Phytocrene macrophylla (Blume) Blume

Rio, Cédric Del, Stull, Gregory W. & Franceschi, Dario De, 2020, Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales), European Journal of Taxonomy 645, pp. 1-130 : 64

Phytocrene macrophylla (Blume) Blume

Fig. 22.1–22.9

Material examined

Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description

MALAYSIA • Borneo ; Nov.–Dec. 1931; J. & M. S. Clemens 26544 Bis; L [ L.2289632] .

Other material

PHILIPPINE • 1916; A.D.E. Elmer 15960; P [ MNHN-P-P04513397 ].

Description

FRUIT. Elliptical, with a symmetrical and elongate apex, red when mature. Epicarp with clusters of yellow-red hairs. Mesocarp 330–400 µm thick, but thicker at the accrescent part when dry. Calyx not persistent. Length 55–130 mm, width 19–30 mm.

ENDOCARP. Cream, oblong in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length 40–60 mm, width 13.3– 25.0 mm, thickness 8–20 mm. No clear keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, but with a trace of keel present in the upper part. Apex asymmetrical, emarginate in lateral view; base acute, slightly asymmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits primarily longitudinally elongate, occasionally two pits are merged, 0.4–1.0 mm in diameter, more or less longitudinally arranged, with ca 11–12 pits longitudinally and 7–9 pits transversally (ca 90–105 pits per face). Pits shortly rounded, without tubercles. Ridges rounded, limited to two lateral ridges, not branched, only present in the upper third (apical end) of the endocarp length. The two lateral ridges reaching the apex at the location of the subapical pore. Endocarp wall 550–660 µm thick excluding pits (285 µm thick including pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with ca 10–16 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells 15.5–23.3 µm in length, followed by a layer with ca 13–19 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells 10.5–12.6 µm in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells 8.2–9.02 µm in width, lining the locule surface with inflated cells. Locule with rounded protuberances due to the thickening of the wall under the pits.