Oides livida (Fabricius)

Lee, Chi-Feng & Beenen, Ron, 2017, Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Oides Weber, 1801 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), Zootaxa 4346 (1) : 73-79

Oides livida (Fabricius)

( Figs 47A–47C , 48 )

Adorium lividum Fabricius, 1801: 410 ( Indonesia: Sumatra); Zimsen, 1964: 92 (one type: CPH); Vachon, 1980a: 17 (redescription).

Oides livida: Wilcox, 1971: 11 (catalogue); Kimoto, 1982: 9 ( India, Nepal); Kimoto, 1989: 37 ( Thailand, Laos); Kimoto, 1990: 219 (catalogue); Silfverberg, 1990: 201 ( India); Samoderzhenkov, 1992: 109 ( Vietnam); Yang, 1992b: 334 ( China: Sichuan); Yang, 1992c: 558 ( China: Hunan); Yang, 1993: 337 ( China: Fujian: Mt. Longqi); Basu, 1996: 678 ( India: West Bengal); Yu et al., 1996: 118 ( China: Hunan, Sichuan); Reid, 1997: 38 ( Indonesia: Kalimantan); Yang et al., 1997: 867 ( China: Sichuan); Medvedev & Sprecher-Uebersax, 1999: 315 ( Nepal); Mohamedsaid & Holloway, 1999: 167 (Borneo); Basu, 2000a: 301 ( India: Meghalaya); Mohamedsaid, 2000a: 311 ( Malaysia: Sabah); Mohamedsaid, 2000b: 353 (catalogue); Mohamedsaid, 2004: 65 (catalogue); Kimoto, 2005: 66 (catalogue); Takizawa & Kimoto, 2005: 103 ( Malaysia: Perak); Beenen, 2010: 491 (catalogue); Sprecher-Uebersax, 2011: 442 (catalogue); Yang et al., 2015: 97 (catalogue).

Oides livida Weber, 1801: 53 ( India orientali); Olivier, 1807: 610 (as synonym of Adorium palliatum [sic!] Fabricius, misidentification); Harold, 1876: 3555 (as synonym of Adorium lividum ); Weise, 1922: 57 (redescription); Weise, 1924: 4 (catalogue); Maulik, 1936: 121 (list); Yang, 2002: 629 ( China: Fujian).

Adorium anale Schönherr, 1808: 231 (unnecessary replace name for A. lividum ).

Adorium diardi Guérin-Méneville, 1830: 148 ( Vietnam) ; Kimoto, 1989: 37 (as synonym of O. livida ). Synonymy confirmed

Oides diardi: Harold, 1876: 3555 (catalogue); Weise, 1924: 3 (catalogue); Wilcox, 1971: 8 (catalogue).

Rhombopala [sic!] pectoralis Clark, 1865: 144 ( Siam) .

Oides pectoralis: Harold, 1876: 3556 (catalogue); Jacoby, 1884: 37 (notes); Duvivier, 1891: 45 ( Malaysia); Weise, 1924: 5 (catalogue); Maulik, 1936: 114 ( India: Sikkim, Manpu, Bengal, Assam); Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963: 478 ( China: Fujiang, Guangdong); Wilcox, 1971: 13 (catalogue); Kimoto & Takizawa, 1972: 217 ( Nepal); Kimoto, 1977: 354 ( Bhutan); Vachon, 1980a: 17 (as synonym of Adorium lividum , synonymy confirmed); Basu, 1985: 203 ( India: Arunachal Pradesh).

Oides nigripes Jacoby, 1891: 34 ( India: Sikkim); Gahan, 1891: 457 (as synonym of O. pectoralis ); Weise, 1924: 5 (catalogue). Synonymy confirmed

Oides pallidicornis Jacoby, 1899: 284 ( Indonesia: Sumatra); Weise, 1924: 5 (catalogue); Wilcox, 1971: 13 (catalogue); Vachon, 1980a: 17 (as synonym of Adorium lividum ). Synonymy confirmed

Types. Adorium lividum . Holotype ♂ ( CPH, by monotypy), labeled: “[male aedeagus glued on card] // TYPE [p, r] // A: lividum / Sumatra. Daldorff [h, w] // Oides livida Fabricius 1801 . / non Weber 1801. / = pectoralis Clark 1865 . / ♂. édéage disséqué X-1875 [h] / A. VACHON—det. [p, w] // zmuc / 0 0 0 27889 [p, w]”.

