Caridina kaili, Wowor, Daisy, 2015

Wowor, Daisy, 2015, The atyid shrimps from Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia with description of two new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea), Zootaxa 3957 (5), pp. 501-519 : 510-514

Caridina kaili sp. nov.

( Figs. 5–6 , 8 C)

Material examined. Holotype: ovigerous female (eggs with eyes), cl 5.2 mm ( MZB Cru 3797), Uwe Kaongko, Lake Lindu catchment, 01°18’57.2”S 120°03’08.4”E, on gravel, coll. Annawaty & D. Wowor, 15 Nov 2011. Paratypes: 25 males, cl 4.7–6.0 mm, 46 females, cl 4.4–5.6 mm, 14 ovigerous females, 5.4–6.8 mm ( MZB Cru 3798), same data as holotype; 1 male, 1 female, 1 ovigerous female ( ZRC), same data as holotype; 13 males, cl 3.4–4.5 mm, 17 females, cl 4.6–6.7 mm, 11 ovigerous females, cl 5.1–5.7 mm ( MZB Cru 3799), Uwe Kumo, Lake Lindu catchment, 01°16’46.3”S 120°04’05.8”E, on gravel, boulders, roots of macrophytes, coll. Annawaty & D. Wowor, 20 Nov 2011; 20 males, cl 4.4–5.5 mm, 11 females, cl 5.1–6.0 mm, 28 ovigerous females, cl 5.0– 6.3 mm ( MZB Cru 3800), Uwe Tokaroru, Lake Lindu catchment, 01°17’08.7”S 120°07’15.5”E, on gravel and water moss, coll. Annawaty & D. Wowor, 13 Nov 2011; 17 males, cl 3.9–5.1 mm, 22 females cl 5.0– 6.2 mm, 18 ovigerous females, cl 5.1–6.0 mm, 1 male, cl 4.8 mm, dissected ( MZB Cru 3801), Uwe Lembosa, Lake Lindu catchment, 01°19’44.6”S 120°09’03.2”E, on gravel and roots of macrophytes, coll. Annawaty & D. Wowor, 14 Nov 2011; 12 females, cl 4.4–5.7 mm, 3 ovigerous females, cl 4.8–5.3 mm ( MZB Cru 3802), Kana tributary, Lake Lindu catchment, at about 100 m north of 01°19’50.6”S 120°02’56.8”E, on gravel and leaf litter, coll. Annawaty & D. Wowor, 17 Nov 2011; 7 males, cl 3.5–4.7 mm, 6 females, cl 3.9–4.6 mm, 3 ovigerous females, cl 4.6–5.9 ( MZB Cru 3803), Karatambe tributary, Lake Lindu catchment, 01°19’48.0”S 120°02’38.0”E on gravel and leaf litter, coll. Annawaty, 10 Aug 2011; 1 male, cl 5.0 mm, 3 females, cl 4.8–5.7 mm, 2 ovigerous females, cl 6.2–6.3 mm ( MZB Cru 3804), Uwe Pada, Lake Lindu catchment, 01°19’18.0”S 120°02’16.0”E on leaf litter, root of macrophytes and gravel, coll. Annawaty, 9 Aug 2011. Others: 14 females, 5 ovigerous females ( MZB Cru 3805), Laga tributary, Lake Lindu catchment, 01°19’26.0”S 120°02’40.0”E on leaf litter and gravel, coll. Annawaty, 10 Aug 2011; 41 juveniles, 39 males, 19 females, 1 ovigerous female ( MZB Cru 3970), Uwe Tokaroru, Lake Lindu catchment, coll. Annawaty & D. Wowor, 13 Nov 2011; 64 juveniles, 16 males, 46 females, 1 ovigerous female ( MZB Cru 3971), Uwe Lembosa, Lake Lindu catchment, coll. Annawaty & D. Wowor, 14 Nov 2011; 41 juveniles, 57 males, 55 females, 1 ovigerous female ( MZB Cru 3972), Uwe Kaongko, Lake Lindu catchment, coll. Annawaty & D. Wowor, 15 Nov 2011; 7 juveniles, 6 males, 12 females ( MZB Cru 3973), Uwe Kumo, Lake Lindu catchment, coll. Annawaty & D. Wowor, 20 Nov 2011; 78 juveniles, 43 males, 47 females, 5 ovigerous females ( MZB Cru 3975), Uwe Posangkara, Lake Lindu catchment, coll. Annawaty, 8 Aug 2011; 1 female ( MZB Cru 3976), Uwe Lumonga, Lake Lindu catchment, coll. Annawaty, 10 Aug 2011; 3 males, 8 ovigerous females ( MZB Cru 3977), Boby tributary, Lake Lindu catchment, coll. Annawaty, 8 Aug 2011; 85 juveniles, 13 males, 15 females, 1 ovigerous female ( MZB Cru 3978), Uwe Kana, Lake Lindu catchment, coll. Annawaty & D. Wowor, 17 Nov 2011; 144 juveniles, 13 males, 16 females ( MZB Cru 3979), Karatambe tributary, Lake Lindu catchment, coll. Annawaty, 10 Aug 2011; 79 juveniles, 45 males, 35 females, 12 ovigerous females ( MZB Cru 3980), Uwe Laga, Lake Lindu catchment, coll. Annawaty, 10 Aug 2011.

