Cyrtocapsus pallipes (Distant)

Henry, Thomas J., 2022, Revision of the New World Plant Bug Genus Cyrtocapsus (Heteroptera: Miridae Bryocorinae: Eccritotarsini), with New and Revised Synonymies, Lectotype Designations, and Descriptions of 12 New Species, Zootaxa 5154 (1), pp. 1-48 : 30-33

Cyrtocapsus pallipes (Distant) , revised status and new combination

( Figs. 44, 45 , 89, 90 )

Pirithous pallipes Distant, 1884: 302 (original description; Guatemala); Carvalho & Dolling 1976: 803 (lectotype designation [as synonym of C. caligineus (Stål) ]). Synonymized by Reuter, 1892: 393.

Hemisphaerodella mirabilis Reuter, 1908b: 297 (original description; Cuba); Blatchley 1928: 13 (description, distribution); Maldonado Capriles 1969: 16 (description, distribution); Henry and Wheeler 1988: 266 (catalog). Synonymized with C. caligineus (Stål) by Henry & Carvalho, 1987: 292. Revised synonymy.

Cyrtocapsus caligineus aureopubescens: Knight, 1926: 102 (original description; Florida); Henry & Wheeler, 1988: 266 (catalog); Schuh, 1995: 542 (catalog, as synonym). Revised synonymy.

Lopesiella mirabilis Wygodzinsky, 1946: 335 (original description; Goiás, Brazil). Synonymized with Hemisphaerodella miriabilis Reuter by Carvalho, 1955: 223; synonymized with Cyrtocapsus caligineus (Stål) by Henry & Carvalho, 1987: 292. Revised synonymy.

Cyrtocapus caligineus (of authors): Uhler, 1886: 19 (combination); Van Duzee, 1917: 359 (catalog); Blatchley 1926: 867 (description); Carvalho, 1957: 95 (combination, catalog); Maldonado 1969: 15 (description, host); Alayo 1974: 19 (diagnosis, distribution, host); Bruner et al. 1975: 287 (host); Henry & Carvalho, 1987: 292 (note, key); Henry & Wheeler, 1988: 265 (catalog); Maes & Carvalho 1989: 9 (distribution, host); Perez-Gelabert 2008: 185 (checklist); Schuh, 1995: 542 (catalog), 2002–2013 (online catalog); Wheeler 2001: 52, 152 (note, host); Perez-Gelabert 2020: 243 (checklist); Hernández & Henry 2010: 35 (diagnosis, hosts).

Diagnosis. Cyrtocapsus pallipes ( Figs. 44, 45 ) is recognized by the black body, whitish antenna, and the mostly whitish legs, with only the middle and hind coxae dark brown.

It is most similar to C. caligineus ( Figs. 13, 14 ) and C. grenadensis ( Figs. 29, 30 ) in having a black body, whitish antenna, mostly whitish legs with brown middle and hind coxae, and generally similar male parameres. Cyrtocapsus caligineus differs from C. pallipes in having the embolium and apical third of the corium brownish yellow to brownish orange and the front coxa dark brown, and C. grenadensis differs by the distinctly smaller size, the partially brownish-orange embolium, and dark brown front coxa.

Description. Male ( Fig. 44 ) (n = 5): Length to apex of membrane 3.42–3.68 mm, length to base of cuneus 2.27–2.43 mm, widest width across hemelytra 1.41–1.65 mm. Head: Width 0.85–0.90 mm, interocular width 0.42– 0.45 mm. Labium: Length 0.85–0.90 mm. Antenna: Segment I length 0.45–0.48 mm; II, 0.67–0.70 mm; III (n = 3), 0.45–0.48 mm; IV (n = 3), 0.51–0.62 mm. Pronotum: Median length 0.85–0.91 mm, basal width 1.38–1.39 mm.

Coloration: Head black dorsally and ventrally, pale brown on sides; eyes dark reddish brown. Labium yellowish white. Antennal segments I and II pale yellowish white to white, segments III and IV pale brown. Pronotum and scutellum uniformly black. Hemelytron black, with corium somewhat paler dark brown; membrane translucent white, veins and inside of areole fuscous. Ventral surface, including ostiolar auricle, fuscous to black. Hind and middle coxae dark brown, front coxa and remainder of legs pale yellowish white to white.

