Clorida denticauda ( Chhapgar & Sane, 1967 )

Nakajima, Hiroki, Ueda, Tetsuya, Itani, Gyo & Osawa, Masayuki, 2024, The mantis shrimp genus Clorida Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842 (Crustacea: Stomatopoda: Squillidae) in Japan, with the first Japanese record of Cloridina ichneumon (Fabricius, 1798), Zootaxa 5463 (4), pp. 501-523 : 507-510

Clorida denticauda ( Chhapgar & Sane, 1967)

[New Japanese name: Kuromimi-meboso-shako]

( Figs. 3 , 4 )

Restricted synonymy.

Squilla denticauda Chhapgar & Sane, 1967: 4–8 , fig. 2 [type locality: Bombay].

Clorida nazasaensis Garcia & Manning, 1982: 538–540 , fig. 2 [type locality: Nazasa Bay , Philippines, 14°49'N, 120°06'E, 3–37 m].

Clorida denticauda .— Ahyong et al. 2008: 83, 84, fig. 63, 64.

Material examined. RUMF-ZC-6525, 1 female (TL 25.3 mm, CL 4.1 mm), mouth of Yunara River , Funauki Bay, Iriomote Island, 24°20'06"N, 123°42'47"E, about 10 m, yabby pump, coll. T. Naruse and H. Nakajima, 25 Jun. 2019 . CBM-ZC 17110, 1 male (TL 78.7 mm, CL 13.7 mm), Shirahama , Iriomote Island, 24°21'16"N, 123°45'03"E, intertidal sand flat, yabby pump, coll. T. Komai, 15 Mar. 2017 . RUMF-ZC-7660, 1 male (TL 48.6 mm, CL 9.2 mm), Shirahama , Iriomote Island, tidal flat, mud and scattered sea grass, yabby pump, coll. M. Osawa, 16 Jun. 2011 . RUMF-ZC-7453, 1 female (TL 54.5 mm, CL 9.6 mm), Midara , Iriomote Island, 24°22'27"N, 123°44'57"E, about 10 m, yabby pump, 12 Aug. 2022 , coll. H. Nakajima. RUMF-ZC-7000, 1 male (TL 65.8 mm, CL 11.5 mm), off mouth of Nadara River , Funaura Bay, Iriomote Island, 24°24'16"N, 123°49'42"E, 15 m, yabby pump, coll. T. Sato, 23 Jan. 2021 . RUMF-ZC-7468, 1 female (TL 44.1 mm, CL 8.0 mm), Arakawa River , Ishigaki Island, 24°20'58"N, 124°08'32"E, intertidal tidal flat, coll. Okinawa Prefecture Environment Science Center, 12 Jun. 2018 . RUMF-ZC-7426, 1 male (TL 52.3 mm, CL 9.4 mm), south of Yabuchi Island , Uruma City, Okinawa Prefecture, 26°19'00"N, 127°55'17"E, tidal flat, yabby pump, coll. T. Sato, 18 May 2022 . RUMF-ZC-6984, 1 male (TL 40.1 mm, CL 7.0 mm), south of Yabuchi Island , Uruma City, Okinawa Prefecture, tidal flat, yabby pump, coll. T. Sato, 11 Jan. 2021 . RUMF-ZC-6651, 1 male (TL 70.3 mm, CL 11.9 mm), tidal flat, south of Yabuchi Island , Uruma City, Okinawa Prefecture, yabby pump, coll. T. Sato, 24 May 2020 . RUMF-ZC-6673, 1 male (TL 51.9 mm, CL 8.6 mm), 1 female (TL 57.3 mm, CL 10.2 mm), northeast of Miyagi Island , Uruma City, Okinawa Prefecture, tidal flat, coll. T. Sato & O. Sakoda, 21 Jun. 2020 . RUMF-ZC-7452, 1 female (TL 29.4 mm, CL 5.7 mm), Kyoda , Nago City, Okinawa Island, 26°32'39"N, 127°57'42"E, 10–15 m, yabby pump, coll. H. Nakajima, 22 Jun. 2021 . RUMF-ZC-7659, 1 female (TL 51.5 mm, CL 8.6 mm), Futami , Nago City, Okinawa Island, tidal flat, yabby pump, coll. T. Maenosono, 11 Apr. 2011 . RUMF-ZC-6882, 1 male (TL 23.1 mm, CL 4.1 mm), Shirahama , Setouchi Town, Amami-Oshima Island, 28°11'48"N, 129°16'15"E, yabby pump, coll. T. Naruse, 25 Sep. 2019 . RUMF-ZC-7980, 1 male (TL 46.9 mm, CL 7.8 mm), Aminoko , Setouchi Town, Amami-Oshima Island, 28°10'05"N, 129°21'45"E, subtidal, yabby pump, coll. T. Sato, 7 Oct. 2022 . CBM-ZC 17109, 2 males (TL 39.5 mm, CL 6.6 mm; TL 48.3 mm, CL 8.0 mm), Kumano Fishing port, Tanegashima Island, 30°27'31"N, 130°57'27"E, tidal flat, yabby pump, coll. T. Komai, 18 May 2018 . KAUM-AT-1108, 1 female (TL 77.9 mm, CL 12.4 mm), south of Kiire Fishing port, Kiire Town, Kagoshima Prefecture, 31°22'33"N, 130°32'50"E, tidal flat, yabby pump, coll. N. Shimizu, 21 Jun. 2020 . RUMF-ZC-7450, 1 female (TL 68.5 mm, CL 11.4 mm), middle area of Uranouchi Inlet , Tosa City, Kochi Prefecture, tidal flat, yabby pump, coll. G. Itani, 19 May 2022 .

