Schizanthus hookeri Gillies ex Graham, Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 9: 176. 1830

Morales-Fierro, Vanezza, Munoz-Schick, Melica & Moreira-Munoz, Andres, 2020, Synopsis of Schizanthus Ruiz & Pav. (Solanaceae), a genus endemic to the southern Andes, PhytoKeys 154, pp. 57-102 : 57

8. Schizanthus hookeri Gillies ex Graham, Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 9: 176. 1830 Fig. 4A-D

Schizanthus calycosus Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 43: 529. 1873.

Schizanthus hookeri var. calycosus (Phil.) Reiche, Anal. Univ. Chile 125: 480. 1909.

Type.

Chile. Unknown: In various places on the Chilean side of the Cordillera of the Andes, 8000 ft alt., J. Gillies s.n. (neotype designated by Grau and Gronbach 1984, pg. 128 [as type]: K! [K000648571, photo at E! [E00089590], IND! [IND-0107179]]).

Taxonomic notes.

According to the protologue, the species was described from samples grown at the private garden of Mr. Boog, in Portobello, close to Edinburgh (Scotland). These plants were raised from the seeds collected by Gillies " in various places on the Chilian side of the Cordillera of the Andes, at an elevation of 8000 or 9000 feet above the level of the sea " ( Graham 1830: 177). At the very end of the description, Graham says that he received a letter by Gillies with a list of characteristic features of this new species and a specimen, but he does not mention the origin of the sample (from cultivation or from the wild).

During our search, we have not found cultivated samples of the species seen by Graham but one specimen at E [E00089582] collected by Gillies in " Andes of Chile et Mendoza ". As in other cases, we cannot be sure if this sample was seen or used by Graham before or while he wrote the description. Therefore, we do not consider this specimen as original material.

Grau and Gronbach (1984), cited as type of S. hookeri a sample at K [K000648571], which exhibits the protologue information on the label (where the seeds were collected). In this case, it is possible that the data on the label could be copied from the protologue. Here we recognise this specimen as a neotype because we could not find original material. The same specimen at K has been cited as a holotype by Cosa (2013: 316), but given the previous reason, this should be considered incorrect.

Key characters.

Delicate and slender flowers, corolla lilac to rose, with stamens protruding from the corolla tube. The lower middle lobe attenuated into two caudate apex.

Distribution.

Southern Andean, endemic from Argentina and Chile. In the mountains of the Coastal range and the Andes. In Chile it grows from Coquimbo (Province of Limarí, 30°35' lat. S) to Biobío (Province of Biobío, 37°20' lat. S) and in Argentina it occurs in the Provinces of Mendoza and Neuquén. 900-3200 m a.s.l.

Cosa (2013: 317) rejects the presence of this species in the Argentinian Province of Mendoza, after checking specimens collected within the limits of this administrative area. However, we have found one sample of this taxon in the Department of Malargüe (Mendoza) (see the selected specimens examined).

Habitat.

Schizanthus hookeri is abundant in well-drained screes, along stream sides, slopes next to roads and moraines. Within these places, it grows in fine sandy soil, among rocks. It seems to be less frequent in open areas, including sunny banks or north-facing slopes. Regarding the vegetation, it can be seen in forest of Nothofagus Blume, arborescent scrub of Chuquiraga oppositifolia D.Don ( Asteraceae ), Baccharis neaei DC. ( Asteraceae ) and Festuca acanthophylla É.Desv. ( Poaceae ).

Conservation.

Argentina. Neuquén: Epu-Lauquén Protected Natural Area.

Chile. Valparaíso: La Campana National Park, Río Blanco National Reserve, Serranía El Ciprés Natural Sanctuary, Juncal Andean Park; Metropolitana: El Morado Natural Monument, Cerro El Roble Natural Sanctuary, Yerba Loca Natural Sanctuary; Maule: Radal Siete Tazas National Park, Altos de Lircay National Reserve, Bellotos del Melado National Reserve; Ñuble: Los Huemules de Niblinto National Reserve ( Rodríguez et al. 2008); Biobío: Laguna del Laja National Park.

