Xylomoia strix strix Mikkola, 1980

Haverinen, Risto, Pototski, Aleksander, Mutanen, Marko, Mikalauskas, Darius, Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Prozorov, Alexey M. & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2024, Integrative review of Xylomoia strix, X. retinax and X. stangelmaieri (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Xyleninae, Apameini), ZooKeys 1221, pp. 309-342 : 309-342

Xylomoia strix strix Mikkola, 1980

Figs 1 , 4 , 11–16 , 17–29 , 30–35 , 46–49 , 50–53 , 54–57 , 58–61 , 62–64 , 72–74 , 75–80 , 81–83 , 84–86

Xylomoia strix strix Mikkola, 1980 : Notulae Entomologicae 60: 220. TL: “ Latvia, Turaida . ” Holotype male, ZMHF [examined].

Diagnosis.

Distinguished from X. strix stangelmaieri by broader dark field on forewings (Figs 11 – 35 ) and smaller pollex (Figs 46 – 64 ), from X. strix retinax by actual presence of dark field on forewing (Figs 11 – 35 ) and fold of ductus bursae (Figs 72 – 86 ); from both subspecies genetically, having an average p - distance of 1.89 % from X. strix stangelmaieri and 0.33 % from X. strix retinax . Average p - distance between X. strix strix and X. graminea is 2.55 %, X. strix strix and X. chagnoni , 7.64 %, and X. strix strix and X. indirecta , 8.05 % (Fig. 90 ). Found in north, central, and east Europe with the westernmost presence in the Volga region (Figs 91 , 92 ).

Variability.

Adults. Blackish streak in medial field varies from narrow (e. g., Figs 20 , 22 , 33 ) to wide (e. g., 18, 23), its reddish-brown bounds vary from well-pronounced (e. g., Figs 15 , 21 ) to non-existing (e. g., Figs 12 , 19 ). Dark streak may expand towards costa and cover medial field (Figs 11–15 , 19 , 26 ). Forewings may have somewhat reddish (Figs 16 , 23 , 30 , 33 ), yellowish (Figs 11–15 , 18 , 24 , 26 ) or greyish tinge (Figs 22 , 25 , 27–29 , 31–32 , 34–35 ); submarginal field may be pale- (e. g., Fig. 11 ) or dark-colored (e. g., Fig. 17 ). Male genitalia. Uncus may gradually get thin towards apex (e. g., Figs 46 , 59 ) or only be thin near its apex (e. g., Figs 51 , 58 ), saccus may be relatively small and narrow (e. g., Figs 48 , 62 ) or large (e. g., Figs 54 , 63 ), carina may be reduced (Figs 56–57 , 59 , 61 ) or well-developed (e. g., Figs 48 , 60 , 64 ), basal cornutus varies in size from small (e. g., Fig. 61 ) to large (e. g., Fig. 58 ) and may be more or less bent, medial cornutus may be almost straight (e. g., Fig. 46 ), c-shaped (e. g., Fig. 62 ) or s-shaped (e. g., Fig. 60 ) and varies in size. Female genitalia. Antevaginal plate slightly varies in thickness, bursa copulatrix may narrow around connection with ductus bursae (e. g., Fig. 76 ) and may have one (Figs 73 , 74 , 77 , 85 ) or two (Fig. 86 ) frontal signa, hind signum varies in size.

Distribution area.

Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia (Leningrad, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Tula, Saratov, Samara Oblasts and Republic of Tatarstan).

Figures

Figure 90. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood, HKY + F + I, 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates) for Xylomoia spp. built in IQ-TREE 2.2. 0 and pairwise distances (%) computed for each pair of taxa in MEGA X.

Figures 1–4. Adults and male genitalia of Xylomoia spp. with labels (ZMHF). 1, 4 HT male of X. strix, lacking features of phallus are indicated with arrows 2 HT male of X. stangelmaieri 3 HT male of X. retinax. Scale bars: 1 cm (for adults); 1 mm (for genitalia).

Figures 5–16. Adults of Xylomoia strix sspp. with labels. 5–10 X. strix stangelmaieri (CRH) 11–16 X. strix strix 11–14 CRH 15, 16. ASV. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figures 17–29. Adults of Xylomoia strix strix with labels. 17–19, 23–29 CRH 20 – 22 ASV. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figures 30–41. Adults of Xylomoia strix sspp. with labels (CRH). 30–35 X. strix strix 36–41 X. strix retinax. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figures 46–49. Male genitalia of Xylomoia strix strix (CRH). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 50–53. Male genitalia of Xylomoia strix strix (CRH). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 54–57. Male genitalia of Xylomoia strix strix. Depositories: 54, 55 ASV 56, 57 CRH. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 58–61. Male genitalia of Xylomoia strix strix (ASV). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 62–64. Male genitalia of Xylomoia strix strix (CRH). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 72–74. Female genitalia of Xylomoia strix strix (CRH). Abbreviations: f – frontal signum, h – hind signum. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 75–80. Female genitalia of Xylomoia strix strix (CRH). Abbreviations: f – frontal signum, h – hind signum. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 81–83. Female genitalia of Xylomoia strix strix (CRH). Abbreviations: f – frontal signum, h – hind signum. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 84–86. Female genitalia of Xylomoia strix strix (CRH). Abbreviations: f – frontal signum, h – hind signum. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 91, 92. Collecting localities of Xylomoia strix subspecies: X. strix stangelmaieri in Italy, X. strix strix in Europe, and X. strix retinax in Asia. Colored tags mark collecting locations from where adults were barcoded. Circles with stars mark type localities 91 physical map 92 map of ecoregions: green colors indicate forests and steppes, purple – taiga (see ecoregions. appspot. com).