Pycnoporus sanguineus

F., Rafaela Araújo, S., Gurgel Catarina, Leimi, Carvalho Dirce, De, Komura Ruthe, Dalman, Jesus Santos, De, Isadora Fernandes, Vargas-Isla, França Ruby, Ishikawa, Noemia Kazue & Cabral, Tiara Sousa, 2025, A new species and a new record for Pycnoporus P. Karst. (Polyporaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon, revealed by an integrative approach of classical taxonomy and phylogenetic studies, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5), pp. 61-86 : 75-77

Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.) Murrill

( Figs 8; 9C, F, I; 10 I-L).

Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 31 (8): 421 (Murrill 1904). —

Boletus sanguineus L., Species Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas: 1646 ( Linnaeus 1763). — Polyporus sanguineus (L.) Fries, Systema mycologicum: 321 ( Fries 1821). — Microsporus sanguineus (L.) Kuntze, Revisio Generum Plantarum: 497 ( Kuntze 1898). — Trametes sanguinea (L.) Lloyd, Index of the Mycological notes: 1291 ( Lloyd 1924). — Trametes cinnabarina var. sanguínea (L.) Kavina & Pilát, Atlas des champignons de l’Europe: 319 ( Kavina & Pilát 1936). — Coriolus sanguineus (L.) Cunningham, Plant Diseases Division Bulletin 81: 17 ( Cunningham 1949). — Fabisporus sanguineus (L.) Zmitrovich, Mycena 1 (1): 93 ( Zmitrovich 2001).