Rhombopala pectoralis . Holotype ♂ (BMNH, by monotypy), labeled: “ Type [p, w, circle label with red border] // TYPE [p, w] // Adorium / pectoral / Chevr Siam / D. Lethievry [h, y] // pectoralis / Clark [w, b]”.

Adorium diardi . Types of Adorium diardi could not be found at the MNHN, where most of Guérin-Méneville’s types were deposited (Antoine Mantilleri, 27.V.2016, personal communication), and are presumed lost after other potential repositories were consulted. The designation of a neotype is necessary to maintain nomenclatural stability. One specimen housed at the NMPC is designated as the neotype ♂, labeled: “ Tonkin / Montes Mauson / April May 2 -3000’ / H. Fruhstorfer”.

Oides nigripes . Lectotype ♀ (BMNH), designated by Vachon (1980a), labeled: “ Type / H.T. [p, w, circle label with red border] // Sikkim [h, w] // Jacoby Coll. / 1909-28 a. [p, w] // Oides / nigripes / Jac. [h, b]”. Paralectotype. 1♂ (BMNH): “ Sikkim [h, w] // Jacoby Coll. / 1909-28 a. [p, w] // SYN- / TYPE [p, w, circle label with blue border]”.

Oides pallidicornis . Lectotype ♀ (BMNH), designated by Vachon (1980a), labeled: “ Type / H. T. [p, w, circle label with red border] // Soekaranda / Januar 1894 / Dohrn [p, w] // Jacoby Coll. / 1909-28 a, [p, w] // Oides / pallidicornis / Jac. [h, g]”. Paralectotype. 1♂ (BMNH): “Soekaranda / Januar 1894 / Dohrn [p, w] // Jacoby Coll. / 1909-28 a, [p, w] // SYN- / TYPE [p, w, circle label with blue border]”.

Redescription. Length 10.2–12.5 mm, width 6.6–8.9 mm. General color ( Figs 47A–47C ) yellow; head, prosternum, meso- and metathoracic ventrites, and legs black, one pair of lateral black spots on abdominal ventrites; antennae black but inner sides of antennomeres I–V yellowish brown. Antennae filiform in males ( Fig. 48A ), antennomeres IV longest, III–VII slightly serrate, VIII–XI stout, length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.6: 0.9: 1.0: 0.8: 0.9: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.9, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 2.2: 1.7: 2.8: 2.8: 2.5: 2.2: 1.9: 2.0: 1.9: 1.9: 2.6; similar in females ( Fig. 48B ), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.6: 0.9: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.8: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.9, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 2.3: 1.9: 3.1: 2.7: 2.4: 2.2: 2.0: 1.7: 1.5: 1.5: 2.3. Pronotum transverse, 2.2x wider than long, disc without fine punctures, baso-lateral angles rounded, apico-lateral angles rectangular, apical margin weakly concave. Elytra elongate oval, widest at middle, 1.3x longer than wide; disc without reticulate microsculpture but with sparse, irregular, coarse punctures, moderately convex, epipleurae located 9/10 distance between suture and lateral margins, strongly broadened at basal 1/5, and abbreviated at basal 1/3; humeral calli visible. Penis ( Figs 48C–48E ) wide, 6.8x longer than wide; parallel-sided, apically narrowed; tectum small and apically tapering, abruptly broadened near base; moderately curved in lateral view, apex narrowly rounded; ventral surface with shallow and narrow notch from apex to apical 1/5, apices narrowly rounded, elongate membranous areas at middle, internal sac lacking sclerites. Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V in female truncate. Gonocoxae reduced. Ventrite VIII ( Fig. 48F ) longitudinal, apical margin depressed at middle, bearing dense, long setae along apical margin, spiculum long. Receptacle of spermatheca ( Fig. 48G ) apically widened, connected to pump, base connected to proximal spermathecal duct; pump strongly curved, apex broadly rounded; most areas of proximal spermathecal duct sclerotized and broad, basally membranous.

