

A list of described species of Favognathus Luxton

1. Favognathus acaciae Doğan and Ayyıldız Favognathus acaciae ( Doğan and Ayyıldız 2004: 127) New locality records: Two ♀♀ from moss, Bardakçı Village, Çat, Erzurum, Turkey, 19 May 2001; four ♀♀ from litter and moss under Juniperus sp. , Erzurum-Tortum road 25 km, Turkey, 20 August 2001; 12 ♀♀ from litter and soil under Quercus sp. , Yozgat, Turkey, 3 September 2001. Distribution: Turkey (Erzurum and Yozgat). Habitat: Litter and soil under Acacia sp. and Quercus sp. ; litter under Juniperus sp. ; moss.

Remarks: Prosternal apron bears 14 dimples in type species, but in Yozgat specimens prosternal apron bears 20–22 dimples.

2. Favognathus afyonensis Koç and Akyol Favognathus afyonensis ( Koç and Akyol 2004: 475) Distribution: Turkey (Afyon). Habitat: Litter and soil under cherry, Cerasus vulgaris .

3. Favognathus agapictus (Flechtmann) Cryptognathus agapictus ( Flechtmann 1971: 47)

Favognathus agapictus (Flechtmann) , ( Krisper and Schneider 1998: 200) Distribution: Brazil.

Habitat: In hollow of tree.

4. Favognathus amygdalus Doğan and Ayyıldız Favognathus amygdalus ( Doğan and Ayyıldız 2004: 125) New locality records: Eighteen ♀♀ from moss, Gümüşhane, Turkey, 27 June 1999; two ♀♀ and two „„ from litter and soil under Quercus sp. , Yozgat, Turkey, 3 September 2001; one ♀ from litter under Nerium oleander, Hereke , İzmit, Turkey, 7 July 2005; two ♀♀ from litter and soil under Pinus brutia, Karaisalı , Adana, Turkey, 8 February 2006. Distribution: Turkey (Adana, Erzurum, Gümüşhane, İzmit and Yozgat). Habitat: Litter and soil under Amygdalus communis , Juniperus sp. , Nerium oleander , Pinus brutia and Quercus sp. ; rotten bark of Amygdalus communis ; moss.

5. Favognathus bafranus sp. nov. Doğan Favognathus bafranus Doğan 2008 (this paper). Distribution: Turkey (Samsun). Habitat: Moss on tree.

6. Favognathus barrasi (Smiley and Moser) Cryptognathus barrasi ( Smiley and Moser 1968: 313; McDaniel and Bolen 1990: 179) Favognathus barrasi (Smiley and Moser) , ( Luxton 1987: 113; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 200) Distribution: USA. Habitat: From underside of bark scales of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda not associated with bark beetles; under Pinus taeda bark infested with bark beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis , Ips avulsus , Ips grandicollis and Cerambycidae spp.; moss attached to a longleaf pine, Pinus palustris and a tree.

7. Favognathus cordylus Luxton Favognathus cordylus ( Luxton 1993: 1215; Swift 1996: 86; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 200) Cryptognathus ochraceus Summers and Chaudhri , ( Gerson 1968: 431) Distribution: Israel. Habitat: Pine and citrus litter.

8. Favognathus cucurbita (Berlese) Cryptognathus cucurbita ( Berlese 1917: 132; Thor 1931: 81; Luxton and Lee 1969: 223; Meyer et al. 1973: 14; Bernini et al. 1995: 55) Favognathus cucurbita (Berlese) , ( Luxton 1987: 114; Fan 1997: 132; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 200; Doğan and Ayyıldız 2004: 124) New locality records: Four ♀♀ from vineyard, Elazıg˘, Turkey, 8 September 2001; one ♀ from bark of a lime tree, Tilia sp. , Yuşa Crest, Beykoz, İstanbul, Turkey, 1 July 2005; five ♀♀ from moss on stone, Ayancık, Sinop, Turkey, 5 November 2005. Distribution: China, Ireland, Italy, Sardinia Island, Somalia and Turkey (Elazıg ˘, Erzurum, İstanbul and Sinop).

Habitat: Grassed sand dunes; litter and soil under Tamarix sp. ; tree bark; moss on stone; from vineyard.

9. Favognathus cucurbitellus (Meyer and Ryke) Cryptognathus cucurbita cucurbitella ( Meyer and Ryke 1960: 233) Cryptognathus cucurbitellus Meyer and Ryke , ( Summers and Chaudhri 1965: 320; Meyer et al. 1973: 14) Favognathus cucurbitellus (Meyer and Ryke) , ( Luxton 1987: 113; Meyer and Ueckermann 1989: 4; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 200) Distribution: South Africa. Habitat: Grass and soil from under a bush.

