Coelorinchus multispinulosus Katayama, 1942

Nakayama, Naohide, 2020, Grenadiers (Teleostei: Gadiformes: Macrouridae) of Japan and adjacent waters, a taxonomic monograph, Megataxa 3 (1), pp. 1-383 : 108-113

Coelorinchus multispinulosus Katayama, 1942

[Japanese name: Yari-hige]

( Figs. 34D , 72–74 ; Appendix 3-4D)

[?] Macrourus japonicus (not Temminck & Schlegel 1846): Temminck & Schlegel 1846:256, pl. CXII, figs. II, IIa, IIb [original description; in part, 2 paralectotypes, RMNH D1405 and RMNH D1406; “bays in provinces Oomura and Shimabara” (Nagasaki Pref.)]; Boeseman 1947:184 (reexamination of type specimens; in part, 2 paralectotypes, RMNH D1405 and RMNH D1406).

Coelorhynchus anagirostris [sic] (not Coelorhynchus anatirostris Jordan & Gilbert in Jordan and Starks 1904): Jordan & Thompson 1914:306 [1 spec. from Misaki; FMNH 57216 (ex. CM 6155a)].

[?] Coelorhynchus japonicus (not Temminck & Schlegel 1846): Kikuchi 1931:9 (listed; Toyama Bay); Katayama 1940:26 (listed; Toyama Bay); Mori 1952:72 (listed; east of Korean Peninsula); Mori 1956:10 (listed; Kasumi and Hamada, San’in, Sea of Japan); Uchida et al. 1957:28 (listed; Tsuyazaki, Fukuoka Pref.); Yamashita 1959:22 (listed; Genkai-nada off Saga Pref.); Lindberg & Legeza 1969:243, fig. 239 (compiled; brief description; Sea of Japan); Tsuda 1990:566, unnumbered figs. (compiled; Sea of Japan); Shinohara et al. 2014:241 (listed; Sea of Japan).

Coelorhynchus multispinulosus Katayama, 1942:332 , fig. 1 [original description; 1 spec. from “Tsuiyama Market, Hyogo-ken”, catalog number of holotype not indicated (now known as NSMT-P 18224); new Japanese name: “Yari-hige”]; Matsubara 1955:1310, pl. 133, fig. 454 (in key; Japan; C. vermicularis a junior synonym of C. multispinulosus ); Mori 1956:10 (listed; Tsuiyama, San’in, Sea of Japan); Kamohara 1958:73 (listed; Kochi Pref.); Okada et al. 1959:83 (listed; Kumano-nada); Chyung & Kim 1959:7, pl. II, figs. 15, 17 [first record from Korea; brief description; 6 spec. from Korea (Pusan, Masan, Tongyung, and Yeosu)]; Kamohara 1961b:68, pl. 68, fig. 1 [compiled; Japan; erroneously noted Japanese name as “Yaridara” (Inase-hige)”]; Chu et al. 1963:172, fig. 138 [description; 4 spec. from China (Wenzhou, Zhoushan, Jiangsu, and northern part of East China Sea)]; Kamohara 1964:95 (listed; Kochi Pref.); Tsuda 1964:6 (listed; Toyama Bay); Tatara et al. 1965:121 (listed; off Shikoku); Matsubara 1965:505 (compiled; Japan); Lindberg & Legeza 1969:243, figs. 233, 234A, 237, 238A (compiled; brief description; Sea of Japan); Okamura 1970a:156, pl. XXXIII, text-fig. 63 (description; biological notes; 89 spec. from Pacific off southern Japan from Heta to Shibushi and East China Sea); Takegawa & Morino 1970:388 (listed; Wakasa Bay, Sea of Japan); Honma et al. 1972:56, fig. 6 (brief description; 1 spec. from Niigata Pref.); Shiogaki & Dotsu 1973:30 (listed; Nomozaki, Nagasaki Pref.); Dotsu & Nakamura 1976:285 (listed; Tsushima Island); Takata et al. 1979: table 1 (listed; Sea of Japan off Tsushima Island); Kataoka & Tomida 1981:78 (listed; Mie Pref.); Tominaga & Uyeno 1981:488 (listed; Japan); Ohta 1983: table A (listed; Suruga Bay); Tsuda 1990:569, unnumbered figs. (compiled; Sea of Japan); Shinohara et al. 2011:41 [listed (based on holotype); Sea of Japan]; Shinohara et al. 2014:241 (listed; Sea of Japan).