Description. Rostrum very short, reaching near to or reach end of basal segment of antennular peduncle, 0.3 times as long as carapace, dorsal margin bent downwards above orbit with tip directed anteriorly, armed dorsally with 2–10 (mode 6) teeth, without tooth behind orbital margin, no sub-apical teeth, armed ventrally with 0–2 (mode 1) teeth. Antennal spine short, situated below inferior orbital angle. Pterygostomian margin rounded ( Fig. 5 A–B).

Eyes well developed, anterior end 0.7 times length of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.6–0.7 times as long as carapace, basal segment of antennular peduncle longer than second, third segment lengths, second segment distinctly longer than third segment, anterolateral angle of basal segment of antennular peduncle reaching 0.3 proximal second segment of antennular peduncle. Stylocerite reaching between 0.6 and 0.8 proximal basal segment of antennular peduncle ( Fig. 5 D). Scaphocerite 3.6 times as long as wide ( Fig. 5 C).

Incisor process of mandible ending in 6 irregular teeth and 2 very fine granulated rows between teeth, molar process straight ( Fig. 5 E–F). Lower lacinia of maxillula broadly rounded, upper lacinia elongated, with numerous distinct teeth on inner margin, palp slender ( Fig. 5 G). Upper endite of maxilla subdivided, palp short, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly with numerous long, curved setae at posterior end ( Fig. 5 H). Palp of first maxiliped ending in a triangular projection ( Fig. 5 I). Podobranch of second maxiliped reduced to a lamina ( Fig. 5 J). Third maxilliped reaching end of scaphocerite, with ultimate segment slightly shorter than penultimate segment ( Fig. 5 K).

Epipod present on first 2 pereiopods, reduced in size posteriorly, absent on last 3 pereiopods. Chela and carpus of first pereiopod distinctly stouter, broader than chela and carpus of second pereiopod.

First pereiopod stout, tip of chela reaching middle of second segment of antennular peduncle; merus 2.1–2.7 times as long as wide, as long as or slightly shorter than carpus; carpus excavated anteriorly, distinctly shorter than chela, 1.7–2.5 times as long as wide; chela 2.2–2.4 times as long as wide; movable finger longer than palm, finger tip round ( Fig. 6 A).

Second pereiopod slightly overreach end of third segment of antennular peduncle; merus distinctly shorter than carpus, 3.5–4.6 times as long as wide; carpus slender, 1.1–1.3 times as long as chela, 4.4–5.4 times as long as wide; chela 2.9–3.2 times as long as wide; movable finger 1.3–1.5 times as long as palm, finger tip round ( Fig. 6 B).