10. Favognathus cypselus Fan Favognathus cypselus ( Fan 1997: 131) Distribution: China. Habitat: From twig of Citrus grandis ; under bark of Bombax malabarica , Camellia sp. , Canarium album , Casuarina equisetifolia , Cunninghamia lanceolata , Eucalyptus tereticornis , Euphorbia longana , Ficus retusa, Grevilla sp., Magnolia sp. , Pinus massoniana , Platanus orientalis and an undetermined tree; litter; moss.

11. Favognathus dakotaensis (McDaniel and Bolen) Cryptognathus dakotaensis ( McDaniel and Bolen 1979: 97) Favognathus dakotaensis (McDaniel and Bolen) , ( Swift 1996: 86; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201) Distribution: USA. Habitat: From a grazed pasture; from a pasture damaged by sod webworm.

12. Favognathus dama (Chaudhri, Akbar and Rasool) Cryptognathus dama ( Chaudhri et al. 1979: 169) Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: From loquat, Eriobotrya japonica .

13. Favognathus denticulatus (Luxton) Cryptognathus denticulatus ( Luxton 1973: 62) Favognathus denticulatus (Luxton) , ( Luxton 1987: 113; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201) Distribution: Australia. Habitat: From sclerophyll forest, Eucalyptus pauciflora , Eucalyptus dalrympleana .

14. Favognathus distinctus Swift Favognathus distinctus ( Swift 1996: 90; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201; Swift and Goff 2001: 28) Distribution: Hawaii. Habitat: Metrosideros sp. bark; bark with moss; soil.

15. Favognathus distortus (Kuznetsov) Cryptognathus distortus (Kuznetsov and Livshitz 1974: 1724; Wainstein and Kuznetzov 1978: 151)

Favognathus distortus (Kuznetsov) , ( Luxton 1987: 113; Fan 1997: 133; Khaustov and Kuznetsov 1997: 81; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201) Distribution: China and Ukraine (Crimea).

Habitat: Plane tree bark.

16. Favognathus erzurumensis Doğan and Ayyıldız Favognathus erzurumensis ( Doğan and Ayyıldız 2002: 371) Distribution: Turkey (Erzurum). Habitat: Moss on soil.

17. Favognathus favus (Summers and Chaudhri) Cryptognathus favus ( Summers and Chaudhri 1965: 317) Favognathus favus (Summers and Chaudhri) , ( Luxton 1987: 113; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201) Distribution: USA. Habitat: Moss

18. Favognathus gersoni Luxton Favognathus gersoni ( Luxton 1993: 1213; Swift 1996: 86; Krisper and Schneider, 1998: 201) Distribution: Israel. Habitat: Moss.

19. Favognathus goffi Swift Favognathus goffi ( Swift 1996: 88; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201; Nishida and Beardsley 2002: 62) Cryptognathus flavus (sic) ( Summers and Chaudhri, 1965), ( Goff 1987: 28) Distribution: Hawaii. Habitat: Soil under Metrosideros sp. ; soil and grass roots along road; nest of Diomedera nigripes .

20. Favognathus insularis (Luxton) Cryptognathus insularis ( Luxton 1973: 64) Favognathus insularis (Luxton) , ( Luxton 1987: 113; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201) Distribution: Niue Island. Habitat: Moss.

21. Favognathus latibarrus Meyer and Ueckermann Favognathus latibarrus ( Meyer and Ueckermann 1989: 4; Swift 1996: 86; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201) Distribution: South Africa. Habitat: From Pteronia paniculata ; from soil.

22. Favognathus leopardus (Luxton) Cryptognathus leopardus ( Luxton 1973: 65) Favognathus leopardus (Luxton) , ( Luxton 1987: 113; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201; Fan and Zhang 2005: 28) Distribution: New Zealand.

Habitat: Debris in burrow of Hexathele hochstetteri ; podocarp litter; bark of Nothofagus sp. ; moss.

23. Favognathus luxtoni Koç and Ayyıldız Favognathus luxtoni ( Koç and Ayyıldız 1999: 622) Distribution: Turkey (Artvin). Habitat: Moss on oak tree.

24. Favognathus magnus (Luxton) Cryptognathus magnus ( Luxton 1973: 62) Favognathus magnus (Luxton) , ( Luxton 1987: 113; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201) Distribution: Australia. Habitat: From Acacia harpophylla scrub.

25. Favognathus maritimus (Shiba) Cryptognathus maritimus ( Shiba 1969: 171; Ehara 1980: 249) Distribution: Japan. Habitat: Litter.

26. Favognathus observabilis (Kuznetsov) Cryptognathus observabilis (Kuznetsov and Livshitz 1974: 1724; Wainstein and Kuznetzov 1978: 150) Favognathus observabilis (Kuznetsov) , ( Luxton 1987: 113; Krisper and Schneider, 1998: 201) Distribution: Ukraine (Crimea). Habitat: Litter under Quercus sp. , Sedum sp. , Sideritis commosa ; forest litter; mosses.