Texture and vestiture: Head weakly shiny, rugose, and finely punctate, with dense silvery, sericeous setae, especially along inner margins of eyes and median line. Pronotum shiny, disc with large, dense punctures, collar and calli more finely punctate; calli prominent, separated by a deep pit; anterior third around calli and collar with dense silvery, sericeous setae, disc with a few clumps of silvery, sericeous setae, intermixed with more scattered setae. Hemelytron dull, impunctate, with numerous loose patches of silvery, sericeous setae.

Male genitalia: Left paramere ( Fig. 89 ) stout, C-shaped. Right paramere ( Fig. 90 ) oval and apically pointed.

Female ( Fig. 45 ) (n = 5): Length to apex of membrane 3.36–3.68 mm, length to base of cuneus 2.24–2.46 mm, widest width across hemelytra 1.54–1.70 mm. Head: Width 0.83–0.88 mm, interocular width 0.40–0.43 mm. Labium: Length 0.83–0.86 mm. Antenna: Segment I length 0.43–0.50 mm; II, 0.61–0.67 mm; III, 0.38–0.50 mm; IV, 0.66–0.77 mm. Pronotum: Median length 0.82–0.90 mm, basal width 1.31–1.41 mm.

Host. This species (as C. caligineus by previous authors) has been listed from Convolvulus nodiflorus Desr. [ Convolvulaceae ] (Zayas (1989), Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamb. [ Convolvulaceae ] ( Maldonado Capriles 1969), and Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf. [ Convolvulaceae ] ( Bruner et al. 1975). Mead (1988) reported it heavily infesting sweet potato, I. batatas , in a Brevard County, Florida, nursery. One collection from West Palm Beach, Florida, among specimens examined indicated it was “severe on morning glory.” Records from Ananas comosus Raf. [ Bromeliaceae ], Cucurbita maxima Duchesne [ Cucurbitaceae ] and inflorescences of Asteraceae ( Bruner et al. 1945, 1975) were considered incidental by Hernández & Henry (2010). The record of four specimens from Miami-Dade Co., Florida, taken on Hamelia patens Jacq. (as H. erecta Jacq. ) [Rubiaceaee] also is likely an incidental record, perhaps, with an Ipomoea sp. vine growing nearby.

Distribution. Previously reported (as C. caligineus ) from Brazil, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, and the United States (Florida) ( Carvalho 1957), Nicaragua ( Maes & Carvalho 1989), Puerto Rico ( Maldonado Capriles 1969), Dominican Republic ( Henry & Carvalho 1987), and Cuba ( Hernández & Henry 2010). Records from Brazil, Paraguay ( Carvalho 1957), and Peru ( Schuh 2002 -2013) are referred the true C. caligineus . New country records include Costa Rica, Dominica, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama, and St. Croix, St. Kitts, and St. Vincent, West Indies. California and Texas are new U.S. state records.

Discussion. The syntypes of Capsus caligineus Stål (1859) are conspecific with C. andinus Carvalho , not C. caligineus of authors. Both specimens are labeled as from “California.” Because this species is known from only South America ( Argentina, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru), it seems clear that Stål’s (1859) notation that the specimens were from San Francisco, California (see Persson 1971 for documentation of “Eugenies resa” localities) is in error.

The best explanation is that Stål (1859) incorrectly indicated the specimens were from “California (S:t. Franscisco),” and actually were collected during a different part of the expedition or taken at another locality with the name California. The next available name for C. caligineus of authors is Pirithous pallipes Distant, 1884 , described from Guatemala.

I also note that the male genitalia of C. caligineus , C. grenadensis , and C. pallipes are extremely similar. However, the shared dark brown front, middle, and hind coxae and partially to completely brownish-orange embolium of C. caligineus and C. grenadensis consistently distinguish them from C. pallipes that has pale or white front coxae and a uniformly black hemelytron. In addition, the larger size and entirely pale embolium and apical area of the corium separates C. caligineus from C. grenadensis . Nevertheless, our understanding of the relationships among the species of this complex would benefit from long host-associated series, combined with information gleaned from molecular-sequencing studies.

