Simulium (Eusimulium) velutinum (Santos Abreu)

Crosskey, Roger W. & Crosskey, Margaret E., 2000, An investigation of the black ¯ y fauna of Andalusia, southern Spain (Diptera: Simuliidae), Journal of Natural History 34 (6), pp. 895-951 : 916-918

8. Simulium (Eusimulium) velutinum (Santos Abreu)

Spain references: Beaucournu-Saguez (1975a, as aureum s.l. and? rubzovianum; 1975b, as latinum), Leonhardt (1985, as Eusimulium aureum sibling`I’, also as sibling`K’ from`Gibraltar’ (locality error, see later in this paper), GonzaÂlez PenÄa (1985, as latinum), GonzaÂlez PenÄa et al. (1986, as aureum s.l.), GonzaÂlez PenÄa et al. (1987, as latinum), GonzaÂlez PenÄa (1990), GonzaÂlez (1997). [Some pre-1970s records of S. aureum certainly relate to this species.]

Andalusia records

Authors’ material. Site 1: 4 larvae. Site 2: 4 pupae, 6 larvae. Site 3: 17 pupae, 33 larvae. Site 4: 1 (l 1), 4 larvae. Site 6: 1 larva. Site 8: 2 (l 1), 1m (1), 7 pupae. Site 9: 3 larvae. Site 11: 10 larvae. Site 13: 22 pupae, 24 larvae. Site 14: 5 larvae. Site 17: 5 pupae, 11 larvae. Site 25: 2 (l1), 20 pupae, 13 larvae. Site 27: 5 larvae. Site 31: 1 (l1). Site 34: 1 pupa, 2 larvae. Site 36: 2 (l1), 10 pupae, 4 larvae. Site 37: 10 pupae, 58 larvae. Site 38: 4 pupae, 16 larvae. Site 41: 7 pupae, 6 larvae. Site 45: 1 (l1), 1m (1), 1 pupa. Site 68: 20 pupae, 26 larvae. Site 69: 10 pupae, 1 larva. Site 71: 2 (l 1), 53 pupae, 13 larvae. Site 73: 6 pupae, 16 larvae. Site 74: 2 (l1), 4 pupae. Site 76: 1m (1), 15 pupae, 32 larvae. Site 77: 4 pupae, 1 larva. Site 78: 6 pupae. Site 80: 6 pupae, 22 larvae. Site 81: 2 pupae, 13 larvae. Site 83: 1 pupa, 17 larvae. Site 84: 4 pupae, 12 larvae. Site 85: 1 (l 1), 90 pupae, 52 larvae. Site 86: 21 pupae, 18 larvae. Site 87: 14 pupae, 1 larva (19.iii.1996), 5 pupae (28.iv.1996), 1 pupa, 13 larvae (8.iv.1997). Site 88: 4 pupae (19.iii.1996), 31 pupae, 8 larvae (28.iv.1996). Site 90: 1 (l1), 1m (1), 3 pupae, 3 larvae. Site 92: 4 larvae. Site 93: 77 pupae, 24 larvae. Site 95: 5 pupae, 1 larva. Site 96: 15 pupae, 21

FIGS 4±13. Discriminating characters in species of Simulium (Eusimulium) occurring in Andalusia. (4±7) S. petricolum : (4) outline of lventral plate, plane view; (5) style of lgenitalia, two views; (6) spermatheca; (7) shape of lhind basitarsus (arrowed). (8) S. angustipes : style of lgenitalia, for shape comparison with the other species. (10±13) S. velutinum : (10) outline of lventral plate, plane view; (11) style of l genitalia, two views; (9, 12) spermatheca; (13) shape of lhind basitarsus (arrowed).

larvae. Site 98: 1 (l1), 3 pupae, 11 larvae. Site 99: 5 (l 1), 3m (1), 96 pupae, 45 larvae. Site 102: 1m (1). Site 103: 1 (l 1), 81 pupae, 21 larvae. Site 105: 17 pupae, 1 larva. Site 109: 2 (l1), 1m (1), 14 pupae, 14 larvae. Site 111: 1 (l 1), 10 pupae, 50 larvae. Site 113: 24 pupae, 44 larvae. Site 115: 1 (l1), 6 pupae, 3 larvae. Site 117: 1m. Site 119: 1 pupa, 1 larva (18.v.1986), 1 (l1), 1m (1), 5 pupae (23.iii.1996). Site 120: 1 pupa, 10 larvae (1.viii.1974). Site 124: 11 larvae. Site 127: 7 pupae, 2 larvae. Site 128: 4 pupae, 3 larvae. Site 133: 1 (l1), 1m (1), 14 pupae, 13 larvae.

Other specimens seen. Granada: 1m (in spirit, spermatheca examined), AlmunÄecar , 0±30 m [VF36], 18.vii.1960 (Vockeroth) ( CNC) .

Previous reports. CoÂrdoba: RõÂo Yeguas (UH84946 6 and UH95336 2) (refs GonzaÂlez PenÄa et al., 1986 as aureum s.l., GonzaÂlez PenÄa, 1990); MaÂlaga: Arroyo de la Venta (UF3394), RõÂo Campanillas (UF6565/6588/6672), RõÂo Genal (TF9542), RõÂo Grande (UF3363), RõÂo Guadalteba (UF2688), RõÂo Guadiaro (TF9253), RõÂo Turon (UF3684) (ref. GonzaÂlez PenÄa et al., 1987, as latinum). JaeÂn: irrigation channel to RõÂo Guadiel, 4 km E of BaileÂn [VH31] (ref. Beaucournu-Saguez, 1975a as `rubzovianum?’, identity certain from male genitalia ®gure).

The following records of `S. aureum s.l. ’ by Beaucournu-Sague z (1975a) probably relate to velutinum , namely JaeÂn: Arroyo de los Chopos, 6 km E of AnduÂjar [VH11], RõÂo Escobar, 10 km E of AnduÂjar [VH11], RõÂo Rumblar, 12 km W of BaileÂn [VH21], and irrigation channel to RõÂo Guadiel 4 km E of BaileÂn [VH31]; Granada: Embalse de Cubillas, 12 km NW of Granada [VG42], Pinos-Genil, RõÂo Genil and cement channel at El Blanqueo [VG51].

Remarks

This is the common and widespread member of the S. aureum species-group (5 Eusimulium ) in Andalusia. It is morphologically distinguished from the much rarer S. petricolum by the adult characters mentioned under that species. Cytologically it is de®ned as the `aureum I’ sibling (Leonhardt, 1985). A third Eusimulium species , S. angustipes Edwards (5`aureum E’ sibling), occurs in northern Spain but we have found no evidence for its presence in Andalusia; we have therefore identi®ed non- petricolum specimens of Eusimulium in our material as belonging to velutinum even when there are no pharate or reared adults in the sample by which this can be completely veri®ed. Simulium (Eusimulium) angustipes can be distinguished from both petricolum and velutinum by the shape of the male gonostyle, which is very broad medially compared to the other species (®gure 8); the spermatheca is like that of petricolum but the male hind basitarsus is slender like that of velutinum .