Simulium (Simulium) intermedium Roubaud, 1906

Crosskey, Roger W. & Crosskey, Margaret E., 2000, An investigation of the black ¯ y fauna of Andalusia, southern Spain (Diptera: Simuliidae), Journal of Natural History 34 (6), pp. 895-951 : 928-929

19. Simulium (Simulium) intermedium Roubaud

Spain references: Grenier and Bertrand (1954, as ornatum var. nitidifrons ), Carlsson (1969, as Odagmia ornata , in part), Beaucournu-Saguez (1972, as nitidifrons , Spain listed without locality), Beaucournu-Saguez (1975a, 1975b, as nitidifrons ), GonzaÂlez PenÄa (1985, as nitidifrons ), GonzaÂlez PenÄa et al. (1986, as ornatum group sp.), GonzaÂlez PenÄa et al. (1987, as nitidifrons ), GonzaÂlez PenÄa (1990), VincËon and Clergue-Gazeau (1993), GonzaÂlez (1997).

Andalusia records

Authors’ material. Site 2: 2 (l1), 1m (1), 17 pupae, 55 larvae. Site 3: 66 pupae, 76 larvae. Site 4: 1 (l 1), 4 pupae, 17 larvae. Site 5: 1 pupa, 3 larvae. Site 6: 5 pupae, 27 larvae. Site 7: 2 pupae, 45 larvae. Site 8: 2 (l1), 39 pupae, 49 larvae. Site 9: 24 pupae, 212 larvae. Site 10: 1 pupa, 11 larvae. Site 11: 1 pupa. Site 12: 5 (l1), 3m (1), 25 pupae. Site 13: 1 pupa. Site 17: 2 pupae. Site 22: 1m (1), 13 pupae, 74 larvae. Site 23: 1m (1). Site 25: 35 pupae, 24 larvae. Site 26: 1 (l1), 7 pupae, 31 larvae. Site 29: 4 pupae, 28 larvae. Site 31: 22 pupae, 73 larvae. Site 33: 3 pupae, 31 larvae. Site 34: 5 pupae, 32 larvae. Site 36: 54 pupae, 54 larvae. Site 38: 4 pupae, 10 larvae. Site 39: 2 pupae, 40 larvae. Site 40: 6 (l1), 6m (1), 105 pupae, 74 larvae. Site 41: 7 pupae, 13 larvae. Site 42: 30 pupae, 58 larvae. Site 43: 2 (l1), 1m (1), 26 pupae, 149 larvae. Site 45: 1m (1), 28 pupae, 14 larvae. Site 46: 22 pupae, 30 larvae. Site 48: 1 pupa. Site 56: 10 pupae, 7 larvae. Site 59: 20 larvae. Site 67: 12 pupae, 80 larvae. Site 69: 1m (1), 2 pupae, 4 larvae. Site 72: 36 pupae, 17 larvae. Site 73: 7 pupae, 5 larvae. Site 74: 1 (l1), 1m (1), 12 pupae, 46 larvae. Site 75: 9 pupae, 22 larvae. Site 76: 1m (1), 6 pupae, 1 larva. Site 77: 8 pupae, 36 larvae. Site 78: 1 (l1), 2m (1), 49 pupae, 50 larvae. Site 80: 2 (l1), 1m (1), 20 pupae, 86 larvae. Site 81: 19 pupae, 12 larvae. Site 82: 6 pupae, 13 larvae. Site 83: 9 pupae, 23 larvae. Site 84: 15 pupae, 8 larvae. Site 85: 1 (l 1), 3m (1), 60 pupae, 20 larvae. Site 86: 1 pupa, 2 larvae. Site 87: 29 pupae, 13 larvae (19.iii.1996), 8 pupae (28.iv.1996), 2 pupae, 40 larvae (1.iii.1998). Site 88: 1 (l1), 5m (1), 24 pupae, 12 larvae (19.iii.1996), 112 pupae, 29 larvae (28.iv.1996), 7 pupae, 9 larvae (1.iii.1998). Site 89: 6, l 8m, 9 pupae, 75 larvae. Site 90: 19 pupae, 58 larvae. Site 91: 1 (l1), 1 pupa. Site 93: 9 pupae, 39 larvae. Site 94: 2 pupae, 2 larvae. Site 95: 4 pupae, 2 larvae. Site 96: 12 pupae, 26 larvae. Site 98: 1m (1), 3 pupae, 2 larvae. Site 99: 10 pupae, 25 larvae. Site 101: 1m (1), 24 pupae, 130 larvae. Site 103: 20 pupae, 51 larvae. Site 105: 17 pupae, 15 larvae. Site 108: 1 pupa, 76 larvae. Site 109: 1 (l 1), 9 pupae, 12 larvae. Site 111: 1 (l1), 19 pupae, 28 larvae. Site 114: 1 (l 1), 9 pupae, 68 larvae. Site 115: 1, l 4m (1), 13 pupae, 2 larvae. Site 120: 1 (l 1), 2 pupae, 70 larvae. Site 124: 1 pupa. Site 127: 1 (l1, caught emerging, alcohol), 1 pupa, 6 larvae. Site 133: 20 pupae, 63 larvae. Site 134: 9 pupae, 6 larvae. Site 135: 2m (1), 14 pupae, 24 larvae. Site 137: 5 pupae, 8 larvae.