Variation. A few specimens possess well developed black spots on the abdominal ventrites that extend inwards and connect to each other. Specimens from Sumatra possess yellowish brown antennae.

Diagnosis. Members of Oides livida (Fabricius) and O. semipunctata Duvivier are characterized by their broadly oval elytra with irregular coarse punctures, but O. livida can be distinguish from O. semipunctata by the absence of black spots on the pronotum. In males, the aedeagi of O. livida differ from those of O. semipunctata in possessing an apically tapering tectum (broad tectum in O. semipunctata ), slender and rounded lateral processes (broad and angular lateral processes in O. semipunctata ), and shallow ventral notch (with deep notch in O. semipunctata ).

Host plants. Vitaceae : Cissus repens in Peninsular Malaysia ( Rabenstein & Schöller, 1996).

Remarks. Weber (1801) described the species, Oides livida , but we are uncertain if he was aware of the description of Adorium lividum Fabricius,1781 and added only a faunistic record. Since Weber’s description is in agreement with the Fabricius' species and the locality ‘ India orientali ’ is not in disagreement with the locality ‘Sumatra’ based on locality standards of the period, we assume both species are the same. Since we have not studied the type of O. livida some uncertainty remains.

Other specimens examined. BHUTAN. 1 ex. ( NHMB), Phuntsholing, 200–400 m, 13.V.1972, leg. Kamiu; CHINA. Fujian: 1♂ ( KMNH), Changting (), Nialing (), 24.IV.1941, leg. T. C. Maa; 2 exs. ( HHCR), Mandangshan for. park., 460– 900 m., N 26°42’ E 118°07’, 4.VI.2010, leg. J. Turna; Guandong: 1♂ ( MNHUB), Tsha-jiu-san (= Tsha yuen shan), 26.VI.1910, leg. S. V. Mell; Guangxi: 1 ex ( HHCR), Shi-ba-ling Mt., Gongsheng County, 8–19.VI.2002, leg. J. Li; Guizhou: 2 exs. ( NMNS), Qiandongnan State: Lipo Co., Maolan NPA, Liangshujing, 770 m, 9.IX.2014, leg. M.-L. Jeng; Yunnan: 1 ex. ( TARI), Ruili (), 17.IX.2014; 1 ex. ( NME), Xishuanbanna, 28 km NW Jinhong vic. An Ma Xi Zhan ( NNNR), 700 m, 22°12’N 100°38’E, 28.VI.2008, leg. A. Weigel; Xizang: 1 ex. ( RBCN), Tibet, Zayu county, Ma-ma yuo, 15–16.VI.2010, leg. J. Li; INDIA. Assam: 2♂♂ ( RMNH), Jaintia Hills, leg. C. & O. Vogt; Darjeeling: 1♀ ( RMNH), leg. Fruhstorfer; 1 ex. ( NME), Kalimpong, Dumra Busty, 1000m, 29.III.1991, leg. N. Dangal; 1♂ ( SMNS), Kurseong, 800–1200m, IV.