ANKYLOSAURIA

Norman, David B, 2021, Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (1), pp. 1-86 : 70

Clade ANKYLOSAURIA

S t e m -b a s e d d e f i n i t i o n: A l l t a x a m o r e c l o s e l y related to Euoplocephalus and Edmontonia than to Scelidosaurus .

Kunbarrasaurus and Jinyunpelta :

1. Skull shape in occipital view, long-axis horizontal.

2. Premaxilla edentulous (homoplastic: among Nodosauridae , Ankylosauridae and Stegosauria ).

3. Premaxillary palate wider than long.

4. Median marginal premaxillary notch present.

5. Postorbital, posterodorsal orbit margin obscured by osteoderms.

6. Predentary shape in occlusal view: extreme transverse extension to form a horizontal bar.

7. Mandibular glenoid ventrally offset relative to the occlusal plane of the dentition.

8. Long shallow symphyseal ramus of the mandible.

9. Premaxillary tooth count reduced to zero (reversed in some nodosaurids).

10. Scapula blade shape: stout and parallel-sided (homoplastic: Stegosauria ).

11. Acetabular medial wall forms an imperforate cupola.

12. Femoral shaft shape in anterior view: stout and straight shaft.

13. Femoral anterior trochanter: completely fused to the greater trochanter (reversed in Kunbarrasaurus and Struthiosaurus ).

14. Fourth trochanter has the form of a raised ridge (rather than being pendent, or a depression in the femoral shaft) – homoplastic in Stegosauria .

15. Cnemial crest of tibia is large and curved (homoplastic in Stegosauria ).

16. Fibula smaller than tibia, but is a robust bone (homoplastic in Stegosauria ).