Type material examined. Lectotype ♀ of Pirithous pallipes (left specimen of two on one card; paralectotype ♀ on right side): label 1) “ S. Geronimo, Guatemala. Champion”; label 2) “ B. C. A. Hem. Cyrtocapsus caligineus ”; 3) label 3 (handwritten) “ Pirithous pallipes Dist. ”; label 4 (circular label with blue ring) “ Paralectotype ”; label 5 (circular label with purple ring) “Lectototype” [in NMNH, London]. There are also 3 females on cards with the same data as for the lectotype and one carded possible female (abdomen difficult to see on card) from Bugaba, Panama.

Paratype nymph of Lopesiella mirabilis Wygodzinsky : Label 1) “ Goias, Brasil, [one handwritten word illegible], Carvalho col.”; label 2, “Brit. Mus., 1946-348"; label 3 (red label) “ Paratype ”; label 4 (circular label with yellow ring) “ Paratype ”; label 5, “ Lopesiella mirabilis Wygodzinsky (handwritten). Wygodzinsky del. (printed)” [in BMNH, London] .

Other specimens examined. BELIZE: 1 ♀, [as British Honduras] San Pedro Sula, Aug. 1975, N.L.H. Krauss ( AMNH) . COSTA RICA: 3 ♀♀, San Pedro de Montes de Oca , 3 Feb. 1935, C.H. Ballou, on Ipomoea tilacea (USNM) ; 4 ♀♀, Heredia, Sept. 1953, N.L.H. Krauss ( AMNH) ; 1 ♀, San Jose, 1100–1200 m, Aug. 1980, N.L.H. Krauss ( AMNH) ; 1 ♀, Guanacaste, Canus , 80–100 m, Jul. 1981, N.L.H. Krauss ( AMNH) . CUBA: 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Soledad , nr. Cienfuego, 6–20 Aug., N. Banks ( AMNH) ; 1 ♀, Soledad, 6 Jan. 27, C.T. Brues ( AMNH) . DOMINICA: 1 ♂, 7–30 1941, R.G. Fennah ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, Oct. 1962, F. Bennett ( NHM) . DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: 1 ♂, Espaillat Prov., 27 Aug. 1967, J.C. Schaffner ( USNM) ; Espaillat Prov., 6 mi. N San Victor , 22 Aug. 1967, J.C. Schaffner ( TAMU) ; 5 ♀♀, San Cristobal Prov., 3 mi. W Haina , 18–19 Aug. 1967, J.C. Schaffner ( TAMU) ; 1 ♂, San Cristobal Prov., 14 Aug. 1967, J.C. Schaffner ( TAMU) ; 1 ♂, San Cristobal Prov., Cambita Garabitos , 28 Aug. 1967, J.C. Schaffner ( TAMU) . 1 ♂, Pedernales Prov., 21 km N Cabo Rojo , bauxite rd., 1 July 1998, R.E. Woodruff, at black light ( USNM) . 1 ♀, San Juan Prov. , 19 Oct. 1967 ( NHM) ; 1 ♂, Stgo Caballeros , July 1969, M. Maldonado C. ( NHM) ; 3 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, San Cristobal Prov., at Blanton mine N of San Christobal, 26, July 1916, H. Morrison ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 3 miles west Haina , 18 Aug. 1967, J.C. Schaffner ( USNM) . EL SALVADOR: 1 ♀, Sta. Tecla , Oct. 1959, N.L.H. Krauss ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, SC Porrillo , 5 June 1958, L.J. Bottimer ( USNM) . GUATEMALA: 1 ♀, El Jicaro, Verapaz [no date], Champion ( NHM) ; 1 ♂, Cerro Zunil, Champion ( NHM) ; 1 ♀, Coban , Aug. 1953, N.L.H. Krauss ( AMNH) ; 1 ♀, Escuintla, 20 Aug. 1975, N.L.H. Krauss ( AMNH) . HAITI: 21 ♂♂, 30 ♀♀, Fond Parisien , 11–18 Feb. 1922, alt. 60 ft. [no collector] ( AMNH) ; 1 ♂, Port au Prince & Vic., 6 Oct 1934, Darlington ( AMNH) . HONDURAS: 1 ♀, Aguan Valley, Culuco , 18 May 1978, G.V. Manley ( TAMU) . JAMAICA: 1 ♀, Kingston, Dec. 1967, N.L.H. Krauss ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Moneqgue , Jan. 19, W. S. Brooks ( AMNH) ; 1 ♀, Newcastle , 16–20 Feb., E /B/ Bryant ( AMNH) ; 1 ♀, Whitefield Hall, Blue Tms. , nr. 4200 ft, Aug. 13–20, Darlington ( ANMH) . MEXICO: Baja Sur : 2 ♀♀, Sierra de la Laguna, 6000’, La Laguna, 17.3 air mi. ENE Todos Santos , 14–16 Dec. 1979, M.S. Wasbaurer, Malaise trap ( CSCD) ; 1 ♀, Los Barriles , 27–28 Apr. 1979, M.S. Wasbauer, Malaise trap ( CSCD) ; 10 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Playa