TYPE MATERIAL. — Suriname • around Capoerica ; 3.IX.1755; D. Rolander s.n.; Lectotype designated by Moraes de et al. (2014): LINN no. 1280.2.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Brazil • Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Serra da Moa ; 24. VI.1971; G. T. Prance, P.J.M. Mass, K. Kubitzki, W.C. Steward, J.F. Ramos, W.S. Pinheiro leg.; J.F. Lima 12412; INPAFungos 30735 • Rio Branco, km 7 SE of Rio Branco on road to Porto Velho ; 30.IX.1980; B. Lowy, S. R. Lowrie leg.; V.M. de Souza 369 BR; INPA-Fungos 100222 • Amapá, Mazagão, Estação Experimental de Mazagão ; 01. VI.1961; P. Ledoux s/n; URM 48716 • Amazonas, Barcelos ; 25.I.2015; D.L. Komura, J.J.S. Oliveira, J. R. Barbosa leg.; DLK15003; INPA-Fungos 265422 • Rio Aracá ; 27.I.2015; D.L. Komura, J.J.S. Oliveira, J. R. Barbosa leg.; DLK15012; IN- PA-Fungos 265147 • Borba, Comunidade Caiçara ; 10. VI.2021; D.L. Komura leg.; DLK3230; INPA-Fungos 288922 • Iranduba, Sítio Hatahara ; 23.II.2020; C.C.S. de Souza 62; INPA-Fungos 295587 • Itacoatiara, Fazenda Aruanã, Km 215 Rodovia Torquato Tapajós- Itacoatiara ; 25.X.2021; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG87 ; INPA-Fungos 295565 • same data; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG112 ; INPA-Fungos 295566 • same data; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG113 ; INPA-Fungos 295567 • same data; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG114 ; INPA-Fungos 295568 • Manaus, Balneário Paraíso Nova Vida, Ramal do Pau Rosa Km 8, Km 21; 26.III.2022; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG121 ; INPA-Fungos 295572 • same data; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG122 ; INPA-Fungos 295573 • Estação Experimental de Manejo Florestal ZF-2, Bionte , BL2; 28. VI.2012; D.L. Komura leg.; DLK848; INPAFungos 288929 • Estrada do brasileirinho, Sítio UDV; 24.II.2020; C.C.S. de Souza 76; INPA-Fungos 295594 • same data; C.C.S. de Souza 84; INPA-Fungos 295598 • Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Sede ; 24. VI.2021; D.L. Komura leg.; DLK3126; INPAFungos 288925 • Reserva Biológica Cuieiras, Estação Científica ; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG79 ; INPA-Fungos 295561 • same data; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG82 ; INPA-Fungos 295562 • same data; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG116 ; INPA-Fungos X295569 • same data; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG117 ; INPA-Fungos 295570 • Reserva do Cuieiras ; 03. VI.2019; D.L. Komura leg.; T.G. Morbach DLK2665; INPA-Fungos 288927 • Reserva Biológica do Cuieiras, Base Alto Cuieiras ; 22. VI.2019; N.K. Ishikawa 67; INPA-Fungos 295574 • same data; N.K. Ishikawa 68; INPA-Fungos 295575 • same data; 22. VI.2019; N.K. Ishikawa 80; INPA-Fungos 295576 • same data; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG69 ; INPA-Fungos 295560 • Tarumã Açu, próximo ao posto Vivenda Verde ; 25.IV.2021; C.C.S. de Souza 60; INPA-Fungos 295585 • Universidade Federal do Amazonas , in front of FVA; 10.X.2021; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG86 ; INPA-Fungos 295564 • Manicoré, Campinarana do Barro Alto ; 12.XI.2019; D.L. Komura, M. R. Pereira, J. R. Costa-JR., D. Cerqueira leg.; DLK2869; INPA-Fungos 288923 • same data; Bairro Santo Expedito ; 29.IV.2021; C.A. Coelho 638; INPA-Fungos 288920 • same data; Ramal Brasil, Sítio do Ranolfo ; 29.IV.2021; C.A. Coelho 639; INPA-Fungos 288921 • Novo Airão, Parque Nacional do Jaú , parcela 3 incendiada; 23.IX.2017; J.J.S. de Oliveira, M.M.S. Pombo C.E. Zartman leg.; JO835129; INPA-Fungos 295582 • Anavilhanas Jungle Lodge ; 15.IX.2021; J.J.S. de Oliveira e R. H. Nascimento leg.; JO161989; INPA-Fungos 295583; 16.II.2022; J.J.S. de Oliveira, N.K. Ishikawa e R. E. Freitas leg.; JO1725123; INPA-Fungos 295584 • Presidente Figueiredo, Ramal da Boa Esperança, Sítio do Sr. Braga e Joana ; 09.III.2020; D.L. Komura; F.M. Costa, A. Tavares leg.; DLK3026; INPA-Fungos 288924 • RDS do Uatumã ; 23.X.2020; D.L. Komura leg.; DLK3087; INPA-Fungos 288926 • Cachoeira da Asframa ; 25.VIII.2021; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG65 ; INPA-Fungos 295559 • Santo Antônio do Iça ; 23.VII.2020; C.C.S. de Souza 85; INPA-Fungos 295599 • same data; C.C.S. de Souza 75; INPA-Fungos 295593 • same data; C.C.S. de Souza 78; INPA-Fungos 295596 • same