Coelorhynchus vermicularis Matsubara, 1943:133 , figs. 1A, 2A, 3 [original description; holotype: FAKU 2495 (ex SKFC 3), from Kumano-nada; 3 paratypes from Kumano-nada]; Kuroda 1947:31 (brief description; 1 spec. from Suruga Bay); Kuroda 1951:391 (listed; Suruga Bay); Kamohara 1952:99 (spec. from Kochi Pref.).

[?] Coelorhynchus parallelus (not G̹nther 1877): Yanai 1950:22 (listed; San’in; Sea of Japan); Lindberg & Legeza 1969:244, figs. 236, 240 (compiled; brief description; Sea of Japan); Tsuda 1990:569, unnumbered figs. (compiled; Sea of Japan).

Coelorhynchus intermedius Chu & Lo in Chu, Chan & Chen, 1963:173, fig. 139 [original description; holotype: SFU 1773 , from East China Sea off Zhejiang, China; 5 paratypes from Zhejiang, China).

Coelorhynchus abbreviatus Chu & Lo in Chu, Chan & Chen, 1963:174, fig. 140 (original description; 4 spec. from East China Sea off Zhejian, China).

[?] Coelorhynchus longissimus (not Matsubara 1943): Tsuda 1964:6 (listed; Toyama Bay); Tsuda 1990:569, unnumbered figs. (compiled; Sea of Japan).

[?] Coelorhynchus kamoharai (not Matsubara 1943): Tsuda 1964:6 (listed; Toyama Bay); Takata et al. 1979: table 1 (listed; Sea of Japan off Tsushima Island); Tsuda 1990:566, unnumbered figs. (compiled; Sea of Japan).

Coelorhynchus (Quincuncia) multispinulosus: Okamura 1970b : table 1 (listed; Japan).

Coelorinchus multispinulosus: Yatou 1984:223 , 365, fig. 158 [brief description; 7 spec. from Okinawa Trough; photo based on BSKU spec. (catalog no. unknown)]; Okamura 1984b:96, pl. 82, fig. H (compiled); Kamohara & Okamura 1985:32, pl. 31, fig. 153 (compiled; Japan); Kishida 1986:100 (brief description; East China and Yellow Seas); Okamura 1988:96, pl. 82, fig. H (compiled); Iwamoto 1990:174, fig. 398 (synopsis); Fujioka 1991:119 [listed; Yamaguchi Pref. (Murozumi, Seto Inland Sea)]; Suzuki & Kataoka 1997:82, pl. 33, fig. 178 (brief description; 1 spec. from Kumanonada); Okamura 1997:126, fig. 8 (compiled); Youn 2002:538 (listed; Korea); Shao et al. 2008b: table 2 (11 spec. listed from northeastern Taiwan); Tamai et al. 2012:34, fig. 2F (1 spec. from Enshu-nada); Nakabo & Kai 2013:506 (in key; Japan); Ikeda & Nakabo 2015:320, pl. 66, figs. 8–11 (brief description; spec. from Wakayama Pref.); Iwamoto et al. 2015:63 (brief description; 46 spec. from northeastern and northern Taiwan); Iwatsubo & Motomura 2017:59, unnumbered fig. (listed; Kagoshima Bay); Fujiwara et al. 2018:51, fig. 5E, table 1 (3 spec. listed from Yamaguchi Pref.); Sonoyama et al. 2020:29 (4 spec. listed from Yamaguchi Pref., Sea of Japan); Motomura 2020:38 (listed; Japan).

