Seira burgersi, Cipola & Arbea & Baquero & Jordana & Morais & Bellini, 2018

Cipola, Nikolas Gioia, Arbea, Javier, Baquero, Enrique, Jordana, Rafael, Morais, José Wellington De & Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante, 2018, The survey of Seira Lubbock, 1870 (Collembola, Entomobryidae, Seirinae) from Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands, including three new species, Zootaxa 4458 (1), pp. 1-66 : 51-59

Seira burgersi sp. nov. Cipola & Arbea

Figs 3B, D , 35‒41 , Tables 1‒2

Diagnosis. Body black with legs yellowish ( Figs 3B, D ); Ant I‒II enlarged and with scales spiral-shaped ( Figs 35 A ‒D ); head mac M 4i, S4 and Pa4 present, Pp6 absent, eyepatches with 3‒4 interocular chaetae (q absent, r eventually absent) ( Fig. 36E ); prelabral inner chaetae smooth ( Fig. 36C ); labral papillae large and rounded ( Fig. 36D ); Th II with 7‒11 medio-central mac (m1‒2 complex) and PmA‒PmC groups with 9‒12, 3, 7‒8 mac, respectively ( Fig. 37 A ); Th III‒Abd III with 13‒17, 8‒9, 5 and 1 central mac, respectively, plus several psp laterally on these segments ( Figs 37B‒E ); Abd IV with 17‒18 central and 22 lateral mac ( Fig. 38 A); tibiotarsi with about 18 robust inner mac finely ciliate and apically acuminate ( Figs 39C‒E , 40G ); unguis apical tooth present ( Fig. 40H ); unguiculus outer edge discretely serrated distally and with one small proximal tooth ( Fig. 40H ); manubrium ventrally with 0/4 subapical and 20 apical chaetae ( Fig. 41B ).

Type material. Holotype female on slide (EHL0004/MNCN): Spain, Huelva province, Minas de Riotinto municipality (37°39'11''N, 06°37'10''W) , under stones, 445m, 18. iii.2014, A . Burgers coll. Paratypes on slides ( MNCN), 2 females, same data as holotype . Paratypes on slides (INPA): 3 females and 3 specimens in alcohol: El Campillo (37°40'57.08''N, 6°36'25.99''W), under stones, 358 m, 19.04.2017, A . Burgers leg.

Description. Total length (head + trunk) of adult specimens 3.83‒5.56 mm (n=4), holotype 5.56 mm. Alive specimens completely black, except Ant II-IV base depigmented, and trochanters to unguis lightly yellow ( Fig. 3B ). Specimens in alcohol with similar color pattern, but dark purple pigments on body; eyepatches black ( Fig. 3D ). Scales present on Ant I to two basal third of Ant III, ventral and dorsal head, thorax and abdomen dorsally, legs (except empodia), anterior collophore, dorsal and ventral manubrium and dentes ventrally ( Figs 39C‒E , 41 A ). Ant I‒II densely covered by scales heavily ciliated, elongated in spiral-shape with rounded or truncate apex ( Fig. 35 A, C‒D ).

Head. Antennae shorter than body length, antennal ratio as I: II : III: IV = 1: 1.6 0‒1.76: 1.20‒1.25: 1.81‒2.16 (n=3), holotype 1: 1.76: 1.25: 2.16 ( Figs 3B, D , 35B ). Ant IV annulated, with apically bilobed apical bulb retractile and blunt sens ( Fig. 36 A ) . Ant III apical organ with two rod-like sens, 3 guard sens, and several blunt sens of different sizes ( Fig. 36B ). Ant I‒II enlarged ( Figs 35 A ‒B ) . Clypeal formula with 4 (l1‒2), 3 (f), 9 (pf0‒2) ciliate chaetae, l1 acuminate, l2 largest, and 2 prefrontal smaller ( Fig. 36C ). Four labral papillae large and rounded ( Fig. 36D ). Maxillary palp with smooth apical appendage (a.a.) and basal chaeta (b.c.) weakly ciliated, thicker and 0.88 smaller than apical. Eyes A and B larger, G and H smaller, with 3‒4 interocular chaetae (v, p, r, t), r eventually absent; head dorsal chaetotaxy ( Fig. 36E ) with 10‒12 ‘An’ mac (An 1, An 2‒3), 4 ‘A’ mac (A 0, A 2‒3, A 5), 4 ‘M’ mac (M1‒2, M 4i ‒4), 8 ‘S’ mac (S0‒6), 1 ‘Ps’ mac ( Ps 2), 5 ‘Pa’ mac ( Pa 1‒5), 2 ‘Pm’ mac ( Pm 1, Pm 3), 4 ‘Pp’ mac ( Pp 1‒3, Pp 5) , and 4 ‘Pe’ mac (Pe 2‒4 plus Pe 3p) . Basomedian and basolateral labial fields with M1‒2, R (smaller), E, L1‒2. Postlabial ventral chaetotaxy with about 18 ciliate chaetae, postlabial formula 4 (G1‒4), 3 (H2‒4), 4 (J1‒4), basal chaeta (b.c.) largest ( Fig. 36F ).