data; C.C.S. de Souza 61; INPA-Fungos 295586 • same data; C.C.S. de Souza 70; INPA-Fungos 295590 • ibidem; 23.VII.2020; C.C.S. de Souza 81; INPA-Fungos 295597 • São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Comunidade Itacoatiara Mirim ; 05.IV.2013; D.L. Komura, D.B.O. Cardoso, J.A. Correia da Silva leg.; DLK1141; INPA-Fungos 288928 • São Sebastião do Uatumã, RDS Uatumã, next to Torre ATTO; 20.III.2022; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG120 ; INPA-Fungos 295571 • Tefé, Instituto Federal do Amazonas ; 27.I.2021; E.D. Koch 66; INPA-Fungos 295579 • Bahia, Santa Teresinha, Serra da Jibóia ; 23.IX.2010; T.B. Gilbertoni TGB34; URM 83471 • Ceará, Crato, Flona Nacional do Araripe, Brejo de Altitude ; 15. V.2012; C. R. S. Lira leg.; CL825; URM 83799 • Fortaleza, Parque Estadual do Cocó ; 23.VII.2019; C.C.S. de Souza 64; INPA-Fungos 295589 • same data; 23.VII.2019; C.C.S. de Souza 77; INPA-Fungos 295595 • Fortaleza, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Museu Casa do José de Alencar ; 05.VII.2020; C.C.S. de Souza 73; INPA-Fungos 295592 • Maranhão, Cidelândia, Povoado do Ciriaco, Reserva Extrativista do Ciriaco ; 30.VII.2013; L.S. Araujo-Neta, R. S. Nogueira leg.; 26 AN-MA; URM 85566 • Mato Grosso, Aripuanã, Estrada para Mineração São Francisco , km 41; 19.IV.1985; K.F. Rodrigues 208; INPA-Fungos 128951 • Minas Gerais, Ituiutaba, Parque Municipal do Goiabal ; 27.IV.2016; N.C. Carvalho, L.M. Rocha leg.; NCC4 ; URM 93314 • Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó , Trilha dos Escravos; 25.XII.2019; C.C.S. de Souza 71; INPA-Fungos 295591 • Cachoeira Grande ; 26.XII.2019; C.C.S. de Souza 63; INPA-Fungos 295588 • Pará, Oriximiná, Floresta Nacional de Saracá-Taquera ; 25.I.2022; D.M. Couceiro 124; INPA-Fungos 295546 • Medicilândia, 85 Norte ; 26. VI.2022; R. J.S. Dalman leg.; RJS223126; INPA-Fungos 295549 • Paraíba, Santa Teresinha, Fazendo Tamanduá ; 23.III.2008; E.P. Fazolino s/n; UFRN-Fungos 489 • Paraná, Mauá da Serra, Sitio Komura ; 15.I.2021; D.L. Komura leg.; DLK3272; INPA-Fungos 296004 • Tamarana, Fazenda Pinheiros , no estacionamento da cachoeira; 18.IX.2021; N.K. Ishikawa leg.; N.K. Ishikawa 111; INPA-Fungos 295578 • same data; N.K. Ishikawa 88; INPA-Fungos 295577 • Pernambuco, Buíque, Parque Nacional Vale do Catimbau , 16.IV.2009; J.J.S. Oliveira s/n; UFRN-Fungos 1039 • Piauí, Caracol, Serra das Confusões; 15.III.2012; C. R. S. Lira leg.; CL595; URM 83640 • Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Parque Estadual Dunas de Natal ; 10.IX.2005; I.G. Baseia leg.; P.P. T. Lacerda s/n; UFRNFungos 1743 • same data; 13. VI.2006; B.D.B Silva, A.G. Leite, I.G. Baseia leg.; s/n; UFRN-Fungos 250 • same data; 12.VII.2008; E.P. Fazolino s/n; UFRN-Fungos 756 • same data; 28.X.2010; M. Capelari leg.; I.G. Baseia s/n; UFRN-Fungos 33 • same data; 28.X.2010; M. Capelari leg.; I.G. Baseia s/n; UFRN-Fungos 175 • Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, next to Centro de Biociências ; 6.II.2021; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG58 ; INPA-Fungos 295557 • same data; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG59 ; INPA-Fungos 295558 • Estuário do Rio Potengi ; 12.IX.2005; M.M.B. Barbosa leg.; J.J.S. Oliveira s/n; UFRN Fungos 604 • Parnamirim, Mata do Jiqui ; 16. VI.2006; P.P. T. Lacerda s/n; UFRN-Fungos 252 • same data; 04.VII.2008; E.P. Fazolino; M.A. Silveira leg.; M.P.G. Pinheiro s/n; UFRN-Fungos 753 • Pium, Vale Encantado ; 07.VII.2021; R. A.F. Gurgel leg.; RAFG83 ; INPA-Fungos 295563 • Serrinha, Fazenda Guagirú ; 18.IV.2010; T.F. R. Pessoa s/n; UFRN-Fungos 1662 • Rondônia, Coacal, próximo as Fazendas ; 03.XI.2021; C.C.S. de Souza 115; INPA-Fungos 295600 • Roraima, Vicinity of Auaris; 23.VII.1974; G. T. Prance, O. Fidalgo, B.W. Nelson leg.; J.F. Ramos 21320; INPA-Fungos 45299; Estrada Manaus-Caracaraí , km 328; 16.XI.1977; I. de J. Araújo, M.A. Sousa, J. Bernardi, K.P. Dumont, D. Hosford, G. Samuels leg.; I. de J. Araújo et al. 403; INPA-Fungos 76930 • same data; 16.XI.1977; I. de J. Araújo, M.A. Sousa, J. Bernardi, K.P. Dumont, D. Hosford, G. Samuels leg.; I. de J. Araújo 413; INPA-Fungos 76940 • Santa Catarina Penha ; 29.XII.2020; E.D. Koch 74; INPA-Fungos 295580 • São Paulo, Buri, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis ( IBAMA); 13.VII.1987; M.A. de Jesus leg.; M.A. de Jesus 1120; INPA-Fungos 186295 .