27. Favognathus ochraceus (Summers and Chaudhri) Cryptognathus ochraceus ( Summers and Chaudhri 1965: 318) Favognathus ochraceus (Summers and Chaudhri) , ( Luxton 1987: 113; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201) Distribution: Galapagos Islands. Habitat: Rotten leaves of Tourneyia sp.

28. Favognathus orbiculatus (Livshitz) Cryptognathus orbiculatus ( Kuznetzov and Livshitz 1974: 1726; Wainstein and Kuznetzov 1978: 151; Kuznetzov and Petrov 1984: 93; Khaustov and Kuznetsov 1997: 81) Favognathus orbiculatus (Livshitz) , ( Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201; Koç and Ayyıldız 1999: 626; Doğan and Ayyıldız 2004: 123) New locality records: Two ♀♀ from litter under Juniperus sp. , Pazaryolu, Erzurum, Turkey, 30 October 1999 ; one ♀ from moss, Çatalören, Erzincan, Turkey, 6 May 2001 ; three ♀♀ from litter and moss under Juniperus sp. , Erzurum-Tortum road 25 km, Turkey, 20 August 2001 ; two ♀♀, from moss on stone, Tortum, Erzurum, Turkey, 10 September 2001 ; 18 ♀♀ from soil from hazelnut orchard, Delice, Kırıkkale, Turkey, 16 May 2002 ; one ♀ moss and litter under Pinus sylvestris in graveyard, Erzurum, Turkey, 1 April 2007 .

Distribution: Latvia, Turkey (Artvin, Erzincan, Erzurum and Kırıkkale) and Ukraine (Crimea).

Habitat: Litter under Amygdalus communis , Cotoneaster sp. , Fraxinus excelsior , Juglans regia , Juniperus sp. , Picea sp. , Pinus sylvestris , Populus sp. , Quercus sp. , Tamarix sp. , blackberry, an undefined plant; soil under Amygdalus communis , Astragalus sp. , Fraxinus excelsior , Morus sp. , Populus sp. , Prunus sp. , Rosa canina and Tamarix sp. ; bark of Quercus sp. and Rosa sp. ; grass covered soil; soil on stone; soil from hazelnut orchard; mosses.

29. Favognathus pictus (Summers and Chaudhri) Cryptognathus pictus ( Summers and Chaudhri 1965: 319) Favognathus pictus (Summers and Chaudhri) , ( Luxton 1987: 113; Swift 1996: 95; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201; Swift and Goff 2001: 28) Distribution: Galapagos Islands and Hawaii. Habitat: Soil; dry leaves of Pandanus sp. ; litter of Araucaria sp. , Casuarina sp. and Metrosideros sp. ; bark of Casuarina sp. , Eucalyptus sp. , Prosopis pallida and Schinus terebinthifolius ; litter and soil among introduced plants; moss on Metrosideros sp. bark; moss and lichen on coffee.

30. Favognathus pongolensis Meyer and Ueckermann Favognathus pongolensis ( Meyer and Ueckermann 1989: 2; Swift 1996: 86; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201) Distribution: South Africa. Habitat: From soil.

31. Favognathus rugosus (Livshitz) Cryptognathus rugosus ( Kuznetzov and Livshitz 1974: 1722; Wainstein and Kuznetzov 1978: 150) Favognathus rugosus (Livshitz) , ( Luxton 1987: 113; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201) Distribution: Ukraine (Crimea). Habitat: From bark of oak tree.

32. Favognathus texasensis (McDaniel and Bolen) Cryptognathus texasensis ( McDaniel and Bolen 1979: 93) Favognathus texasensis (McDaniel and Bolen) , ( Swift 1996: 86; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201) Distribution: USA. Habitat: From Venado Sandhills; Riparian ecotone inside edge; Venado Chaperiall ecotone.

33. Favognathus turcicus Koç and Ayyıldız Favognathus turcicus ( Koç and Ayyıldız 1999: 624) Distribution: Turkey (Artvin). Habitat: Litter under Juniperus sp. ; soil including leaf litter to a depth of about 10 cm under Cornus sp. , Quercus sp. and Ulmus sp.

34. Favognathus variabilis Swift Favognathus variabilis ( Swift 1996: 86; Krisper and Schneider 1998: 201; Nishida and Beardsley 2002: 62)

Distribution: Hawaii.

Habitat: Litter of Acacia koa , Casuarina sp. and Panicum sp. ; grass litter; grass roots; Eucalyptus sp. bark.

Description of the male of Favognathus amygdalus Doğan and Ayyıldız 2004