Coelorhynchus multisspinulosus [sic]: Akazaki 1984:265 (listed; Aoshima, Miyazaki Pref.).

Caelorinchus multispinulosus: Nakabo 1993:366 (in key; Japan); Shao 1993:170, fig. 37-10 (compiled; Taiwan); Yamada et al. 1995:96, fig. 23 (compiled; East China and Yellow Seas); Shinohara & Matsuura 1997:291 (listed; Suruga Bay); Shinohara et al. 1998:111 (listed; Tachibana Bay, Nagasaki); Nakabo 2000:430 (in key; Japan); Shinohara et al. 2001:304 (15 spec. listed from Tosa Bay); Nakabo 2002:430 (in key; Japan); Yoda et al. 2002:11 (listed; East China and Yellow Seas); Nakajima 2003:53, pl. 15, fig. 86 (brief description; 1 spec. from Enshu-nada); Matsumoto 2005: table 1 (listed; Shimane Pref.); Shinohara et al. 2005:417 (42 spec. listed from Ryukyu Islands); Kim et al. 2005:173, fig. 294 (compiled; Korea); Yamada et al. 2007:312, pl. 14, fig. 5 (brief description; 1 spec.; East China and Yellow Seas; biological notes); Kim et al. 2009a:13 (listed; Jeju Island, Korea); Furuhashi et al. 2010: table 2 (27 spec. listed from northern Okinawa Trough); Kawano et al. 2014: appendix table (listed; Sea of Japan); Iwatsuki et al. 2017:32 (listed; Hyuga-nada).

Caelorinchus (Quincuncia) multispinulosus: Chiou et al. 2004a : table 1 (listed; Taiwan).

Caelorinchus mulispinulosus [sic]: Nishida et al. 2004: table 1 (listed; Tsuyazaki, Fukuoka Pref.).

[?] Caelorinchus japonicus (not Temminck & Schlegel 1846): Nishida et al. 2004: table 1 (listed; Tsuyazaki, Fukuoka Pref.); Kawano et al. 2014: appendix table (listed; Sea of Japan).

Caelorinchus sp .: Matsuura et al. 2009:24 (in part, NSMT-P 73336; 1 spec. from Fukushima Pref.).

[?] Coelorhinchus kamoharai (not Matsubara 1943): Kawano et al. 2014: appendix table (listed; Sea of Japan).

[?] Coelorhinchus longissimus (not Matsubara 1943): Kawano et al. 2014: appendix table (listed; Sea of Japan).

[?] Coelorhinchus parallelus (not G̹nther 1877): Kawano et al. 2014: appendix table (listed; Sea of Japan); Shinohara et al. 2014:241 (listed; Sea of Japan).

Diagnosis. Light organ tubular, completely covered with scales, externally represented by long black streak extending from immediately anterior to anus to chest just posterior to isthmus. Underside of head completely naked except for overlapping scales posterior to lateral nasal ridges; dorsal surface of snout broadly naked along each side of median rostral ridge. Snout long, sharply pointed, length 68–81% PRL, its dorsal profile straight in lateral view; terminal scute short, arrowhead-shaped, dorsoventrally flattened, length 8–20% PRL. Lateral nasal ridge incompletely supported by nasal bone.Anus abutting anal-fin origin. Premaxillary teeth small, slender, conical in moderately wide, long, tapered band, with outer series slightly enlarged; posterior margin of tooth band almost reaching lateral corner of mouth. Body scales covered with short, erect, needle-like spinules in quincunx order; tips of spinules recurved posteriorly; base of each spinule lacking buttresses. Second dorsal fin distinctly lower than anal fin. Upper-jaw length 45–52% PRL; pectoral-fin length 56–72% PRL; height of first dorsal fin 81–100% PRL; interdorsal length 25–41% PRL; length of gill slit 21–27% PRL; barbel length 16–24% PRL. Nape and dorsal half of body overlain with dark vermiculations or small irregular spots; faint dark blotches serially arranged along lower 1/3 of body; ventral half of head and body silvery white when viewed laterally; median nasal bone blackish; underside of head generally pale, without short, black, hair-like papillae; lips pale to dusky; oral cavity immaculate; gular and branchiostegal membranes heavily peppered; chest dark; first dorsal fin dusky, but second spinous ray prominently blackish; pelvic fin pale to dusky.

