Cyphocoleus Chaudoir, 1877: 188

Liebherr, James K., 2016, Cyphocoleus Chaudoir (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Odacanthini): descriptive taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, and the Cenozoic history of New Caledonia, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (2), pp. 211-270 : 223-224

Cyphocoleus Chaudoir, 1877: 188

Atongolium Park & Will 2008: 100 (syn. n.)

Type species.

Cyphocoleus heterogenus Chaudoir 1877 (designated by Bousquet 2002).

Nomenclatural note.

When Bousquet (2002) designated the type species for Cyphocoleus , he chose the variant spelling Cyphocoleus hetorogenus (Chaudoir, 1877: 191), not mentioning the alternate spelling of Cyphocoleus heterogenus that was published in the same article ( Chaudoir 1877: 196). Fauvel (1882) cited the species as Cyphocoleus heterogenus , choosing the correct Latin formation of the name, though he did not mention the alternate spelling. Subsequent authors ( Fauvel 1903, Csiki 1931, Lorenz 2005) followed Fauvel’s (1882) usage of Cyphocoleus heterogenus without mention of the " hetorogenus " variant later cited by Bousquet (2002). Having cited both name variants together here - and therefore acting as first reviser under Article 24.2.3 ( I.C.Z.N. 1999) - I designate Cyphocoleus heterogenus as the correct original spelling for the type species of Cyphocoleus .

Diagnosis.

Though quite variable in body proportions and appearance (Figs 47-50 , 82-85 , 99-103 , 161-164 ), the genus Cyphocoleus is amply diagnosed from other Odacanthini based on the following combination of characters: 1, mandibles elongate, their length measured from anterior condyle to tip>1.8 × distance from anterior margin of antennal articulatory socket to anterolateral labral margin; 2, maxillary galea 1-segmented and appressed to outer margin of lacinia (Figs 26 , 27 ) [synapomorphy of Homethina ]; 3, only posterior supraorbital seta present, or both supraorbital setae absent; 4, pronotal lateral and basal setae absent [a configuration shared with Quammenis spectabilis : Homethina , and Actenonyx bembidioides : Actenonycina ]; 5, discal elytral intervals convex, not flat; 6, elytral subapical sinuation very distinctly, angularly concave; 7, metathoracic flight wings vestigial, that configuration associated with a flightlessness syndrome that includes metepisternum broader than long, tightly articulated metathorax and abdomen [those somites functionally fused], elytra fused at the suture, and very thick and brittle cuticle of elytra and abdominal ventrites; 8, head, prothorax, and elytra with pelage of secondary setae, those setae ranging from very short spike-like microtrichia, to elongate, paddle- or club-shaped setae (Figs 101 , 102 ); and 9, transverse microsculpture, or the absence of any microsculpture on frons and pronotal disc. In addition, several characters exhibited by Cyphocoleus spp. are shared with various other subtribes of Odacanthini . An elongate scape, length 2.4-4.9 × breadth is observed in all Homethina (Fig. 46 ). The submentum with only the inner seta each side is shared across Actenonycina , Homethina and Pentagonicina (Fig. 44 ). The mentum also lacks a median tooth: a character shared with other Homethina , Pentagonica , and some Scopodes spp. And the proepisternum is smooth, not punctate as observed in many Odacanthina (Fig. 46 ). Metatarsomeres 1-3 have narrow dorsolateral sulci both sides, and are broadly convex medially. Metatarsomere 4 bears both subapical and apical setae ( Habu 1978).

Figures

Figure 46. Parsimony cladogram of subtribe Homethina with characters indicated; character numbers above cladogram stems, state numbers below stems [cladogram divided into two parts joined at " A "]; geographic abbreviations as in Figs 44 - 45.

Figures 47 - 50. Dorsal habitus photographs of Cyphocoleus spp.: 47, Cyphocoleus lissus female, Mt. Humboldt; 48, Cyphocoleus prolixus male, Mt. Humboldt; 49, Cyphocoleus heterogenus male, Yahoue; 50, Cyphocoleus parovicollis male, Pic d'Amoa.

Figures 82 - 85. Dorsal habitus photographs of Cyphocoleus spp.: 82, Cyphocoleus ovicollis female, Ningua Res.; 83, Cyphocoleus burwelli female, Mt. Canala; 84, Cyphocoleus angustatus male, Mt. Panie; 85, Cyphocoleus monteithi male, Dzumac Rd. jct.

Figures 99 - 104. Dorsal habitus photographs of Cyphocoleus spp.: 99, Cyphocoleus miricollis, Foret Nord; 100, Cyphocoleus mirabilis female, environmental patina intact, Mt. Koghi; 101, Cyphocoleus mirabilis male, environmental patina removed, Mt. Koghi; 102, Cyphocoleus moorei female, environmental patina removed from forebody and right elytron, E. Table Unio; 103, Cyphocoleus lescheni female, environmental patina removed, elytra reassociated with dissected specimen, Aoupinie; 104, Cyphocoleus fasciatus male, teneral specimen lacking environmental patina, Mt. Panie.

Figures 161 - 164. Dorsal habitus photographs of Cyphocoleus spp., environmental patina removed: 161, Cyphocoleus flavipes Yahoue; 162, Cyphocoleus bourailensis, Bourail; 163, Cyphocoleus subulatus, Mt. Koghi; 124, Cyphocoleus iledespinsensis, Ile des Pins.

Figures 26 - 27. Right maxillary stipes, lacinia, galea, and palp, Cyphocoleus subulatus: 26, dorsal view; 27, ventral view. Single-segmented galea of Cyphocoleus and other Homethina lies laterad the lacinia, with a rabbeted groove on the dorsomedial surface of the galea accommodating the lateral margin of the lacinia, thereby supporting lacinia during alternating, rotary movements of the maxillae. For abbreviations see Table 1.

Figures 44 - 45. Parsimony cladograms comprising exemplar taxa of Odacanthini used in phylogenetic analysis, rooted at the outgroup Celaenephes linearis (tribe Lebiini): 44, 852 - step length strict consensus of 29 equally parsimonious trees of 835 - step length (CI = 22, RI = 74) [A = subtribe Actenonycina; H = subtribe Homethina subtrib. n.; P = subtribe Pentagonicina; O = subtribe Odacanthina]; 45, majority-rule consensus of 29 equally parsimonious trees with all resolved nodes present in 100 % of the multiple equally parsimonious trees; i. e. the majority-rule consensus is the result of collapsing 8 nodes. Abbreviations for geographical distributions include: Af, Africa; As, Asia; Eu, Europe; NC, New Caledonia; Nea, Nearctic; Neo, Neotropical; NZ, New Zealand; Oz, Australia.