Ursus americanus Pallas 1780

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 532-628 : 588

Ursus americanus Pallas 1780

Ursus americanus Pallas 1780 , Spicil. Zool., 14: 5.

Type Locality: Not given. In Pallas' (1780) description, he refered to Brickell (1737) who implied North Carolina ( USA) by stating they "are very common in this province." Palmer (1904) listed the locality as "eastern North America".

Vernacular Names: American Black Bear.

Subspecies: :

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. americanus Pallas 1780

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. altifrontalis Elliot 1903

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. amblyceps Baird 1859

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. californiensis Miller 1900

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. carlottae Osgood 1901

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. cinnamomum Audubon and Bachman 1854

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. emmonsii Dall 1895

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. eremicus Merriam 1904

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. floridanus Merriam 1896

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. hamiltoni Cameron 1957

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. kermodei Hornaday 1905

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. luteolus Griffith 1821

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. machetes Elliot 1903

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. perniger J. A. Allen 1910

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. pugnax Swarth 1911

Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. vancouveri Hall 1928

Distribution: Canada, Mexico (N Nayarit and S Tamaulipas), USA.

Conservation: CITES – Appendix II; U.S. ESA – Threatened as U. americanus luteolus ; all other subspecies – Similarity of Appearance to a Threatened Species; IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).

Discussion: Reviewed by Larivière (2001 b). Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Larivière (2001 b).