Material examined. 35 specimens. Holotype of Coelorhynchus multispinulosus : NSMT-P 18224 (52.1 mm HL, 190+ mm TL), Tsuiyama market, Hyogo Pref., Japan, Sea of Japan, Apr. 1942 . Holotype of Coelorhynchus intermedius: SFU 1773 (51.7 mm HL, 190+ mm TL), northern part of East China Sea, off Zhejiang, China, Feb. 1958 . Non-types : Japan : BSKU 27774 (1, 68.3 mm HL, 258+ mm TL), west of Amamioshima Island, Okinawa Trough , 28.4167ºN, 127.0000ºE, 200 m, F/ V Ryoan-maru, No. 28, tr. 53, bottom trawl, coll. Y. Kinoshita and S. Hagino, 12 Mar. 1978 ; BSKU 28671 (1, 62.8 mm HL, 270 mm TL), northwest of Amami-oshima Island, Okinawa Trough , 29.9167ºN, 127.4833ºE, 130–160 m, F/ V Ryoan-maru, No. 28, tr. 81, bottom trawl, coll. Y. Kinoshita and S. Hagino, 22 Mar. 1978 ; BSKU 91328 (1, 66.1 mm HL, 278+ mm TL), Saga fish market, otter trawl, 27 Jun. 2007 ; BSKU 99273 (1, 69.9 mm HL, 290+ mm TL) , BSKU 99274 (1, 63.5 mm HL, 254+ mm TL) , BSKU 99275 (1, 53.0 mm HL, 208+ mm TL), Saga fish market, otter trawl, 27 May 2007 ; BSKU 99390 (1, 67.2 mm HL, 257+ mm TL) , BSKU 99391 (1, 61.9 mm HL, 219+ mm TL) , BSKU 99392 (1, 57.3 mm HL, 244+ mm TL) , BSKU 99393 (1, 68.1 mm HL, 254+ mm TL) , BSKU 99394 (1, 69.7 mm HL, 265+ mm TL) , BSKU 99398 (1, 61.4 mm HL, 224+ mm TL), Saga fish market, otter trawl, 8 Jun. 2007 ; BSKU 99263 (1, 46.6 mm HL, 195+ mm TL), Mimase fish market, bottom trawl, 1 Mar. 2006 ; BSKU 99362 (1, 59.8 mm HL, 243+ mm TL) , BSKU 99364 (1, 60.2 mm HL, 275+ mm TL) , BSKU 99365 (1, 37.2 mm HL, 143+ mm TL) , BSKU 99370 (1, 70.1 mm HL, 295+ mm TL), Mimase fish market, bottom trawl, 11 Jan. 2007 ; BSKU 9672 (1, 78.7 mm HL, 332+ mm TL), Mimase fish market, coll. T. Kamohara, 24 Dec. 1950 ; KSHS 19279 (1, 80.7 mm HL, 346+ mm TL), Mimase fish market, coll. T. Yamakawa, 3 Mar. 1981 ; BSKU 95364 (1, 57.3 mm HL, 227+ mm TL), Mimase fish market, F/ V Kosei-maru, bottom trawl, coll. N. Nakayama, 12 Mar. 2008 ; BSKU 92369 (1, 55.4 mm HL, 249 mm TL), Mimase fish market, F/ V Kosei-maru, bottom trawl, coll. N. Nakayama, 16 Nov. 2007 ; BSKU 108900 (1, 78.8 mm HL, 332+ mm TL), off Kannoura , Mimase fish market, bottom trawl, 2007 ; BSKU 11562 (1, 79.3 mm HL, 288+ mm TL), Mimase or Urado fish markets, bottom trawl, coll. A. Kashiwagi and S. Furuno, 11 Oct. 1965 ; BSKU 112976 (1, 35.8 mm HL, 166 mm TL), Etomo fish market, Matsue, Sea of Japan, F/ V Ichiwa-maru, bottom trawl, coll. Y. Misawa, 17 Mar. 2014 ; BSKU 112572 (1, 52.4 mm HL, 230+ mm TL) , BSKU 112574 (1, 54.1 mm HL, 218+ mm TL) , * BSKU 112578 (1, 64.3 mm HL, 292+ mm TL), Etomo fish market, Matsue, Sea of Japan, F/ V Myojin-maru, bottom trawl, coll. Y. Misawa, 17 Mar. 2014 ; KPM-NI 23523 (1, 60.0 mm HL, 281+ mm TL), west of Akita, Sea of Japan, coll. H. Sugiyama, 2008 ; KPM-NI 20135 (1, 42.3 mm HL, 198 mm TL), west of Akita, Sea of Japan, 120 m, F/ V Kane-maru, coll. H. Sugiyama, 28 Mar. 2007 . South China Sea : BSKU 17171 (1, 50.4 mm HL, 209+ mm TL) , BSKU 17172 (1, 45.8 mm HL, 169+ mm TL), southeast of Ho Chi Minh , 6.8600ºN, 108.7867ºE, 135–137 m, R/ V Hakuho-maru, cr. KH-72-01, sta. 50, beam trawl, coll. O. Okamura, 10–11 Jul. 1972 ; SFU SH1607 (1, 52.1 mm HL, 191+ mm TL) , SFU SH1614 (1, 40.6 mm HL, 170+ mm TL), off Paracel Islands , Dec. 1972 .