–VII.1999, leg. A. Wirsig; 1 ex. ( NME), Kurseong, Malloufer Umg., 6–14.VII.1989, leg. N. Dangal; 1 ex. ( NME), Kurseong, Raj Bari, 800m, 5–10.V.1987, leg. N. Dangal; 1♀ ( BMNH), Namsoo, 2100 ft, 27.V.1918, leg. H. Stevens, B.M. 1916- 218; 1 ex. ( NHMB), Sindepung, 23.IV.1987, leg. B. Bhakta; Meghalaya: 1 ex. ( NHMB), Barapani Old Road, 1000 m, 14.V.1976, leg. Wittmer; 2 exs. ( NHMB), SW of Cherrapunjee, 900 m, 25°13’N 91°40E, 11–12.V.2004, leg. L. Dembický; 3 exs. ( NHMB), same but with “ 21.V.2007 ”; 2 exs. ( BMNH), same locality, 5–24.V.2005, leg. P. Pacholátko; 2 exs. ( NHMB), same but with “ 23–25.VI.2007 ”; 1 ex. ( NHMB), same but with “ 23–25.VII.2007 ”; 2 exs. ( BMNH), Kashi Hills, Mawsynram, 800± 100 m, 25°18’N 91°29E, 5–9.VI.2006, leg. P. Pacholátko; 1 ex. ( BMNH), same but with “leg. L. Dembický; 1 ex. ( NHMB), Songsak, Garo Hills, 19.V.1976, leg. W. Wittmer; 1♂ ( JBCB), 3km E of Tura, 25°30’N 90°14’E, 500–1150m, 1–8.V.1999, leg. J. Rolčík; 1♀ ( JBCB), same locality, 6– 12.V.2002, leg. M. Trýzna & P. Benda; Sikkim: 1 ex. Sara Khola (Rangeli River), 870m, 18.IV.1977, leg. B. Bhakta; INDONESIA. Sumatra: 1 ex. ( RBCN), West Sumatra, viii 1991; 1♂ ( TCHU), Annai Valley, 500 m, XI.– XII.2004; 1♀ ( RMNH), Aur Kumanis, III.1914, leg. E. Jacobson; 1♀ ( RMNH), Balimbingan, 600 m, 23.IV.1950, leg. R. Straatman; 1♀ ( RMNH), same but with “ 24.IV.1950 ”; 1♀ ( RMNH), same but with “ 8.VII.1950 ”; 1♀ ( RMNH), same but with “ 27.IV.1950 ”; 1♀ ( RMNH), same but with “ 15.VII.1950 ”; 1♂ ( MCSN), Balighe, X.1890 - III.1891, leg. E. Modigliani; 1♂ ( RMNH), Boekit Gabah, XII.1918, leg. H. Lucht; 1♀ ( RMNH), same but with “ II.1919 ”; 1♀ ( RMNH), same but with “ IV.1919 ”; 1♂ ( MNHUB), Deli, leg. S. G. Martin; 1 ex. ( MNHUB), Dolok Merangir, 14.XII.1974, leg. Diehl; 1♀ ( RMNH), Laut Tador, 90 m, 3.VII.1950, leg. R. Straatman; 1♂ ( RMNH), same but with “ 6.VII.1950 ”; 1♂ ( RMNH), same but with “ 11.VII.1950 ”; 1♀ ( RMNH), same but with “ 28.VIII.1950 ”; 1♀ ( RMNH), same but with “ 10.X.1950 ”; 1♀ ( RMNH), same locality, 28.VI.1949, leg. C. v. Nidek; 1♂ ( RMNH), same but with “ 29.VIII.1950 ”; 1♀ ( RMNH), Lubuksikaping, 450 m, 1926, leg. E. Jacobson; 1 ex. ( NMW), Maninjau See, Uterregion, 9.II.1991, leg. Schillhammer; 1♂, 1♀ ( SMNS), Manna; 1♂ ( RMNH), same locality, M. Knappert; 1♂, 1♀ ( SDEI), Medan, 15.III.1923, leg. L. Fulmek; 6♂♂, 7♀♀ ( RMNH), Padang Panjang, 800 m, 1.trim.1896, leg. Kannegieter; 1♀ ( TCHU), Passar Bar, Sibolangit, 15.IX.1998, leg. H. Takizawa; 