Conosia irrorata ( Wiedemann, 1828 )

Podenas, Sigitas, Park, Sun-Jae, Byun, Hye-Woo, Kim, A-Young, Klein, Terry A. & Aukštikalnienė, Heung-Chul Kim and Rasa, 2020, New data on Limoniinae and Limnophilinae crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea, Journal of Species Research 9 (4), pp. 492-531 : 506-507

Conosia irrorata ( Wiedemann, 1828)

Limnobia irrorata Wiedemann, 1828: 574 .

Limnobia substituta Walker, 1848: 39 .

Limnophila crux Doleschall, 1857: 388-390 .

Conosia irrorata van der Wulp, 1880: 161 ; Alexander, 1955: 341-342; 1964: 377.

General: Body coloration yellowish brown to grayish brown dusted with gray pubescence, covered with abundant small dark brown spots. Body length of male 9.1- 13.9 mm, of female 12.1-14.5 mm, wing length of male 7.2-9.7 mm, of female 8.3-11.2 mm.

Head: Grayish brown densely covered with pruinosity, indistinct rusty brown line along middle of vertex less distinct on tubercle, grayish along eye margin, with semi-erect setae dorsally. Vertex with small tubercle. Head narrows posteriorly. Eyes widely separated dorsally in both sexes, but meet each other ventrally. Antenna 12-segment- ed ( Fig. 6A ), 1.1-1.3 mm long in male, 1.2 mm in female, reaching slightly beyond frontal margin of prescutum, if bent backward, with large, strongly elongate dark brown scape densely covered with gray pruinosity, comparatively big dark brown pedicel, first flagellomere dark brown, distinctly smaller than pedicel, subglobular, but distinctly wider than remaining elongate flagellomeres. Apical flagellomere very short, button-shaped. Longest verticils three times as long as respective segments on basal flagellomeres, twice as long on distal flagellomeres. Rostrum short dark brown, dusted with gray. Palpus dark brown, as long as scape, one segment strongly elongate, remaining palpomeres strongly reduced. Labella dark brown, covered with yellowish setae.

Thorax: Pronotum small, reduced, covered by frontal margin of prescutum dorsally. Mesonotal prescutum large, tubercular pits missing, pseudosutural fovea small and brown. Surface of prescutum covered with abundant small dark spots, and with three darker longitudinal stripes. Median stripe, divided longitudinally by narrow dark line. Scutal lobe same color as prescutal stripe, area between lobes lighter, without dark line along middle. Scutellum yellowish with dense cover of pubescence, with erect golden setae posteriorly and with distinct dark brown line along middle. Katepisternum grayish with distinct dark brown line along middle. Pleuron slightly darker dorsally, lighter ventrally. Katepisternum naked. Meron small, thus second and third pairs of legs close to each other. Wing differs in male and female ( Fig. 6B- D ), wider in male narrower in female. Male wing with large projection of posterior margin at apex of vein A 2. Wing pattern includes numerous small spots scattered through the whole surface and larger spots along frontal margin. Venation: arculus present, numerous cross-veins in costal cell, R 2 short distance from base of R 3, r-m at the base of M 1 + 2, cell m 1 about 1.5 times as long as its stem, discal cell elongate (distinctly shorter in Australian specimen), m-cu oblique, short distance beyond base of discal cell. Distal part of anal vein distinctly arched. Anal angle small, widely rounded. Length of male halter 1.0- 1.5 mm, of female 1.1-1.5 mm. Tibial spurs lacking. Male femur I: 3.6-5.3 mm long, II: 4.7-6.1 mm, III: 5.3-7.7 mm, tibia I: 4.4-6.3 mm, II: 4.2-4.8 mm, III: 5.3-6.5 mm, tarsus I: 3.4-6.0 mm, II: 2.9-4.1 mm, III: 2.7-4.3 mm. Female femur I: 4.9 mm long, tibia I: 6.25 mm. Claw simple spineless.

Abdomen: Distinctly elongate and extending beyond wing apices in both sexes, grayish-brownish yellow with abundant small dark spots scattered on tergites and sternites. Spots becoming denser towards distal end. Male genitalia ( Fig. 6E ) narrow, not wider than remaining abdominal segments. Gonocoxite elongate, simple without ventro-mesal lobe, two pairs of terminal gonostyli. Interbase long and narrow, sometimes with modified apex. Penis simple long and narrow ( Fig. 6F, G ). Ovipositor ( Fig. 6H ) with long arched and sclerotized cercus and distinctly shorter hypovalva, usually reaching to about middle of cercus.

Elevation range in Korea: From sea level to more than 1800 m.

Period of activity in Korea: Adults are active from early April to late September.

Habitats: Meadow at pond margin at the edge of broadleaved forest. The localities it especially favors are along small streams away from trees ( Wood, 1952). Larvae were found in the wet, sandy gravel and reddish silt on the edge of a small trickle of water two to three inches in depth ( Wood, 1952). Adults are attracted to light.

General distribution: Species is widely spread across warm territories of Palearctic and Oriental Regions, Australia, and Oceania islands. This species was already recorded from North and South Korea.