Thorax chaetotaxy ( Figs 37 A ‒B ). Th II, series ‘a’ with 4 ‒5 mac (a5ip‒5p and one unnamed rarely present); series ‘m’ with 11‒14 mac (m1‒2 complex, m 4i ‒4p), 4 mac present or absent; series ‘p’ with 20‒ 24 mac (p1ip4‒1p4p, p2a‒2ep2, p 3i 2‒3p, p5), p1ip4 and p 3i as mac or mic, p1p5 and p1p4p eventually absent . Th III, series ‘a’ with 6‒7 mac (a 1i ‒6), a2 rarely absent; series ‘m’ with 1‒ 2 mac (m1, m6), m1 generally as mic; series ‘p’ with 10 ‒12 mac (p1ip‒1p, p2a2‒2ea, p3, p5‒6), p1ip and p2ea mac rarely absent; 2 extra central and 10 lateral psp present . Th ratio as II: III = 1: 0.53‒0.59 (n=4), holotype 1 : 0.59.

Abdomen chaetotaxy ( Figs 35 E , 37C‒E , 38 A ‒B) . Abd I, series ‘a’ with 4 mac (a 1i ‒3); series ‘m’ with 4‒5 mac (m 2i ‒4), m 4i rarely absent, and 11 lateral psp present. Abd II, series ‘a’ with 2 mac (a2–3); series ‘m’ with 4 mac (m3‒3e, m5), and 3 lateral psp present. Abd III, series ‘m’ with 3 mac (m3, am6, pm6); series ‘p’ with 1 mac (p6), and 12 lateral psp. Abd IV with 17‒18 central mac of series ‘A’ to ‘T’ (A 3a‒6, Ae 7, B1‒6, C1, C4, T1 and one unnamed present or absent) , and 22 lateral mac of series ‘E’ to ‘Fe’ (E2‒4p, Ee 7, Ee 10, F1‒3, Fe 2‒5 and five of uncertain homology); at least 4 sens (as? and ps type I and 2 type II) , and posteriorly with 7 mes present. Abd V, series ‘a’ with 1 mac (a5); series ‘m’ with 4 mac (m2‒3, m5‒5e); series ‘p’ with 5 mac (p1, p3‒5, ap6); one extra sens next to acc.p4 sens rarely present. Abd ratio as III: IV = 1: 3.9 7‒5.33 (n=4) , holotype 1: 4.88.

Legs. Subcoxa I with 6 chaetae and 2 psp; subcoxa II with an anterior row of 9 chaetae, posterior row with 7 chaetae, 2 posterior chaetae and 8 psp; subcoxa III with one row of 12 chaetae, 5 anterior chaetae in a row and 2 posterior psp ( Figs 40 A ‒C ). Trochanter I‒II inner side with 9 and 11 spine-like chaetae, respectively, surrounded by ciliate chaetae ( Figs 39 A ‒B ; 40D‒E ) . Trochanteral organ with about 64 spine-like chaetae ( Fig. 40F ). Tibiotarsi inner side armed by 18 robust mac finely ciliate and apically acuminate, outer side with one basal largest and one acuminate and elongated chaeta ( Figs 39C‒E , 40G ). Unguis with basal and median teeth with the same length, apical tooth smaller. Unguiculus with all lamellae acuminate, pe lamella serrated distally and with small proximal tooth, other lamellae (ai, ae, pi) smooth; ratio unguis: unguiculus = 1: 0.52 ( Fig. 40H ) . Tibiotarsus III distally with inner smooth chaeta 1.11 larger than unguiculus; and outer tenent hair capitate, discretely ciliate, and 0.78 smaller than unguis.

Collophore ( Fig. 41 A ) . Anterior side with 14 ciliate chaetae, including 2 distal mac and 3 proximal long acuminate chaetae; posterior side with 20 ciliate chaetae, of which 2 distal thickest; lateral flap with 3 smooth chaetae (one small posteriorly) and about 29 ciliate chaetae.

Furcula ( Figs 41B‒C ). Manubrium ventrally with formula 1, 0, 0, 0/ 4 (subapical), 20 (apical) ciliate chaetae and approximately 23 elongated apical scales per side; manubrium dorsally with 6 subapical ciliate chaetae; manubrial plate with 8‒9 ciliate chaetae and 3 psp.

Etymology. The species was named after André Burgers, who collected the specimens.