1♂ ( SMNS), Palembang; 1♂ ( RMNH), same locality, leg. M. Knappert; 1♀, 1♀ ( RMNH), Siantar, Simpang Raya, 400m, 16.VIII.1921, leg. J. B. Corporaal; 3♂♂ ( MCSN), 1♀ ( MNHUB), Soekaranda, I.1894, leg. Dohrn; 1♀ ( RMNH), Solok, 3.III.1912, leg. P. O. Stolz; 7♂♂, 13♀♀ same but with “1913”; 1♀ ( TCHU), Susuk, Kalo Hills, 14.III.1995, leg. K. Maruyama; 1♀ ( RMNH), Takengon, IX.1929, leg. W. Roepke; 1♀ ( RMNH), Tandjong Karang, Kelaton, 29.III.1937, leg. J. Vecht; 3♂♂ ( RMNH), Tandjong Morawa, Serdang, leg. B. Hagen; 1♂, 1♀ ( NHMB), leg. Schneider; LAOS. 2♂♂, 1♀ ( NMPC), Vientiane, 1915, coll. J. Achard; Attapeu: 1♂ ( TCHU), 74km E of Attapeu, 430m, 8.VI.2013, leg. N. Nakamura; Balikhamxai: 5 exs. ( NHMB), Ban Nape (8km NE), 600m, 18°21’N 105°08’E, 1–18.V.2001, leg. Pacholátko; 1 ♂ ( JBCB), same but with “leg. C. L. Peša”; 2 exs. ( NHMB), same but with “leg. V. Kubáň ”; 1 ex. ( NHMB), Pakkading, 18°20’N 104°00’E, 200 m, 27.V.2003, leg. M. Brancucci; Bokeo: 1 ex. ( NHMB), Ban Toup, Bokeo Nature Reserve, 20°27–28’N 100°45’E, 500–700 m, 4–18.V.2011, leg. M. Brancucci et al.; Champasak: 2 exs. ( NMW), Bolavens-Plateau, M. Paksong—B. Nam Thang, 25–26.V.1996, leg. Schillhammer; Hua Phan: 1 ex. ( JBCB), Phu Loei N.P., Ban Sakok, 20°10’N 103°12’E, 23–26.V.2001, leg. J. Bezděk; 4 exs. ( JBCB), 25km SE Vieng Xai, Ban Kangpabong env., 20°19’N 104°25’E, 14–18.V.2001, J. Bezděk; Khammouan: 3 exs. ( NHMB), Ban Khoun Ngeun, 18°08’N 104°29’E, 200 m, 19–31.V.2001, leg. Pacholátko; Louang Namtha: 1♂ ( JBCB), Louan Namtha env., 800–1200m, V.1997, leg. Lao collector; 1 ex. ( NMW), 10km E Louang Namtha, 19.VI.1996, leg. Schillhammer; 1 ex. ( NHMB), Muang Sing, 21°11’N 101°09’E, 700 m, 14– 20.V.2011, leg. M. Geiser & D. Hauck; 1 ex. ( NMW), 25km SE Muang Sing, 14–22.V.1996, leg. Schillhammer; Louang Prabang: 1 ex. ( NHMB), Ban Kiukacham env., 19°34’N 102°13’E, 1400–1450m, 19.VI.2009, leg. M. Geiser & D. Hauck; 3 exs. ( NHMB), Ban Son Cha, 5km W, 20°33–34’N 102°14’E, 1200m, 24.IV.–16.V.1999, leg. V. Kubáň; 1 ♀ ( JBCB), same but with “leg. Holzchuh”; Oudomxai: 7 exs. ( NHMB), Oudomxai, 17km NEE, 20°45’N 102°09’E, 1100m, 1–9.V.2002, leg. V. Kubáň; 1 ex. ( NHMB), Pak Beng, 19°53’37”N 101°07’51”E, 18– 27.V.2001, leg. J. Kolibáč; 450 m, Phongsaly: 3 exs. ( NHMB), Phongsaly env., 21°41–42’N 102°06–08’E, 1500 m, 28.V.