Oides epipleuralis Laboissière

Lee, Chi-Feng & Beenen, Ron, 2017, Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Oides Weber, 1801 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), Zootaxa 4346 (1) : 48-51

Oides epipleuralis Laboissière , valid species

( Figs 12D–12F , 32–33 )

Oides epipleuralis Laboissière, 1929: 254 ( Taiwan: Chip Chip); Miwa, 1931: 189 ( Taiwan); Chûjô, 1935: 160 ( Taiwan); Chûjô, 1962: 68 (redescripton); Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963: 478 (as synonym of O. laticlava , misidentification); Kimoto, 1966: 28 ( Taiwan); Kimoto, 1969: 30 ( Taiwan); Kimoto, 1986: 56 ( Taiwan); Wilcox, 1971: 8 (catalogue); Kimoto, 1991: ( Taiwan); Jolivet & Hawkeswood, 1995: 242 (host plant).

Oides maculata: Miwa, 1931: 189 (Horisha, Taihoku, Shinchiku) ; Kimoto & Chu, 1996: 61 (catalogue); Kimoto & Takizawa, 1997: 375; Lee & Cheng, 2007: 118 (biology); Beenen, 2010: 491 (catalogue). Misidentifications

Types. Lectotype ♂ ( ZMUH): “Chip Chip / Formosa / Sauter [p] X.08 –0 9 [h, w] // Oides / epipleuralis / m [h] / V. Laboissière—Dét. [p, w] // TYPE [p, w, red letters] // Le Moult vend. / via Reinbek / Eing. Nr 1, 1957 [p, w]”.

Redescription. Length 11.4–12.3 mm, width 9.7–10.1 mm. General color ( Figs 12D–12F ) yellow; antennae yellow; legs yellow but tarsomeres III–V darker. Antennae filiform in males ( Fig. 32A ), antennomeres IV longest, III–VII slightly serrate, VIII–XI elongate, length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.6: 0.9: 1.1: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.9, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 2.7: 1.9: 3.5: 4.2: 2.8: 2.6: 2.6: 2.2: 2.0: 2.2: 3.0; similar in females ( Fig. 32F ), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.5: 1.0: 1.1: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 0.7: 0.7: 0.9, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 2.8: 1.8: 3.6: 3.9: 3.1: 3.1: 2.5: 2.3: 2.2: 2.2: 3.6. Pronotum transverse, 2.3x wider than long, disc convex, with lateral depressions, sides flattened, without reticulate microsculpture but with sparse, fine punctures; baso-lateral angles rounded, apico-lateral angles rectangular; lateral margin rounded; apical margin slightly concave. Elytra oval, widest at middle, 1.1x longer than wide, disc without microsculpture but with dense, fine punctures; extremely convex, epipleurae located at 3/5 distance between suture and lateral margins. Penis ( Figs 32C–32D ) elongate, 7.6x longer than wide; parallel-sided; apex of dorsal surface deeply bifurcate at apical 1/6, apices narrowly rounded; tectum reduced; slightly curved in lateral view, apex of dorsal surface rounded with an angular process; ventral surface with shallow, broad but apically narrowed notch at apex; endophallic sclerite complex comprising one apical, rounded sclerite, with erect process near apical margin at middle; triangular in lateral view. Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V in females concave. Gonocoxae reduced. Ventrite VIII ( Fig. 32E ) longitudinal, medial area of apical margin projecting anteriorly, weakly sclerotized, depressed at middle, with dense, long setae along apical margin; spiculum elongate. Receptacle of spermatheca ( Fig. 32F ) as wide as pump, connected to pump, basally narrowed; pump strongly curved; proximal spermathecal duct long and broadened near apex.

Variation. A few specimens collected from southern Taiwan possess darker or blackish brown abdomen.

Diagnosis. Adults of this species and those of O. boreri sp. nov., O. coccinelloides , and O. laticlava are easily recognized by the strongly convex elytra (epipleurae located at 3/5 distance between suture and lateral margins) but those of O. epipleuralis differ in possessing entirely yellow elytra (with several pairs of small black spots in O. coccinelloides ; one pair of longitudinal black stripes in O. laticlava ), and yellow venter (black venter in O. boreri sp. nov.; black metasternum, and one pair of black spots at sides of each abdominal ventrite in O. coccinelloides ) and yellowin brown tarsi (black tarsi in O. boreri sp. nov.). Some specimens of O. epipleuralis with darker abdomens may be confused with O. boreri sp. nov., but their aedeagi differ in morphological details. Aedeagi of male O. epipleuralis differ from others in the less elongate penis that is less than 8.0x longer than wide (extremely elongate in O. boreri sp. nov., 9.3x longer than wide), shallow ventral notch (moderately deep notch in O. coccinelloides ; extremely deep notch in O. boreri sp. nov.), and inward directed lateral processes (parallel lateral processes in O. laticlava ). Moreover, the distributions are allopatric: O. boreri is restricted to Laos, O.

cocconelloides is restricted to west China, India, and Myanmar, O. epipleuralis is endemic to Taiwan, and O. laticlava is restricted to other parts of China ( Fig. 14 ).