Third pereiopod slender, dactylus, two-thirds distal propodus overreach third segment of antennular peduncle; propodus 8.4–11.6 times as long as wide, 3.4–4.4 times as long as dactylus; dactylus 2.6–4.0 times as long as wide (terminal spine included, without spines of flexor margin), terminating in 1 large claw with 6–8 (mode 8) accessory spines on flexor margin, reducing in size proximally ( Fig. 6 C–D). Sexual dimorphism present. Third, fourth pereiopods of male with numerous hooked spinules on inner, outer margins of propodus, carpus, respectively.

Fifth pereiopod slender, dactylus, half distal propodus overreach third segment of antennular peduncle; propodus 10.8–13.4 times as long as wide, 2.7–3.2 times as long as dactylus; dactylus 4.4–5.3 times as long as wide (terminal spine included, without spines of flexor margin), terminating in 1 large claw with 61–66 (mode 66) accessory spinules on flexor margin ( Fig. 6 E–F).

Endopod of male first pleopod subrectangular, without appendix interna, 2.6 times as long as wide, 0.4–0.5 times length of exopod ( Fig. 6 G).

Appendix masculina of male second pleopod very slender, 0.5–0.6 times length of endopod, with appendix interna 0.4–0.5 times length of appendix masculina ( Fig. 6 H).

Sixth abdominal somite 0.4–0.5 times length of carapace, 1.8–1.9 times as long as fifth somite, 0.9 times as long as telson. Telson 2.8 times as long as wide, distal margin rounded without posteromedian projection, with 5 or 6 (mode 5) pairs of dorsal spinules, 1 pair of dorsolateral spinules; distal end with 3–5 (mode 3) pairs of spine, lateral pair of spines distinctly longer than intermediate pairs ( Fig. 6 I–J). Preanal carina sub rectangular, without spine ( Fig. 6 L).

Uropodal diaeresis with 15–16 (mode 15) movable spinules ( Fig. 6 K).

Ovigerous females with with 29– 46 eggs (n = 3); egg size 1.2–1.5 × 0.8–1.0 mm in diameter (n = 60, eggs with eyes).

Habitat. Caridina kaili sp. nov. is an exclusively riverine species which dwells in clear water streams and tributaries with sandy gravel substrate and moderate flow running water ( Fig. 9 C). This species clings on hard substrate such as gravel up to boulders and hangs on the roots of different macrophytes. The temperature of the habitat varies from 18.0° to 23.0°C.

Distribution. Caridina kaili sp. nov. is endemic to the catchment area of Lake Lindu, but does not occur in the lake itself ( Fig. 7 ). This species is mainly distributed in streams and tributaries at the west coast of the lake at the foot of hills, but it can also be found in two streams at the east coast, i.e. in Uwe Tokaroru and in Uwe Lembosa.

Etymology. The specific name kaili refers to Kaili Tribe, resident of the plains and the hills around Lake Lindu where this new species was encountered. The name is used as a noun in apposition.

Remarks. Although C. kaili sp. nov. shares several characters with the other two Caridina species in Lake Lindu, such as the absence of a tooth behind the orbital margin, the antennal spine is below the inferior orbital angle, there is no median projection at the terminal margin of the telson, no preanal carina spine, and no appendix interna at the terminal margin of the endopod of the first pleopod of male; it can easily be distinguished by having an extremely short rostrum which is almost reaching near to or reach end of basal segment of antennular peduncle (vs. distinctly overreach end of basal segment of antennular peduncle in C. dali sp. nov., reaching near to or slightly beyond end of antennular peduncle in C. linduensis ), and the larger body size of ovigerous females (maximum carapace length 6.8 mm versus 4.9 mm in C. linduensis and 5.4 mm in C. dali sp. nov.). The size of the eggs is also the largest among the three Caridina species endemic to the lake, i.e. 1.2–1.5 × 0.8–1.0 mm (vs. 1.0– 1.1 × 0.7 mm for C. linduensis , 1.1–1.2 × 0.7–0.8 mm for C. dali sp. nov.). This new species can also be recognized from C. linduensis by having less number of irregular teeth of the incisor process of the mandible (6 versus 16–18 teeth).

