Pontodrilus litoralis ( Grube, 1855 )

Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), Zootaxa 4140 (1), pp. 1-92 : 10-11

Pontodrilus litoralis ( Grube, 1855)

Lumbricus litoralis Grube, 1855: 127 , 135, Plate V, Figs 5–10.

Pontodrilus litoralis— Beddard, 1895a: 469; Michaelsen, 1900: 180; Easton, 1984: 114; Blakemore 2002: 129, Fig. 2.1; Blakemore 2007b: S3–S8; Blakemore 2008; Nguyen 2013: 95; Nguyen 2014: 112.

Pontodrilus marionis Perrier, 1874: 1582 , synonymized by Michaelsen (1900).

Pontodrilus bermudensis Beddard, 1891a: 96 , synonymized by Easton (1984).

Pontodrilus bermudensis— Thai 1987: 7; Thai 2000a: 307; Thai et al. 2004: 758; Huynh 2005a: 176; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010: 123.

Pontodrilus matsushimensis Iizuka, 1898: 21 , Plate II, synonymized by Easton (1984).

Pontodrilus gracilis Gates, 1943: 100 , synonymized by Easton (1984).

See Easton (1984) and Blakemore (2002, 2007b) for more synonyms and details.

Type locality. Southern France.

Type material. Humboldt Museum , Berlin, Germany.

Records from Vietnam. Hai Phong ( Cat Ba Isl. ) ; Khanh Hoa (Cam Ranh) ; Ba Ria-Vung Tau ( Con Lon Isl. ) ; Tien Giang (Go Cong Dong, Cai Lay) ; Bac Lieu (Bac Lieu) ; Ca Mau (Nam Can) ; Ben Tre (Binh Dai) ( Le 1995a; Thai 1987; Thai et al. 2004; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010; Nguyen 2014).

Distribution. Cosmopolitan species; usually found in areas near warm seas of Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Oceans, from Mediterranean Sea to Southern China ( Easton 1984; Blakemore 2002, 2007b). Vietnamese name. Giun pontodrilus vùng triều.

Remarks. The species is usually found in coastal regions. Chen (1938) synonymized Pontodrilus matsushimensis Iizuka, 1898 with P. bermudensis Beddard, 1891 . Easton (1984) considered both species as synonyms of P. litoralis ( Grube, 1855) .