Host plants. Vitaceae : Vitis thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. var. taiwaniana Lu , was formerly misidentified as V. adstricta Hance by Jolivet & Hawkeswood (1995) ( Takizawa 1978), Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. var. hancei (Planch.) Rehde , and Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. (present study).

Biology. Oides epipleuralis populations are presumably univoltine. The following life cycle information is based on our own observations. Females begin to lay eggs in single egg masses ( Fig. 33A ) during late February. The eggs are glued in groups to the leaves and remain unprotected. The larvae ( Fig. 33B ) fed on leaves. Mature larvae ( Fig. 33C–33D ) crawl into the soil and build underground chambers for pupation ( Fig. 33E ). Duration of the pupal stage is 22–27 days. Newly emerged adults appear in spring and become active ( Fig. 33F ) during summer and autumn seasons.

Remarks. The record from Taiwan of Oides maculata by Miwa (1931) may be based on the following specimens at the TARI: 1♂, 1♀, Horisha (= Puli, 埔里), V.–VIII.1918, leg. H. Kawamura; 2♂♂, Shinchiku (= Hsinchu, 新竹), 1–30.VII.1918, leg. J. Sonan & K. Miyake; 1♂, Taihoku (= Taipei, 台北), 21.VII.1927, leg. R. Takahashi. Although those specimens lack the determination labels made by Miwa, they propably are the source of this record since he worked at the TARI.

Other specimens examined. TAIWAN. Chiayi: 1♀ ( NMPC), Suisharyo (= Shuisheliao, 水社寮), X.1911, leg. H. Sauter; 3♀♀ (1♀: NMPC; 2♀♀: SDEI), Taihorin (= Talin, 大林), 22.VIII., leg. H. Sauter; 1♂ ( MNHUB), same but with “ I.1910 ”; 1♂ ( MNHUB), same but with “ III.1910 ”; 1♀ ( SDEI), same but with “ 7.VI.1911 ”; 1♀ ( TCHU), Tungpu (東埔), 14–17.VII.1976, leg. H. Takizawa; Ilan: 1♂ ( NMNS), Nanao (南澳), 17.IX.1992, leg. W. T. Yang; Kaoshiung: 1♀ ( MNHUB), Hoozan (= Fengshan, 鳳山), 1.X., leg. H. Sauter; 1♂, 1♀ ( NMNS), Liukwei (六龜), 4–6.IX.1989, leg. K. W. Huang; 1♂, 3♀♀ ( SDEI), Sokutsu, 1912, leg. H. Sauter; Nantou: 1♂ 關刀溪 (= Kuantaohsi), 15.V.1984, leg. A. Tanaka; Pingtung: 1♀ ( NMNS), Mutan (牡丹) 199 Hsien Rd. 15–16K, 9.IX.1999, leg. C. S. Lin & W. T. Yang; 1♂ ( SDEI), Koshun (= Henchun, 恆春), VIII.18., leg. H. Sauter; Taichung: 1♀ ( NMNS), Suchiaolin (四角林), 24–25.VIII.1997, leg. M. L. Chan & H. T. Chan; Taoyuan: 1♂ ( NMNS), Yangmei (楊梅), 10.VIII.1965, leg. B. S. Chang.

Distribution. Taiwan ( Fig. 14 ).

Figures

FIGURE 12. Habitus of Oides boreri Lee & Beenen, sp. nov. and O. epipleuralis Laboissière. 12A. O. boreri dorsal view; 12B. Same, ventral view; 12C. Same, lateral view; 12D. O. epipleuralis, dorsal view; 12E. Same, ventral view; 12F. Same, lateral view.

FIGURE 14. Distribution map of Oides boreri (yellow dots), O. coccinelloides (blue dots), O. epipleuralis (pink dots), and O. laticlava (red dots).

FIGURE 33. Habitat photographs of Oides epipleuralis Laboissière. 33A. Egg mass; 33B. Young larvae; 33C. Mature larva; 33D. Mature larva, color variation; 33E. Pupa within pupal chamber; 33F. Adults.

FIGURE32.Diagnostic characters of Oides epipleuralis Laboissière.32A.Antenna, male; 32B.Antenna, female; 32C. Penis, dorsal view; 32D. Penis, lateral view; 32E. Abdominal ventrite VIII; 32F. Spermatheca.