Other specimens seen. CaÂdiz: 2, l Algeciras, 12±20. v. and 22± 27.v.1925 (Zerny) (NMV) and 1, l` Sierra de Alfacar’ [not located but presumed Andalusia], 3.vi.1925 (Zerny) (NMV) [both new records]. Granada: 63, l 41m, 30 pupae, 116 larvae, AlmunÄecar, 0±30 m [VF36], 16± 17.vii.1960 (Vockeroth) (CNC) [misident.`Odagmia ornata ’ in Carlsson, 1969]; 1, l 2m, Orgiva, RõÂo Guadalfeo, 300 m [VF68], 11.iv.1966 (m) and 21.iv.1966 (l), 1m Barranco de Miranda, 8 km SW of Orgiva, 300 m [VF57], 23.iv.1966, 1m, Barranco de Algarrobo, 12 km SW of Orgiva, 300 m [VF57], 25.iv.1966 (all Lyneborg and Langemark (ZMC) [all misident.`Odagmia ornata ’ in Carlsson, 1969].

Previous reports. CoÂrdoba: RõÂo Yeguas system, at ®ve points (UH844471, UH849466, UH953362, UH914151, UH91714 4) (ref. GonzaÂlez PenÄa et al., 1986, as`gr. ornatum ’, GonzaÂlez PenÄa, 1990). Granada: Sierra Nevada , a‚uent of RõÂo Grande [VG80] and Sierra de Sagra, RõÂo Raigadas , and a‚uent of RõÂo Bravatas [WH30/WH40] (ref. VincËon and Clergue-Gazeau, 1993); Embalse de Cubillas, 12 km NW of Granada [VG42], Pinos-Genil, RõÂo Genil on route to Picacho de Veleta, and at El Blanqueo [VG51], 3 km before Gujar Sierra [VG51], Venta de Molinello [publ. Monilla], 32 km NE of Granada [VG62] (ref. Beaucournu-Saguez, 1975a, as nitidifrons ). JaeÂn: Sierra de Almaden, RõÂo Fuenmayor [VG57] (ref. VincËon and Clergue-Gazeau, 1993); irrigation canal to RõÂo Escobar, 10 km E of AnduÂjar [VH11] (ref. Beaucournu-Saguez, 1975a, as S. nitidifrons ): MaÂlaga: Arroyo de la Venta (UF3394), RõÂo Campanillas (UF6565, UF6588, UF6672), RõÂo Genal (TF9542, UF1055), RõÂo Grande (UF3363, UF4866), RõÂo Guadalhorce (UG7106), RõÂo Guadalteba (UF2688), RõÂo Turon (UF3684) (refs GonzaÂlez PenÄa et al., 1987, as nitidifrons , also GonzaÂlez PenÄa, 1990). (Also Carlsson, 1969: see data for specimens seen.)

Remarks

Common in western Europe, Simulium intermedium occurs almost everywhere in Spain and Portugal (though rare in the high mountains) and often occupies degraded streams polluted by sewage e‚uent. The species (or complex) was present at 75 of our 137 sampling sites (55%), a much higher prevalence than any other species. In Andalusia it largely replaces the S. ornatum complex. The scutal pattern of females of S. intermedium and S. ornatum s.l. is identical but the two taxa can be readily distinguished by the frons, as this is dull grey pollinose in ornatum s.l. and shining black or brownish black in intermedium . Adult males can be distinguished by the pro®le shape of the ventral plate of the genitalia: in ornatum s.l. the beak-like process of the plate has a slight upward tilt and teeth of the dentate crest form a fringe over the base of the beak-like process (®gure 37)Ðthese features giving the plate much the same pro®le as that of a poodle-dog muzzleÐwhereas in intermedium the beaklike process is broader basally and teeth of the dentate crest do not overhang the base of the beak-like process (®gure 33). The pupae are often di cult to distinguish reliably. Typically the S. intermedium pupa has a ®nely perforated (almost reticulate) cocoon texture with obvious threadwork, the lowermost common stalk of the eight- ®lamented gill is very short, and the thoracic dorsum has dense microtubercles, whereas typically the S. ornatum s.l. pupa has a closely woven smooth-textured cocoon, gill with long lowermost common stalk (e.g. as in ®gure 34), and sparse thoracic microtubercles. However, these criteria do not guarantee reliable identi®cation: rearing adults shows that shiny-frons females ( intermedium ) are sometimes associated with pupae in which the lowermost common gill stalk is elongate (®gure 32), and that females with grey pollinose frons ( ornatum s.l.) are sometimes associated with pupae in which the lowermost common gill stalk is almost nonexistent (®gure 36) or in which the cocoon is feebly woven. For further comment see S. ornatum s.l.