Counts and measurements. Based on 34 specimens (35.8–80.7 mm HL, 143+–346+ mm TL). Counts: first dorsal-fin rays II,8–10; pectoral-fin rays i12–i18; pelvicfin rays 7; gill rakers on first arch (outer/inner) 0/7–9, on second arch 5–6/7–9; longitudinal scales 39–50; transverse scale rows below first dorsal-fin origin 5.5–8.5, below first dorsal-fin midbase 4–6, below second dorsalfin origin 4.5–7, above anal-fin origin 14–20.5.

The following measurements are in % of HL, followed by those in % of PRL in parentheses: snout length 41–45 (68–81); orbit diameter 23–28 (40–47); postorbital length 30–36 (53–61); postrostral length 56– 60; orbit–preopercle distance 34–39 (58–66); suborbital width 11–14 (20–25); upper-jaw length 26–30 (45–52); length of rictus 20–25 (34–41); length of premaxillary tooth band 17–22 (30–37); preoral length 31–38 (52–68); length of terminal snout scute 5–11 (8–20);length of lateral nasal ridge 25–31 (42–56); length of suborbital ridge 93–99 (158–175); snout width 22–26 (38–45); internasal width 19–22 (33–39); interorbital width 22–25 (38–43); occipital width 4–8 (7–14); body width over pectoral-fin bases 32–44 (56–75); body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 47–60 (81–104); body depth at anal-fin origin 42–53 (73– 92); prepelvic length 103–113 (177–196); preanus length 138–156 (241–264); preanal length 141–160 (245–272); isthmus–pelvic distance 33–44 (58–75); isthmus–anus distance 74–85 (125–144); isthmus–anal distance 67–94 (119–160); pelvic–anal distance 38–54 (67–92); anusanal distance 2–4 (4–7); pelvic-fin length 25–36 (42–62); pectoral-fin length 32–42 (56–72); predorsal length 103– 113 (178–197); height of first dorsal fin 48–57 (81–100); length of first dorsal-fin base 18–26 (31–41); interdorsal length 15–24 (25–41); length of gill slit 12–16 (21–27); length of posterior nostril 5–8 (8–15); barbel length 9–14 (16–24).

Size. To about 38 cm TL ( Okamura 1970a).