Examined material ( Fig. 16F ): 1 male (pinned), N. Korea, Seren Mts. , 2000 ft., 1938.08.18, A. Y. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 1 male (pinned), N. Korea, Seren Mts. , 2000- 2500 ft., 1938.08.21 -22, A. Y. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 1 male (pinned), N. Korea, Kankyo Nando, Puksu Pyaksan , alt. 6000 ft., 1939.07.29, A. Y. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 2 females (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani , 4000-4500 ft., 1940.07.08, A. Y. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani , 4500 ft., 1940.07.12, A. Y. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 1 female (pinned), [S.] Korea, Kwangju, 1946.04.3 -8, S. Kramer ( USNM) ; 2 males (pinned), Korea, #6, Hwy, #13, 6 mi., E. Seoul, 1 mi., W. Han River , alt. 150 ft., 1954.05.20, G. W. Byers ( SMEK) ; 1 male (pinned), S. Korea, #27, Hwy, #13, 6 mi, E. Seoul, 1 mi., W. Han River , alt. 150 ft., 1954.08.19, G. W. Byers ( SMEK) ; 1 male (pinned), Korea, 1959.08, Davis Trap 8 ( USNM) ; 1 male (pinned), Korea, 1959.08, Davis Trap 16 ( USNM) ; 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pyongyang City, Mt. Daesong-san, No 554, 1979.09.20, T. Vásárkelyi ( HNHM) ; 3 females (pinned), S. Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Paju-si, Jinseo-myeon, Eoryong-ri , Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission Camp , N 37.95467, E 126.67997, alt. 32 m, 2015.07.08, T. E. Klein, H.-C. Kim, Mosquito Magnet, ( NIBR) ; 1 male (pinned), S. Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Paju-si, Jinseo-myeon, Eoryong-ri , Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission Camp , N 37.95467, E 126.67997, alt. 32 m, 2015.08.05, T. E. Klein, H.-C. Kim, Mosquito Magnet, ( NIBR) ; 1 male, 1 female (pinned), S. Korea, Jeju-do, Cheju, Jochon-eup, Seonheul-ri , N 33.50994, E 126.71541, alt. 151 m, 2017.05.23 (3), coll. S. Podenas, at light ( NIBR) ; 1 female (in EtOH), S. Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Paju-si, Jindong-myeon, Dongpa-ri , Bonifas , N 37.92582, E 126.77410, alt. 19 m, 2017.08.16, T. A. Klein, H.-C. Kim, NJ trap ( NIBR) ; 1 female (in EtOH), S. Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Pocheon-si, Yeongjung-myeon, Yeongpyeong-ri , MPRC, N 38.03644, E 127.23226, alt. 150 m, 2017.08.22, T. A. Klein, H.-C. Kim, NJ trap ( NIBR) ; 1 male (in EtOH), S. Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Paju-si, Gunnae-myeon, Jeongja-ri , Warrior Base Training Area , N 37.91777, E 126.74159, alt. 18 m, 2017.08.28, T. A. Klein, H.-C. Kim, NJ trap ( NIBR) ; 1 male (in EtOH), S. Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Paju-si, Gunnae-myeon, Jeongja-ri , Warrior Base Training Area , N 37.91777, E 126.74159, alt. 18 m, 2019.06.26, T. A. Klein, H.-C. Kim, NJ trap ( NIBR) . Compared also with : 2 males (pinned) Japan, Kioto, 1914.05.25, A. Nohira ( USNM) ; 1 female (pinned), [ Japan], Kamuikotan , Hokkaido, 1922.08.22, T. Esaki ; 2 males (slide-mounted), Philippines, Lucban, Luzon, Tayabas Prov. , 1926.05, R. C. Mc Gregor ( USNM) ; 1 male (pinned), South China, Canton, Honem Island , P’an-yu District , 1936.09.28, J.K. To ( USNM) ; 1 male (slide-mounted), N. Solomon Island, Bougainville I., alt. 1000 ft., 1944.IX- XI, J. Laffoon ( USNM) ; 1 male (pinned), Japan, Hokkaido, Sapporo, Kotoni , 1953.08.10, S. Kuwayama ( USNM) ; 1 male (slide-mounted), Angola, Alto Chicapa, Tchimbona river , 1954.08, ANG. 3739.1, Machado ( USNM) ; 1 male (slide-mounted), S. Rhodesia [ Zimbabwe], Salisbury , 1956.04.07, Smithers ( USNM) ; 1 male (slide-mounted), India, Kumam, Almora, Bagheswar , alt. 3200 ft., 1958.09.23, J. Schmid ( USNM) ; 1 female (slide-mounted), Java, Buitenzorg , 1969.01.10, B. & P. ( USNM) ; 1 male (pinned), Australia, Queensland, Babinda , 1920.01, scrub leaves ( ANSP) ; 1 male (pinned) China, Soochow, From N GistGee ( ANSP) ; 1 male (pinned), China, Anhui Province, Wuhu City , Nanling County, 2017.01.01, Q. Men ( NRC) .

Figures

Fig. 6. Conosia irrorata (Wiedemann, 1828). A. male antenna. B. male wing. C. male wing, variation. D. female wing. E. male genitalia, dorsal view. F, G. edeagal complex. H. ovipositor, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.3mm.

Fig. 16. Distribution maps of Korean Limoniidae crane flies.A. Dicranomyia (Erostrata) submelas. B. Dicranoptycha venosa. C. Austrolimnophila(Archilimnophila) subunicoides. D. A.(A.) unica. E. A.(Austrolimnophila) asiatica. F. Conosia irrorata. G. Dicranophragma (Brachylimnophila) transitorium. H. D.(Dicranophragma) melaleucum melaleucum. I. Eloeophila persalsa. J. E. serenensis. K. E. subaprilina. L. E. ussuriana ussuriana. M. E. yezoensis. N. Paradelphomyia chosenica. O. P. macracantha.