Los Cerritos , 8 Oct. 1983, F. Andrews & D. Faulkner ( CSCA) ; 6 ♂♂, Ramal de Naranjas, 6 mi. W Hwy. 1, nr Santa Anita , 11 Oct. 1983, F. Andrews & D. Faulkner, blacklight ( CSCD) ; 1 ♀, Candelaria , 19 Jul. 1990, R. Wharton ( TAMU) . Campeche: 1 ♀, Campeche, Champaton , Oct. 1954, N.L.H. Krauss ( USNM) ; 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Campeche, 6 mi. N Escarcega , 9 Oct. 1976, Cate & Clark ( TAMU) . Chiapas: 2 ♂♂, 10 km NE of Tuxtla Gutierrez , 18 Aug. 1966, J. & W. Ivie ( AMNH) . Colima: 1 ♂, Colima, 9 mi. NW of Comala , 17–18 Jul. 1983, Kovarik, Harrison, & Schaffner ( TAMU) ; 1 ♀, 10.6 mi. N Manzanillo , 4 Aug. 1988, Ferreira & Schaffner ( TAMU) . Guerrero: 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Guerrero, 4 km S Cacamhuamilpa-Taxco , 1200 m, 21 Nov. 2008, 18º39.1’N, 99.30.2’ W, T.J. Henry, H. Brailovsky, & L. Cervantes, ex Ipomoea sp. ( USNM) . Jalapa : 2 ♀♀, Jalapa , 1959, N.L.H. Krauss ( USNM) . Nayarit: 1 ♂, San Blas, Mantauchen Beach , 9 Sept. 1966, J. & W. Ivie ( AMNH) . Oaxaca: 1 ♀, Oaxaca, 5 mi. N of Candelaria Loxicha , 19 Jul. 1974, Clark, Murray, Ashe, & Schaffner ( TAMU) . San Luis Potosi: 2 ♀♀, San Luis Potosi, Tamazunchale , 7 Mar. 1946, J.C. Caldwell ( USNM) ; 4 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, San Luis Potosi, 7 mi. N San Vincente (S of Tamuin ), 16 Jul. 1980, Schaffner, Weaver, & Firedlander ( TAMU) ; San Luis Potosi, 8 mi. E Tamazuchale , 14–15 Mar. 1977, Gruetzmacher, Sweet, Jordon, & Schaffner ( TAMU) ; 1 ♀, Mun Xilitla, Xilital , 700 m, 19 Mar. 1988, P. Kovarik, R.W. Jones, tropical evergreen forest ( TAMU) . Tabasco: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Tabasco, Teapa , Feb. & Mar., H.H. Smith ( NHM) ; 2 ♀♀, 1 km E Xolol , between Ciudad Valles & Tamazunchale, ca 500 m, 18 Aug. 1978, Henry, Schaffner, & Schuh ( AMNH) . Tamaulipas: 5 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Tamaulipas, Victoria , Nov. 1954, N.L.H. Krauss ( USNM) ; 9 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, Tamaulipas, 1.1 mi. W of Gomes Farias , 20 Mar. 1986, J.C. Schaffner ( TAMU) ; 6 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀, Tamaulipas, 74 mi. S Cd. Victoris (W of Gomez Farias ), 15 Nov. 1985, P. Koarik, R. Jones, and K. Hack ( TAMU) ; 5 ♀♀, Tamaulipas, Gomez Farias , 13 Feb. 1986, R.W. Jones ( TAMU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tamaulipas, 3.5 km W Gomez Farias , 550 m, (at blacklight), 24 May 1987, R.W. Jones ( TAMU) ; 3 ♀♀, Tamaulipas, Mpio: Liera de Canales , 5 mi. N Encino, 8 Mar. 1986, 220 m, Jones, Kovarik, & Haack ( TAMU) ; 3 ♀♀, 1 km E Gomez Farias , 20 Mar. 1987, P.W. Kovarik ( TAMU) ; 1 ♀, Canon La Libertad , 6 mi. NW Cd. Victoria, 7 Mar. 1986, Jones, Haack, & Kovarik ( TAMU) . Veracruz: Cordoba , 22 Nov. 1953, July 1965, N.L.H. Kraus ( USNM) ; 7♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Veracruz, Veracruz, Nov. 1954, N.L.H. Krauss ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, Veracruz, 6 mi. N. Riconada, 25 Sept. 1976, W.E. Clark ( TAMU) ; 1 ♀, Veracruz, env. of Catemaco , 27 Dec. 979, P.W. Kovarik ( TAMU) ; 6 ♀♀, Veracruz, 3 km S of Coatepec , 1300 m, 19º27’N, 97º00.7’W, 17 Nov. 2003, T.J. Henry & E. Barrera, ex Ipomoea sp. ( USNM) . 