Distribution. Distributed in the northwestern Pacific from Japan to China. Known from off the Pacific coasts of Japan northward to Iwaki (37.05ºN; Fukushima Pref.), the Sea of Japan south of Akita (ca. 40ºN), and the East and South China Seas ( Chyung & Kim 1959; Shao et al. 2008a, 2008b; this study; Appendix 3-4D). Depth range 78–400 m, but usually less than 200 m. Common in Pacific Japan west of the Kii Channel (134.92ºE) and the Sea of Japan west of the Oki Islands (133.16ºE), as well as on the continental shelf of the East China Sea.

Nomenclatural discussion. Coelorinchus multispinulosus was originally described by Katayama (1942) based on a single specimen obtained at the Tsuiyama fish market in Hyogo Pref., Japan (collected from the Sea of Japan; Fig. 73 ).A year later, Matsubara (1943) described C. vermicularis based on four specimens collected from the Kumano-nada, Japan, and then (1955:1310) subsequently synonymized the species with C. multispinulosus . Unfortunately, the holotype of C. vermicularis was lost during WWII (see also the Comments on holotype of C. hige ), and no paratypes were rediscovered during this study. Matsubara’s (1943) detailed description of C. vermicularis agrees well with the holotype and additional specimens of C. multispinulosus , and thus these two names are considered synonymous in this study.

Chu & Lo (in Chu et al. 1963) described C. abbreviatus and C. intermedius from the northwestern part of the East China Sea off China, based on four and six specimens respectively. Subsequently, Okamura (1970a) synonymized these two species with C. formosanus Okamura, 1963 without explanation of type specimens of C. abbreviatus and C. intermedius , and all subsequent authors have followed his treatment. During a visit to Shanghai Ocean University in 2018, the present author had an opportunity to examine one of the type specimens labeled as the holotype of C. intermedius (SFU 1773, 51.7 mm HL, 190+ mm TL; Fig. 74 ). Unfortunately, no other types of C. intermedius and C. abbreviatus were found among the SFU fish collection. While there were two specimens labeled as “ paratypes of C. intermedius ” (SFU SH1607, 52.1 mm HL, 191+ mm TL; SFU SH1614, 40.6 mm HL, 170+ mm TL), these specimens were collected in December 1978 (after the original description), and apparently not included in the type series of C. intermedius .

An examination of the holotypes of C. multispinulosus and C. intermedius , along with 32 additional specimens from Japan, China, and the South China Sea, revealed that these two species are not distinguished morphologically. All measurements of the holotype of C. intermedius lie within the range of variation for the C. multispinulosus specimens examined. Unfortunately, the coloration of the holotype of C. intermedius is completely faded due to its long preservation in formalin, and the presence of the unique vermiculations characterizing C. multispinulosus could not be confirmed in this specimen. However, no significant differences were found in other features including dentition, squamation, and spinulation on the body scales; and thus there is no doubt about their conspecificity.

Although type specimens of C. abbreviatus were not available for this study, the original description strongly suggests that the species simply represents an occasional variant of C. multispinulosus . Chu & Lo (in Chu et al. 1963) distinguished C. abbreviatus from C. multispinulosus by the development of the “caudal fin” [sic] (prominent vs. rudimentary) and the numbers of second dorsal- (47–55 vs. 93–104) and anal-fin rays (44–52 vs. 87–97). However, a true caudal fin is absent in macrourids ( Iwamoto 1970; Okamura 1970b). As noted by Iwamoto (1970:322) and Okamura (1970b:110–111, fig. 58), the tip of the tail is frequently damaged during ontogeny, and a pseudocaudal often replaces the broken end. Most likely, Chu & Lo’s (in Chu et al. 1963) “caudal fin” refers to a developed pseudocaudal. Because the size of the pseudocaudal reflects how much the tail tip is damaged, it is an unreliable character in grenadier taxonomy. The numbers of second dorsal- and anal-fin rays are also affected by damage to the tail tip; therefore, they cannot be used to separate species of grenadiers. The illustration of C. abbreviatus provided by Chu & Lo (in Chu et al. 1963: fig. 140) clearly depicts that the tail of the species is largely damaged at the distal end, where a prominent pseudocaudal is developed. Furthermore, Chu &Lo (in Chu et al. 1963) distinguished C.abbreviatus from C. intermedius , the latter of which is also regarded here as a junior synonym of C. multispinulosus (see previous paragraphs), by the length from the anus to the “caudal-fin base” [sic, probably the base of the pseudocaudal] (about equal to vs. 1.5–1.6 in preanal length), and the numbers of second dorsal- (47–55 vs. 61–70) and anal-fin rays (44–52 vs. 60–68). However, these differences can also be attributed to the damaged tail tip in the type specimens of C. abbreviatus . Consequently, C. abbreviatus is herein synonymized with C. multispinulosus .