Caridina kaili sp. nov. also resembles C. sulawesi Cai & Ng, 2009 , with regard to the shape of the rostrum, the lack of median projection at the terminal margin of the telson, the lack of a preanal carina spine, and the lack of appendix interna at the terminal margin of the endopod of the first pleopod of male. However, it can easily differentiated by the number of the dorsal rostral teeth (2–10, mode 6 versus mostly unarmed or rarely with 4–6 in C. sulawesi ), the position of the antennal spine (below inferior orbital angle versus fused with inferior orbital angle in C. sulawesi ), the more slender scaphocerite (3.6 times as long as wide versus 3.0 times in C. sulawesi ), the longer finger of the first pereiopod (finger longer than palm versus finger shorter than palm in C. sulawesi ), the stouter carpus of the second pereiopod (4.4–5.4 times as long as wide versus 5.7 times in C. sulawesi ), the more slender dactylus of the fifth pereiopod (4.4–5.3 times as long as wide versus 3.2 in C. sulawesi ), and the larger number of spinules on the flexor margin of the fifth pereiopod (61–66, mode 66 versus 53–55 in C. sulawesi ). Caridina kaili sp. nov. can also be distinguished from C. sulawesi by the shorter endopod of the first pleopod of male (ratio of the endopod to the exopod 0.4–0.5 versus 0.7 in C. sulawesi ), the longer appendix interna of the second pleopod of male (ratio of the appendix interna to the appendix masculina 0.4–0.5 versus 0.25 in C. sulawesi ), the higher number of the uropodal diaresis (15–16, mode 15 versus 16–21 in C. sulawesi ), and the larger egg size (1.2–1.5 × 0.8–1.0 mm versus 0.9–1.0 × 0.55–0.70 in C. sulawesi ).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Caridina kaili sp. nov. A, B, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; C, scaphocerite; D, antennulla; E, mandible; F, incisor process of mandible; G, maxillula; H, maxilla; I, first maxilliped; J, second maxilliped; K, third maxilliped. Scales: A, B = 1 mm; C, D, K = 0.5 mm; E, G – I = 0.2 mm; F = 0.1 mm. (A: holotype, ovigerous female cl 5.2 mm, egg size 1.2 × 0.9 mm, MZB Cru 3797; B: paratype, male, cl 5.0 mm, MZB Cru 3804; C – K: paratype, male, cl 4.8 mm, MZB Cru 3801).

FIGURE 6. Caridina kaili sp. nov. A, first pereiopod; B, second pereiopod; C, third pereiopod; D, dactylus of third pereiopod; E, fifth pereiopod; F, dactylus of fifth pereiopod; G, endopod of male first pleopod; H, appendix masculina and appendix interna of male second pleopod; I, distal portion of telson; J, telson; K, diaeresis; L, preanal carina. Scales: A – C, E, J = 0.5 mm; G, H, L = 0.2 mm; D, F, I, K = 0.1 mm. (A – L: paratype, male, cl 4.8 mm, MZB Cru 3801).

FIGURE 8. Life coloration of: A, Caridina linduensis Roux, 1904; B, C. dali sp. nov.; and C, C. kaili sp. nov. (A, ovigerous female, cl 4.2 mm, MZB Cru 3793; B, paratype, female, cl 3.8 mm, MZB Cru 3811; C, paratype, ovigerous female, cl 6.0 mm, MZB Cru 3801).

FIGURE 9. Habitat of: A, Caridina linduensis Roux, 1904, lake and stream with muddy-sand substrate and very slow current which is almost stagnant; B, C. dali sp. nov., near mouth of the inlet stream and stream with 0.5 to 3 m depth, murky and slow running water, which is almost stagnant; and C, C. kaili sp. nov., clear water streams and ditches with sandy gravel substrate and moderate flow running water.

FIGURE 7. A, Lake Lindu in Central Sulawesi Indonesia; B, Distribution map of Caridina linduensis Roux, 1904, C. dali sp. nov. and C. kaili sp. nov. in the lake and its catchment area.