1 ♀, Yucatan, Merida , Nov. 1961, N.L.H. Krauss ( USNM) . NICARAGUA: 1 ♂, Los Brasiles, Mangua , 22–23 Jul. 1970, L.H. Rolston ( TAMU) ; 1 ♂, Esteli, 13.4 mi. NW Sabaco , 17 June 1972, R.R. & M.E. Murray ( TAMU) . Yucatan : 1 ♀, Chichen Itza , 13 Sept. 1952, J. & D. Pallister ( AMNH) . PANAMA: 5 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, Chiriqui Pr., Cerro Horqueta Rd. , 1 km N Boquete, elev. 1300 m, 2 Jul. 1996, Gillogly & Schaffner ( TAMU) ; 7 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, Chiriqui Pr. , 7 km W Boquete, 1600 mm, 9 Sept. 1998, Gillogly & Stockwell ( TAMU) ; Chiriqui Prov., 5 km NW Hornito , 08º41’08”N, 82º15’17”W, el. 3160 ft., 7 Aug. 1999, J.B. Woolley ( TAMU) ; 1 ♀, Chiriqui Pr., Finca La Suiza , 1 km SE Hornito, 8 May 1993, A.R. Gilllogy, UV light ( TAMU) ; 1 ♂, Chiriqui Prov., 2 km S Hornito , 20 June 1995, el. 1100 m, A.R. Gillogly, on mistletoe ( TAMU . PUERTO RICO: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Arecibo, 1–4 Mar. 1914 [no collector] ( AMNH) ; 2 ♀♀, Parkhurst Grove , Bayamon, 26 June 1917, H. Morrison ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Rio Piebras , 16 Mar. 1932, Anderson, on sweet potato ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, San Juan , 9–12 Jul. 1914 [no collector] ( AMNH) ; 2 ♂♂, Quebradillas, Apr. 1960, J. Maldonado C., on Ipomoea (USNM) ; 1 ♂, El Verde , June 1967, J. Maldonado C. ( USNM) ; 15 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀, 10 nymphs, Isabela, 10 Mar. 1970, J. Maldonado C. ( USMM) . USA: California: 1 ♂, Santa Barbara Co., Santa Cruz Isl. , 30 Oct. 1960, Keenan & Robinson ( CSCA) . Florida: 1 ♂, Broward Co., 29 mi. S South Bay , 13 Dec. 1985, R.S. Miller ( TAMU) . 1 ♀, Hendry Co., LaBelle , 16 Jul. 1939, P. Oman ( USNM) . 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Florida, Indian River Co., Vero Beach , 13 Jan. 1944, [no collector], on Ipomoea batatas (USNM) 3 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 2 nymphs, Lee Co., Royal Palm Park , March 1930, W.S.B. ( NHM) ; 1 ♂, Ft. Myers , 18 Sept. 1957, JPK, at light ( USNM) . 3 ♀♀, [Miami-Dade Co.] Bisc. Bay , Mrs. A.T. Slosson [no date] ( AMNH) ; 2 ♂♂, Miami-Dade Co., Coconut Grove , 20 May 1944 [no collector], on Ipomoea sp. ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Miami , 5 Nov. 1911, [no collector] ( AMNH) ; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Miami-Dade Co., Naranja , 9 May 1945, [no collector], on Hamelia erecta (USNM) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Paradise Key , Feb.-Mar. 1919, Schwartz & Barber ( USNM) . 1 ♀, Okeechobee Co., Ft. Drum, 12 Sept.?1908, A. Fredholm ( USNM) . 1 ♂, Orange Co., 11 Jan. 1930, Florida Fruit Fly Trap Survey, J.E. Sadler ( USNM) . 1 ♀, Palm Beach Co., Lake Worth , 2/6 [18]87, O. Heidemann ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, 4 fifth-instar nymphs, West Palm Beach , 11 Sept. 1961, W.E. Browning, “severe” on morning glory ( USNM) . 4 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, Pinellas Co., Dunedin , 7 Mar. 1927, W.S. Blatchley ( USNM) . 2 ♀♀, Seminole Co., Sanford , 9 Apr. 1928, E.D. Ball ( USNM) . 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, St. Lucie Co., Ft. Pierce, 11 Dec. 1943, [no collector] on Ipomoea batatas (USNM) ; 1 ♀, Lakewood , 1 Oct. 1987, E.W. Campbell ( USNM) . 1 ♂, Sumpter Co., Fruit Fly Trap Survey , 17 Feb. 1930, O.C. Tigner ( USNM) . Texas: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 nymphs, Cameron Co., Brownsville, 11–10–44, [no collector], on morning glory leaves ( USNM) ; 6 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, Cameron Co., Brownsville , 8 June–11 July 1970, V. V. Board, Gates, & Hafernik ( TAMU) . 3 ♀♀, one nymph, Hidalgo Co., Thayer , 13 Dec. 1939, on weeds ( USNM) . ST. CROIX: 8 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 11 Mar. 1920, G.E. Wilson, on sweet potato ( USNM) . ST. KITTS: 5 ♀♀, 10 Sept. 1943, R.G. Fennah, on sweet potato ( USNM) . ST. VINCENT: 2 ♀♀, H.H. Smith, 95-306 ( NHM) .