–20.VI.2003, leg. P. Pacholátko; 3 exs. ( NHMB), same but with “leg. Brancucci”; 1 ex. ( NHMB), same locality, 6–17.V.2004, leg. P. Pacholátko; 1 ex. ( BMNH), same locality, 26.VII.2006, leg. M. Geiser; Savannakhet: 1 ex. ( NHMB), Phou Xang He NBCA, ca. 5km SW Ban Pa Phaknau, 17°00’N 105°38’E, 250–400m, 51.V.– 6. VI.2011, leg. M. Brancucci; Vientiane: 1♀ ( KMNH) Ban Van Eue, 30.–XI.1965; Xieng Khouang: 1 ex. ( NHMB), Phonsavan, 30km NE Phou Sane Mt., 19°37–38’N 103°20’E, 1400–1500 m, 10–30.V.2009, leg. Z. Kraus; 1♂ ( TCHU), Phu Samsoun, IV.2006, leg. Native Collector; 1 ex. ( KMNH), Vientinae, III.–VI.1963; WEST MALAYSIA. Kedah: 1♀ ( TCHU), Mt. Raya, Is. Langkawi, 18.VIII.1998, leg. A. & R. Abe; 1♂ ( TCHU), Is. Langkawi, 20.IV.2000, leg. A. & R. Abe; Negeri Sembilan: 1♂ ( JBCB), Gemencheh, 29–30.VIII.1990, leg. Ismail; Pahang: 1 ex. ( JBCB), Banjaran Benom, Lata Jarom, 6–8.III.1997, leg. O. Dulik; 1 ex. ( NMW), same locality, 19– 22.II.1995, leg. M. Štriba & R. Hergovits; 1♀ ( TCHU), Cameron Highlands, X.–XII.1989; 1♂ ( KMNH), 1♂ ( EUMJ), same locality, 2.XII.1968, leg. K. Hatta; same locality, 1.III.1974, leg. Y. Kiyoyama; 1♀ ( TCHU), same locality, 11.III.1976, leg. K. Sakai; 1♂ ( EUMJ), same locality, 23.IV.1976, leg. S. Nagai; 1♂ ( EUMJ), same locality, VII.1978, leg. K. Ushijima; 1♂ ( EUMJ), same locality, 1.IV.1984, leg. K. Fujita; 1♂ ( TCHU), same locality, 23.XI.1999, leg. A. & R. Abe; 1 ex. ( JBCB), same locality, 25.IV.–5.V.2001, leg. M. Říha; 1 ex. ( MSCB), ca 30 km NE Kuala Lumpur, vic. Ulu Gombak, FStC.; 4 exs. ( JBCB), 30km NE Raub, Lata Lembik, 3°56’N 101°38’E, 200–400 m, 8–15.V.2002, leg. E. Jendek & O. Šauša; Kelantan: 1 ex. ( JBCB), 3 exs. ( NME), 90 km N of Gue Musang, Mt. Basor, 1700m, Kampong Kubur Datu, 1–21.III.2015, leg. P. Čechovský; 4 exs. ( RBCN), Road between Kampong Raja and Gua Musang, 1400–1700 m, (Ladang Pandrak) 1–28.IV.2006, 4°63’N 101°45’E – 4°88’N 101°95’E, leg. P. Čechovský; Pahang: 1 ex ( RBCN), 3 ex ( UACB), 30 km E IPOH, Cameron Highlands, Tanah Ratah, 1500m., 16–18 iv 2000, leg. P. Čechovský; Perak: 2♂♂ ( BMNH), leg. Doherty, Fry Coll., B.M. 1905.100; 1♂ ( BMNH), Batang Padang, Kuala Woh, 17.III.1919, F. M. S. B.M. 1955-354; 1♂ ( KMNH), 19 miles from Tapah, 2.IV.1975, leg. Y. Miyake; 1♂ ( KMNH), same locality, 19.IV.1975, leg. M. Hata; 1♂ ( KMNH), same but with “ 10.IV.1976 ”; 1 ex. ( RBCN), 1 ex. ( UACB) 40 km SE of Ipoh, Banjaran Titi Wangsa, Ringlet, 900m., 25.III.