Selected specimens examined.

Argentina. Mendoza: [ Malargüe Department] Trayecto desde Malargüe a Las Loicas, 1400-1750 m a.s.l., 29 Jan 1994, C. Villagrán, F. Hinojosa & R. Villa 8108 (CONC); Neuquén: [Huilliches Department] Reserva Laguna de Epu-Lauquen, 36°49'3"S, 71°4'51"W, 1470 m a.s.l., 2 Dec 2012, F.O. Zuloaga, L. Aagesen, M.V. Nicola & D.L. Salariato 15173 (SI);

Chile. Coquimbo: [ Limarí Province] El Maitén, 90 km al oriente de Ovalle, 1340 m a.s.l., 13 Nov 1943, R. Wagenknecht 149 (CONC, SGO, US); Cord. Ovalle, Cerro Loica, 2200 m a.s.l., 18 Dec 1965, C. Jiles 4734 (CONC); Camino a Central Los Molles, km 13, 30°43'42.4"S, 70°31'28.6"W, 1700 m a.s.l., 21 Jan 2005, M. Muñoz 4535 (SGO); [Choapa Province] Cerro Curimahuida, 10 km east of Matancilla and 15 km northeast of Sánchez mine, 2600-2800 m a.s.l., 23 Nov 1938, C.R. Worth & J.L. Morrison 16671 (SI); Dpto. Illapel, La Polcura, 31°30'S, 70°40'W, 2400 m a.s.l., 16 Feb 1962, C. Jiles 4255 (CONC); Las Mollacas, Cord. d. Illapel, Jan 1888, Unknown s.n. (SGO); Valparaíso: [Quillota Province] Between abandoned copper mine and bronze memorial plaque to Darwin, near summit of La Campana (Bell Mountain), 10 miles east of El Granizo, ca. 1750 m a.s.l., 15 Dec 1957, W.J. Eyerdam 10087 (F, SGO, US); Above Ramayama copper mine, Cerro Las Vizcachas, 1860 m a.s.l., 7 Dec 1951, P.C. Hutchinson 95 (F, US); Cerro La Campana, cerca de placa de Darwin, 1600 m a.s.l., 25 Nov 1962, P. Weisser 390 (CONC); [San Felipe Province] Santuario Serranía El Ciprés, 32°39'12"S, 70°48'57"W, 1779 m a.s.l., 21 Dec 2013, A. Madrid & J. Larraín 186 (CONC); [Los Andes Province] Portillo, Caracoles, 32°50'S, 70°7'W, 2580 m a.s.l., 14 Feb 1995, K. Gengler 35 (CONC); Parque Andino Juncal, Sendero Las Canchitas, 32°55'17.5"S, 70°4'58.1"W, 2726 m a.s.l., 5 Mar 2011, M.F. Gardner, C. Morter & G. Ovstebo 273 (E); Minera Andina, Saladillo, bajando desde túnel principal, 33°3'41.5"S, 70°14'54.6"W, 2900 m a.s.l., 16 Jan 2002, M. Muñoz 4147 (SGO); Metropolitana: [Chacabuco Province] Altos de Chicauma, 33°12'S, 70°56'W, 2050 m a.s.l., 10 Jan 2003, N. García 3799 (CONC); Camino a cerro El Roble, portezuelo hacia mina de cuarzo, 11 Jan 2004, M. Muñoz 4413 (SGO); Estero Colina, en el lecho mayor del estero, 33°11'56.5"S, 70°35'30"W, 14 Nov 2009, V. Morales & F. Cornejo 9 (SGO); [Santiago Province] Santuario de la Naturaleza Yerba Loca, ladera al NO del estero de La Yerba Loca, sector Qda. Agua Blanca, 33°17'S, 70°19'W, 2430 m a.s.l., 27 Feb 2000, M.T.K. Arroyo, M. Mihoc & C. Valdivia 202026 (CONC); Valle Nevado, 3 Km del cruce con La Parva, 33°21'34.5"S, 70°17'34.2"W, 2380 m a.s.l., 25 Jan 