Figures

FIGURES 40–48. Habitus images of Cyrtocapsus spp. 40, 41, C. metafemoratus. 40, male, dorsal aspect. 41, holotype female, dorsal aspect. 42, 43, C. nordestinus. 42, male, dorsal aspect. 43, male, lateral aspect. 44, 45, C. pallipes. 44, male, dorsal aspect. 45, female, dorsal aspect. 46, 47, C. paraensis, holotype female (of C. bolivianus). 46, dorsal aspect. 47, lateral aspect. 48, C. paraguaiensis, holotype female, dorsal aspect.

FIGURES 85–98. Male genitalia of Cyrtocapsus spp. 85, 86, C. mesoamericanus. 85, left paramere. 86, right paramere. 87, 88, C. metafemoratus. 87, left paramere. 88, right paramere. 89, 90, C. pallipes. 89, left paramere. 90, right paramere. 91, 92, C. paraguaiensis. 91 left paramere. 92, right paramere. 93, 94, C. rostratus. 93, left paramere. 94, right paramere. 95, 96, C. schaffneri. 95, left paramere. 96 right paramere. 97, 98, C. spatulatus. 97, left paramere. 98, right paramere.

FIGURES 8–17. Habitus images of Cyrtocapsus spp. 8, 9,Cyrtocapsus apicalis, holotype male.8, dorsal aspect. 9, lateral aspect. 10–12, C. atrametatibialis. 10, male, dorsal aspect. 11, male, lateral aspect. 12, female, dorsal aspect. 13, 14, C. caligineus. 13, male, dorsal aspect. 14, female, dorsal aspect. 15, 16, C. columbiensis. 15, male, dorsal aspect. 16, female, dorsal aspect. 17, C. costatus, holotype male, dorsal aspect.

FIGURES 29–39. Habitus images of Cyrtocapsus spp. 29, 30, C. grenadensis. 29, male, dorsal aspect. 30, female, dorsal aspect. 31, C. guianus, holotype female, dorsal aspect. 32, 33, C. haitianus. 32, male dorsal aspect. 33, female, dorsal aspect. 34, C. intermedius, female, dorsal aspect. 35, 36, C. lazelli. 35, male, dorsal aspect. 36, female, dorsal aspect. 37, 38, C. marginatus. 37, lectotype male, dorsal aspect. 38, paralectotype female, dorsal aspect. 39, C. mesoamericanus, holotype male, dorsal aspect.