–3.IV.2002, leg. P. Čechovský; Selangor: 1♀ ( BMNH), B.M. 96-162; 1♂ ( NMNS), Ulu Gombak, 130 m, 28.VII.1987, leg. T. Yamasaki; 1♂ ( BMNH), Ulu Langat, 2.III.1931, leg. N. G. E. Miller, B.M. 1931-430; 1♂ ( BMNH), same locality, 26.XII.1938, leg. H. M. Pendlebury, B.M. 1955-354; EAST MALAYSIA. Sabah: 3 exs. ( NHMB), Benon Mts.; 15km E Kampong Dong, 03°35’N 102°01’E, 700 m, 1.IV.1998, leg. Dembický & Pacholátko; 1♀ ( BMNH), Kabayau, nr. Kinabalu, 600, 17.V.1929, leg. H. M. Perdlebury, B.M. 1955-354; 1♀ ( TCHU), Kg. Kiapad, Inanam, Kota Kinabalu, 11.XI.2015, leg. H. Takizawa; 1♂ ( BMNH), Poring Springs, 1600 ft, 6–10.V.1973, leg. K. M. Guichard, B.M. 1973-391; 1♀ ( EUMJ), same locality, 30.IV.1980, leg. M. & A. Sakai; 1 ex. ( NHMB), Tibow, 45km NE of Sapulul, 600–900 m, 7–15.IV.2000, leg. Bolm; MYANMAR. 5♂♂, 7♀♀ (2♂♂, 2♀♀: MCSN; 1♀: BMNH; 3♂♂, 4♀♀: SDEI), Carin Chebà, 900–1100 m, V.–. XII.1888, leg. L. Fea; 1♀ ( BMNH), Hkamti Long, 27°30’N 97°50’E, 3000–4000, 5.IX.1926, leg. F. K. Ward, B.M. 1927-100; 1♂ ( TCHU), Kalaw, 13.V.2002, leg. A. Abe; 1♂ ( BMNH), Karen Hills, 3000 ft., 18–21.V.1916, leg. P. M. Mackwood, B.M. 1916-205; 1♂ ( BMNH), Mishmi Hills, Lohit River, 1.IV.1935, leg. M. Steele, B.M. 1935-312; 1♀ ( BMNH), Sumprabum, Putao Distr., 1924, leg. B. Fischer, B.M. 192567; 1♀ ( NMPC), Tenasserim, leg. J. V. Helfer; 1♂ ( BMNH), Tharrawaddy, Andrewes Coll., B.M. 1922-221; Kachin: 1♀, Kanwa, Putao, 28.VI.2006, leg. A. Abe; 1♂ ( TCHU), Macuizer, Putao, 5.VII.2006, leg. A. Abe; 1 ex. ( JBCB), 50 km E Putao, Nanthi vill., 11–16.V.1998, leg. S. Murzin; 1 ex. ( JBCB), 65 km NW Putao, Zlyardam vill., 1250 m, 18–21.V.1998, leg. S. Murzin; NEPAL. 1 ex. ( MCSN), Gandaki, 2 km N Pokhara, 30.VII.1995, leg. O. Gorbunov; SINGAPORE. 1♀ ( BMNH), leg. H. N. Ridley, 97–109; THAILAND. Chiang Mai: 1♂ ( SEHU), 24.V.1988, leg. A. Tanaka; 1 ex. ( JBCB), 22–25.IV.2003, leg. O. Šafránek; 1♂ ( TCHU), Chiang Dao, Pakia, 1500 m, 6.V.2002, leg. K. Okajima; 1 ex. ( NHMB), Chiang Dao, 19°22’N 98°57’E, 350 m, 9–14.V.1991, leg. V. Kubáň; 1♀ ( TCHU), Doi Mae Tho, 20.V.2002, leg. K. Okajima; 1♂ ( TCHU), Doi Pui, 12.V.1984, leg. A. M. Cottom; 1♀ ( TCHU), same but with “ 16.VI.1984 ”; 1♂ ( TCHU), same but with “ 30.VI.1984 ”; 1 ex. ( NHMB), same but with “ 2.V.1985 ”; 2 exs. ( SMNS), same locality, 6– 9.V.1985, leg. S. Steinke; 1♂ ( TCHU), Doi Suthep, 5.V.1984, leg. A. M. Cottom; 1♀ ( TCHU), same locality, 2.V.1996, leg. K. Matsumoto; 1♀ ( TCHU), Doi Suthep—Buphine palace, 22–29.V.1983, leg. S. Ohmomo; 1♂ ( TCHU), Mae Rim, Nong Hoi, 29.IV.2000, leg. K. Okajima; 2 exs. ( NHMB), Pha Hom Pak Mt., 1900–2200 m, 20°02’35”N 98°08’45”E, 23–30.IV.2009, leg. L. Dembický; Loei: 2 exs. ( JBCB), Phu Kraduing N.P., 1000–1300 m, 11–17.V.1999, leg. M. Říha; 2 exs. ( TARI), Roug Kla N.P., 1200–1600 m, 15–17.IV.2008, leg. Y.