Taxonomy of
Cypricercus
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Cypricercus
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presently comprises 22 nominal species. These were reexamined here based on (type) materials and on literature descriptions and nine species were retained in
Cypricercus
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s.s. ( Table 2). All other species belong to other genera or have an unknown status.
Cypricercus mongolicus Daday (1909)
is here transferred to the genus
Eucypris
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( Table 3), relying mainly on the morphology of caudal ramus and hemipenis.
Cypricercus salinus De Deckker, 1981
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was described from a saline lake (salinity range 0.34-12.3 ppt) in Victoria, Australia. The Triebel’s loop of
C. salinus
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is equivocally presented in the illustration, maybe because it was not well developed. Indeed, De Deckker (1981) reported that an almost closed eyelet was encountered on dorsal branch. To clarify this enigmatic character, the type material should be reexamined. Based on the position of the Triebel’s loop in dorsal branch, we here allocate
C. salinus
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to
Bradleystrandesia
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( Table 3). In addition, this species also shares some other characters of genus
Bradleystrandesia
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. Firstly, the distal seta of the caudal ramus is short (considerably shorter than half of the proximal claw). Secondly, the proximal seta is short (somewhat less than the end of the ramus) and its position is comparatively lower than the proximal claw. Thirdly, whereas the insertions of proximal and distal claws in
Bradleystrandesia
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are slightly apart from each other, in other
Cypricercinae
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these insertions are relatively close to each other.
Species Distribution
Cypricercus ariariensis ( Roessler, 1986)
South America
Cypricercus centrurus ( Klie, 1940)
South Africa
Cypricercus cuneatus Sars, 1895
South Africa
Cypricercus episphaenus G.W. Müller, 1908
South Africa
Cypricercus inermis ( Brady, 1904)
South Africa
Cypricercus maculatus G.W. Müller, 1908
South Africa
Cypricercus unicornis De Deckker, 1981
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Australia
Cypricercus variabilis ( Roessler, 1986)
South America
Cypricercus xhosa
sp. nov. South Africa
Eucypris mongolica ( Daday, 1909)
Bradleystrandesia salina ( De Deckker, 1981)
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Cypricercus acanthigera ( G.W. Müller, 1912) Syn.
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: Neocypris mucronata Sars, 1901 (senior syn) Syn.:
Cypricercus episphaenus sensu Tressler, 1949
Cypricercus adustus ( Koch, 1837)
Cypricercus burlingtonensis ( Turner, 1894)
Cypricercus cheboyganensis Ferguson, 1957
Cypricercus elegans ( Roessler, 1986)
Cypricercus indrani Deb, 1983
Cypricercus munshii Deb & Nasar, 1977
Cypricercus rotundus Tressler, 1950
Cypricercus sanguineus Chapman, 1963
Cypricercus setosus Farkas, 1957
Cypricercus testudinarius ( Sharpe, 1897)
Cypricercus vietsi Farkas, 1957
De Deckker (1981) also described
Cypricercus unicornis
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from Newmann’s Rocks in West Australia. His drawing and description illustrated that there is a Triebel’s loop in the dorsal branch. However, this Triebel’s loop seems to be incorrect in shape and position. It is therefore possible that the attachment of the caudal ramus was broken during dissection, resulting in a translocation of Triebel’s loop from main branch to dorsal branch. Additionally, we found that the shape of the caudal ramus and the valve morphology in this species are more conform to
Cypricercus
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than to
Bradleystrandesia
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. We thus maintain this species in
Cypricercus
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.
We here redescribe
Cypricercus inermis ( Brady, 1904)
and found that the characters of this species, e.g. the divided α-seta on Md-palp, the absence of the channel in the fused zone of LV, elongated carapace and the morphology of Zenker’s organ, are congruent to those of
Cypricercus
. Martens (2001) considered
Cypricercus inermis
, previously in
Tanycypris
, to be a synonym of
Cypricercus cuneatus
. The present study reveals that
C. inermis
is not identical to
C. cuneatus
and differs by the following characters: (1) the lateral shield of the hemipenis in
C. inermis
is elongated, subtriangular and its distal end is beak-like; in
C. cuneatus
this shield is subquadrate with bluntly pointed distal end; (2) the Zenker’s organ of
C. inermis
is slightly longer (length c. 3.5 times the width) and set with approx. 22 spiny whorls, whereas in
C. cuneatus
this organ is shorter (length c. 3 times the width) and is composed of 20 spiny whorls; (3) the chaetotaxy of the soft parts is also different between both species, for example, in the length of the dorsal subapical seta on the first segment of the A1, the size and shape of the Rome organ, the ventral apical seta on the fifth A1-segment and the morphology of caudal ramus and attachment: in
C. inermis
the ventral margin of the caudal ramus is composed of 4 groups of fine spines and the ventral branch of the attachment is stout and short, while in
C. cuneatus
the ventral margin of the caudal ramus is continuously finely serrated and the ventral branch of the attachment is slim and somewhat longer; (4) the carapace of
C. inermis
is narrower in lateral view, and
C. inermis
has the posterior margin of the RV slightly more produced than that of
C. cuneatus
, resulting in a relatively unequal posterior end, as can be clearly seen in dorsal view; (5) the number of inner lists along the anterior part of the LV is different between
C. inermis
and
C. cuneatus
, 1 inner list in the former, 2 inner lists in the latter. Therefore, C.
inermis
is here reinstated as a valid species.
Species Distribution
Strandesia bicornuta Hartmann, 1964
Asia
Strandesia bicuspis bicuspis ( Claus, 1892)
South America
Strandesia bicuspis mucronata ( Claus, 1892)
South America
Strandesia botosaneanui Broodbakker, 1983
West Indies
Strandesia carteri Klie, 1930
South America
Strandesia cyprinotoides Klie, 1938
Africa
Strandesia dorsolonga Rome, 1962
Africa
Strandesia evae Gauthier, 1951
Africa
Strandesia ewaldi ( Roessler, 1990)
South America
Strandesia gopinathani George & Martens, 1993
Asia
Strandesia hancocki (Lowndes, 1931)
Africa
Strandesia hartmanni Victor & Fernando, 1981
Asia
Strandesia indica Hartmann, 1964
Asia
Strandesia inornata ( Sars, 1901)
South America
Strandesia kimberleyi Karanovic, 2005
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Australia
Strandesia labiata Hartmann, 1964
Asia
Strandesia longula Broodbakker, 1983
West Indies
Strandesia mercatorum ( Vavra, 1895)
Africa
Strandesia odiosa ( Moniez, 1892)
Asia
Strandesia perakensis Victor & Fernando, 1981
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Asia
Strandesia pistrix Broodbakker, 1983
West Indies
Strandesia psittacea psittacea ( Sars, 1901)
South America
Strandesia psittacea colombiensis Roessler, 1990
South America
Strandesia sphaeroidea Broodbakker, 1983
West Indies
Strandesia stocki Broodbakker, 1983
West Indies
Strandesia strandesioides ( G.W.Müller, 1898)
Africa
Strandesia trichosa Roessler, 1990
South America
Strandesia unicolor Klie, 1944
Africa
Strandesia variegata ( Sars, 1901)
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South America
Strandesia vavrai vavrai ( G.W.Müller, 1898)
Africa
Strandesia vavrai persica Bronshtein, 1925
Asia