2003, M. Muñoz 4352 (SGO); Peñalolén, 1600-2300 m a.s.l., 30 Dec 1928, G. Looser 914 (SI); [Cordillera Province] San José de Maipo, Cajón de Morales: entre Baños Morales y las Panimávidas, 33°48'S, 70°4'W, 1850 m a.s.l., 22 Dec 2001, S. Teillier & C. Márquez 5255 (CONC); Bei Lo Valdés, 2500 m a.s.l., 2 Jan 1968, O. Zoellner 2561 (L); Cajón del Yeso, Termas El Plomo, 3000 m a.s.l., 20 Jan 1995, M. Muñoz, A. Moreira, I. Meza & J. Arriagada 3589 (SGO); O’Higgins: [Cachapoal Province] Camino de Caletones a Colón, km 2, 1700 m a.s.l., 17 Nov 1970, C. Marticorena & E. Weldt 661 (CONC, F); Cajón del Río Claro, Rengo, 34°30'S, 70°41'W, 6 Nov 2003, Fundación Philippi 97 (SGO); [Colchagua Province] Quebrada camino V. del Flaco, Huertecillas, 1100 m a.s.l., 8 Jan 1951, M. Ricardi s.n. (CONC); Alto Huemul, coord. UTM 345976E - 6137905N, 1645 m a.s.l., 3 Jan 2006, L. Faúndez & B. Larraín 1289 (CONC); Maule: [ Curicó Province] Hacienda Monte Grande, ca. 1700 m a.s.l., Dec 1924, E. Werdermann 509 (CONC, E, F, SI, U, US); Molina, Área de Protección, Radal Siete Tazas, camino hacia cerro El Alto, 29 Dec 1989, M. Muñoz 2514 (SGO): [Talca Province] Laguna del Maule, 36°1'S, 70°33'W, 2250 m a.s.l., 24 Jan 1990, M.F. Gardner & S. Knees 4473 (E, SGO); Alto de Vilches, camino a Laguna El Alto, 35°36'S, 71°1'W, 1800 m a.s.l., 29 Jan 2000, V. Finot & P. López 1732 (CONC); [Linares Province] Reserva Nacional Bellotos del Melado, 35°51'S, 71°5'W, 1330 m a.s.l., 19 Dec 1999, M.T.K. Arroyo, P. MacPherson, M. Mihoc, A. Humaña & C. Valdivia 996027 (CONC, SGO); Cajón de Ibáñez, 19 Jan 1938, Castellanos s.n. (BA); Ñuble: [ Diguillín Province] Termas de Chillán, 1800 m a.s.l., 5 Feb 1936, A.L. Cabrera 3634 (F); Termas de Chillán, Sendero hacia fumarolas, sobre nivel del bosque, 6 Feb 1993, M. Muñoz 3239 (SGO); Cord. de Chillán, Los Moscos, 1700 m a.s.l., Jan 1937, C. Grandjot & G. Grandjot 2028 (CONC); Biobío: [ Biobío Province] Orillas de la Laguna del Laja, 24 Jan 1969, M. Ricardi & C. Marticorena 5816/1977 (CONC, F).

Figures

Figure 4. A distribution of Schizanthus hookeri B illustration of S. hookeri published with the description of the species (Graham 1830) C examples of Schizanthus hookeri in Juncal Andean Park D La Campana National Park E distribution of Schizanthus grahamii F illustration of S. grahamii published with the description of the species (Hooker 1831 a) G examples of S. grahamii in Paso Vergara H Termas del Flaco I distribution of Schizanthus coccineus J-L examples of S. coccineus in La Parva (Metropolitan Region). Photos by M. Aldunate (C), A. Moreira-Munoz (D, K), S. Moreira (G, H), C. Jiron (J), V. Morales (L).