-F. Hsu; Mae Hong Son: 2 exs. ( NHMB), Ban Huai Po, 1800m, 30.IV.–14.V.1991, leg. J. Farkač; 2♂♂ ( JBCB), SE of Soppong, 19°27’N 98°20’E, 1500 m, 23–27.V.1999, leg. M. Říha; Nan: 1♂ ( SMNS), Doi Phu Kha N.P., 28.VI.–1.VII.1997, leg. Rejsek; 1♂ ( JBCB), same locality, 28.IV.–12.V.2002, leg. P. Prudek & M. Obořil; VIETNAM. 1♂, 2♀♀ ( NMPC), Annam; 1 ex. ( TARI), Hà Giang, Mèo Vac, 17.IX.2014, leg. Y.-F. Hsu; 1♂ ( TCHU), Bao Lac, 25– 30.IV.1999; 1♂ ( TCHU), same locality, 20.X.2003; 2 exs. ( NMW), 14km SW Ban Lac, 16–29.V.1994, leg. Pacholátko & Dembický; 1♂ ( RMNH), Hanoi, 1903, leg. Vath; 5♂♂, 7♀♀ (1♀: MNHUB; 2♂♂: NMPC; 1♂, 1♀: NMW; 1♂: RMNH; 1♂, 5♀♀: SDEI), Mt. Mauson, IV.–V., leg. H. Frushstorfer; 1♂, Phu Quoc Is., Bai Thom, 15.IV.2013, leg. M. L. Jeng; 1 ex. ( TARI), Phu Quoc Is., Kien Giang, 14.IV.2013; 1 ex. ( NHMB), Tam Dao, 17– 21.V.1990, leg. L. Dembický; 1 ex. ( NHMB), same locality, 15.V–16.VI.1991, leg. Jendek; 1♀ ( JBCB), same locality, VI.1996; Cao Bang: 1 ex. ( NME), Vin Den, Nui Pia Oac Nature Res., 22°33’53”N 105°52’53”E, 900– 1300m, 6–10.V.2013, leg. A. Weigel; Dongnai: 1♀ ( RMNH), Cat Tien Nat. Park, 15.V.2007, leg. E. Gassó Miracle; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ ( RMNH), same locality, 13–20.V.2007, leg. C. van Achterberg et al.; 1 ex. ( NMW), same locality, 1– 15.V.1994, leg. Pacholátko & Dembický.

Distributin. Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam ( Fig. 49 ). A single specimen in RBCN is labelled: ‘ Brasil, 1992’. This specimen is to be regarded as a translocated specimen, probably transported with trade.

Figures

FIGURE 47. Habitus of Oides livida (Fabricius) and O. semipunctata Duvivier. 47A. O. livida, dorsal view; 47B. Same, ventral view; 47C. Same, lateral view; 47D. O. semipunctata, dorsal view; 47E. Same, ventral view; 47F. Same, lateral view; 46G.Same, pronotum.

FIGURE 48.Diagnostic characters of Oides livida (Fabricius).48A.Antenna, male; 48B. Antenna, female;48C.Penis, dorsal view; 48D.Penis, lateral view; 48E.Penis, ventral view; 48F.Abdominal ventrite VIII; 48G.Spermatheca.

FIGURE 49. Distribution map of Oides livida.