SUBSTRATE. — Grows on various types of deadwood, mainly in open sunny places.

DESCRIPTION

Basidiome annual to perennial, solitary, gregarious to cespitose; ranging from dimidiate, flabelliform, spatulate, semicircular, infundibuliform, with attack on the substrate ranging from strongly adhered, semiestipitateto stipetate, 70-124 mm diameter× 47-85 mm width× 2-4.5 mm thick, coriaceous. Stipe 6-19 mm width× 2-4 mm thick, solid, concolor to pileous. Pileus surface coriaceous when damp, becoming stiff when dry, velvety and glossy when young, glabrous and striated with age, reddish orange (N 00 Y 99 M 90) to vivid orange (N 00 Y 90 M 70), with alternating zones of yellowish white (N 00 Y 20 M 00) to orange (N 00 Y 90 M 60), becoming yellowish white (N 00 Y 20 M 00) over the entire surface at high temperatures and when old. Margin thin, acute, entire to irregular, sometimes tomentose,

yellowish orange (N 00 Y 99 M 50) to whitish yellow (N 00 Y 20 M 00). Context and surface of the pileus continuous in cross section, floccose to fibrous, shiny, 1.4-3 mm thick, pale yellow (N 00 Y 30 M 00) and light orange (N 00 Y 80 M 40) zones, radially separating, reflecting the stages of development. Linebetween the context and the hymenophore sometimes present, pale yellow (N 00 Y 30 M 00). Surface of the pores of the hymenophore intense reddish orange (N 00 Y 99 M 90) to moderate reddish orange (N 00 Y 90 M 80); pores circular to angular, tomentose and serrated walls, 5-8 pores per mm, 0.1× 0.3 mm diameter; dissepiment thick when young, becoming thinner with age, concolor to the pore surface; tube circular, 1-2 layers 1-1.5 mm deep × 0.3 mm wide, light orange (N 00 Y 80 M 00) and whitish yellow (N 00 Y 20 M 00). Macrochemical reaction occurs when adding 5% KOH, resulting in rapid color change from black to greenish brown in part of the basidiome. Hyphal system trimitic. Pileus surface similar to the context. Context composed of generative hyphae thin-walled, with frequent clamps, rarely branched, 1-4 µm diameter, hyaline to yellowish in 5% KOH, CB-; IKI-; skeletal hyphae dominate, straight or slightly tortuous, thick-walled, unbranched, 2-6 µm diameter, hyaline to yellowish in 5% KOH, non-cyanophilous and non-amyloid; binding hyphae thick-walled, non-septate, branched with short branches, 2-3 µm diameter, yellowish in 5%KOH, CB-; IKI-. Trama of the tubes composed of hyphae similar to the context. Hyphae with orange crystals predominate in all parts of the basidiome, 2-4 µm diameter, hyaline in 5% KOH, CB-; IKI-. Basidium clavate, 11-15 ×5-6 µm, with basal clamp, four sterigmata, hyaline in 5% KOH, CB-; IKI-. Basidiospores 4.02-5.96 × 1.58-3.62 µm (x= 4.79 ± 0.5× 2.5 ± 0.4; Qm = 1.9), elongated, smooth, slightly curved, hyaline in 5% KOH, CB-; IKI-.

REMARKS

This species presents basidiomata whose characters, such as pileus colours, texture and zoning, change depending on environmental conditions. These changes can lead to misidentifications, especially with morphologically similar species, such as P. coccineus , which has an orange to reddish-orange basidiome and areas with colors similar to the pileus. Pycnoporus coccineus differs from P. sanguineus by having a basidiome with a soft aspect and 3-5 pores per mm with thick walls. Pycnoporus sanguineus has an ample worldwide distribution, as can be observed by the distribution of its sequences in the phylogenies of ITS ( Fig. 4) and, for Brazil, it can be found in almost all states, of which here we report a new record for the state of Roraima.