Remarks. In general, S. burgersi sp. nov. is similar to S. pallidipes by body black with legs yellowish and overall dorsal macrochaetotaxy, head with mac M 4i, S4 and Pa4, and Abd I‒III with 9, 5 and 1 central mac respectively. However, S. burgersi sp. nov. differs from this species by Th II with up to 11 medio-central mac (up to 10 in S. pallidipes ) and 7‒8 mac in PmC group (9 in S. pallidipes ); Th III with up to 17 central mac (15 in S. pallidipes ), and Abd IV with 22 lateral mac (19 in S. pallidipes ). Other features that differ S. burgersi sp. nov. from S. pallidipes are prelabral inner chaetae smooth (ciliate in S. pallidipes ), collophore with 14 anterior and 20 posterior chaetae (9 and 12 in S. pallidipes ), and manubrium with formula 1, 0, 0, 0/ 4 (subapical), 20 (apical) ciliate chaetae (0, 0, 2, 2/4, 18 in S. pallidipes ).

The Ant I‒II enlarged with elongated spiral-shaped scales present in S. burgersi sp. nov. ( Figs 3B, D , 35A‒D ) is an unprecedented characteristic recorded in the genus (probably autapomorphic), as well as in Entomobryoidea, since somehow similar characteristics were observed only in some species of Dicranocentroides Imms (1912) ( Paronellidae ) ( Kim et al. 1999; Hazra & Mandal 2015). Species like S. meyerae (Coates, 1969) comb. nov., S. pectinifera Jacquemart, 1980 (in 1980b) and S. timiae Jacquemart, 1980 (in 1980c) also have modified scales in antennae and dorsal macrochaetotaxy smilar to S. burgersi sp. nov., and for that reason these species are closely related. However, in these species (except S. burgersi sp. nov.) the antennal scales have different morphologies (non-spiral) and are associated with modified chaetae (branched in S. pectinifera and spine-like in S. meyerae comb. nov. and S. timiae ), plus the dorsal macrochaetotaxy is clearly less dense when compared to the new species. Seira burgersi sp. nov. also differs from these species by another exclusive characteristic, the presence of numerous lateral psp on Th II‒Abd III ( Figs 37B‒E ). Other comparisons among species are presented in Tables 1 and 2.

Figures

FIGURE 3A–E. Seira spp., habitus (lateral view, except A in dorsal): A‒B, in natural habitat, A, S. betica sp. nov., courtesy of André Burgers (http://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/insectar ium/Seira-betica-img961392.html), B, S. burgersi sp. nov., courtesy of André Burgers (http://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/insectarium/Seira-burgersi-img961393.html); C‒E, preserved in alcohol: C, S. barrai sp. nov., D, S. burgersi sp. nov., E, S. betica sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5mm.

FIGURE 35A–F. Seira burgersi sp. nov.; A, head and antennae from Ant I to basal half of Ant III (dorsal view); B, Ant I‒IV segments (dorsal view); C‒D, differentiated scales of the Ant I‒II: C, apically truncate, D, apically rounded; E, dorsal chaetotaxy of Abd V (left side), arrow indicates extra sens; F, distal dens and mucro (lateral view). Scale bars: A‒B, 200 µm; C‒F, 20 µm.

FIGURE 36A–F. Seira burgersi sp. nov.: head; A, apex of Ant IV; B, Ant III apical organ; C, clypeal chaetotaxy; D, labral papillae; E, dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy; F, postlabial ventral head, arrows indicate normal ciliated chaetae and basal chaeta (b.c.), respectively.

FIGURE 37A–E. Seira burgersi sp. nov.: dorsal chaetotaxy; A, Th II; B, Th III; C, Abd I; D, Abd II; E, Abd III.

FIGURE 39A–E. Seira burgersi sp. nov.: legs chaetotaxy; A, trochanter I (inner view); B, trochanter II (inner view), arrows indicate spine-like chaetae; C, femur and tibiotarsus I (posterior view); D, tibiotarsus II (inner view), arrow indicates large outer teeth; E, tibiotarsus III (anterior view). Scale bars: A‒B, 50 µm; C‒E, 100 µm.

FIGURE 40A–H. Seira burgersi sp. nov.: A, subcoxa I; B, subcoxa II; C, subcoxa III; D, trochanter I chaetotaxy (inner side); E, trochanter I chaetotaxy (inner side); F, trochanteral organ; G, tibiotarsus II chaetotaxy (inner side), arrows indicate inner mac finely ciliate and apically acuminate and two types of outer ciliate chaetae, elongated and acuminate, respectively; H, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view).

FIGURE 41A–C. Seira burgersi sp. nov.: A, collophore chaetotaxy (lateral view); B, manubrium ventral chaetotaxy; C, manubrial plate and subapical chaetae (dorsal view).