While C. abbreviatus and C. intermedius were previously regarded as junior synonyms of C. formosanus Okamura, 1963 , their senior synonym C. multispinulosus is readily differentiated from C. formosanus in that the underside of the head is completely naked, except for characteristic overlapping scales posterior to the lateral nasal ridges; these features were described in the original descriptions of the former two species, and also confirmed by the examination of the holotype of C. intermedius in this study. By contrast, the underside of the head of C. formosanus is broadly scaled on the ventral surfaces of the preopercles and posterior portions of the mandibular rami.

Remarks, relationships, and comparisons. For further morphological details see Okamura (1970a). Coelorinchus multispinulosus belongs to the C. argentatus group (see the Relationships for C. formosanus ) and is most similar to C. pardus Iwamoto & Williams, 1999 known from the Arafura Sea, but the two species differ most notably from each other in the body markings. A thorough comparison of the two species was provided in the original description of C. pardus .

Because of their close resemblance, in Japanese waters C. multispinulosu s may be confused with C. kamoharai Matsubara, 1943 or C. longissimus Matsubara, 1943 . However, it is readily distinguished from C. kamoharai by lacking short, dark, hair-like papillae on the underside of the head and the top of the snout (vs. present and densely scattered), and from C. longissimus by having spinules on the body scales arranged in quincunx order (vs. subparallel to narrowly divergent rows).

Figures

FIGURE 34. Scanning electron micrographs showing body scales (from the dorsum below the interdorsal space) of four species of the Coelorinchus argentatus group. (A) C. formosanus, BSKU 99863, ca. 72 mm HL; (B) C. kamoharai, BSKU 93575, 59.6 mm HL; (C) C. longissimus, BSKU 40448, 95.9 mm HL; (D) C. multispinulosus, BSKU 99273, 69.9 mm HL. Views from above. [Photos: N. Nakayama]

FIGURE 72. Fresh specimens of Coelorinchus multispinulosus. (A–C) BSKU 112572, 52.4 mm HL, 230+ mm TL, Etomo fish market, Shimane Pref., Sea of Japan; (D–F) BSKU 95364, 57.3 mm HL, 227+ mm HL, Mimase fish market, Kochi Pref., Pacific; (G–I) BSKU 112578, 64.3 mm HL, 292+ mm TL, collected with BSKU 112572. (A, D, G) Lateral views; (B, E, H) dorsal and (C, F, I) ventral views of the head and trunk. [Photos: N. Nakayama]

FIGURE 73. Holotype of Coelorhynchus multispinulosus (= Coelorinchus multispinulosus). NSMT-P 18224, 52.1 mm HL, 190+ mm TL, Tsuiyama market, Hyogo Pref., Sea of Japan. (A) Lateral, (B) dorsal, and (C) ventral views. Preserved condition. [Photos: N. Nakayama]

FIGURE 74. Preserved specimen of Coelorinchus multispinulosus. SFC 1773, holotype of Coelorhynchus intermedius, 51.7 mm HL, 190+ mm TL, off Zhejian, China, East China Sea. (A) Lateral, (B) dorsal, and (C) ventral views. [Photos: N. Nakayama]