Diagnosis. Carapace with anterolateral spines ( Fig. 3A, B ). A1 somite dorsal processes distally acute or blunt ( Fig. 3B ). Distal margin of second segment of A2 peduncle extending anteriorly beyond eyes ( Fig. 3A ). Mandibular palp absent. Raptorial claw dactylus with 3 ( Fig. 3E ) or 4 teeth ( Fig. 3F ), if 4 teeth present, proximalmost tooth minute. TS5 lateral process with blunt lobe in posterior view ( Fig. 3C ). AS 1–5 without SM carinae. AS 5 LT carina without posterior directed spine ( Fig. 3G, H ). Telson postanal carina absent or vestigial. Eye stalk with indistinct longitudinal black band dorsally ( Figs. 3A, B , 4A–C, E ). A2 scale black ( Figs. 3A , 4 ).

Colour in life. Body entirely beige, khaki or dull green ( Fig. 4 ). Eye stalk with indistinct longitudinal black line dorsally. Rostral plate black. Entire margin of carapace and posterior margin of each segment of TS6–8 and AS 1–5 with black narrow line. A2 scale except basal portion black. Integument sometimes with rusty surface (e.g., raptorial claw dactylus, Fig. 4B ). Mature female with reddish pink ovaries visible externally ( Fig. 4E ).

Morphological variation. In 19 specimens examined, the dorsal processes of the A1 somite were distally spined in 10 individuals, rounded in six individuals ( Fig. 3B ), and the remaining three individuals were spined on one side and rounded on another side. The raptorial claw dactylus has three well-formed teeth ( Fig. 3E ) and also one additional tiny tooth proximally in some specimens ( Fig. 3F ). There is no association between these morphological characters and development or sex in our specimens. Meanwhile, the lateral margin of the telson IM and LT teeth tend to be more strongly crenulate or denticulate in larger specimens. However, in the specimens larger than about TL 50 mm, the shape and size of the crenulation or denticulation are not always related to the growth. The dorsal carinae of the basal portion of primally teeth of the telson are more inflated in males ( Fig. 3G ) than females ( Fig. 3H ).

Remarks. Garcia & Manning (1982) originally described C. nazasaensis from the Philippines, but Manning (1995) and subsequent studies regarded the species as a junior synonym of C. denticauda . Our Japanese specimens on hand, however, agreed with the original description of C. nazasaensis rather than that of C. denticauda in the following two characters. First, the IM and MG carinae on the AS 5 each has a posterior directed spine, but the LT carina lacks such a spine in the original description of C. nazasaensis and our specimens examined (n = 19, TL 23.1–78.7 mm, including both sexes) ( Fig. 3G, H ). Nevertheless, the IM, LT and MG carinae on the AS 5 are all armed with posterior directed spines in the original description of C. denticauda ( Chhapgar & Sane 1967: fig. 2a). Second, the lateral margins of IM teeth of the telson in C. nazasaensis ( Garcia & Manning 1982: fig. 2d; male, TL 43 mm) and our specimens mentioned above clearly less denticulated than the original description of C. denticauda ( Chhapgar & Sane 1967: fig. 2d; male, TL 40 mm). Even in the large specimens ( Fig. 4G, H , see Morphological variation), it is much weakly denticulated than that of the holotype of C. denticauda and closely agrees with that of the holotype of C. nazasaensis ( Garcia & Manning 1982: fig. 2d).

These might be constant and distinct morphological differences between C. nazasaensis and C. denticauda s.s. (type locality: Bombay, India). However, Dr. Shane T. Ahyong kindly informed us that he has seen the unpublished figures of the holotype of C. denticauda and the tubercles on the telson margins were too exaggerated in the original figures by Chhapgar & Sane (1967). Thus, for more accurate taxonomic treatment on the two nominal species, further examination of material from wide range including type localities of both species is needed. We keep C. nazasaensis as a synonym of C. denticauda at present.

Clorida denticauda and C. seversi are similar in the absence of mandibular palp, but the former species is distinguished from C. seversi by the following characters: raptorial claw with three ( Fig. 3E ) or four ( Fig. 3F , proximalmost tooth tiny) teeth (vs. four well-formed teeth in C. seversi , Fig. 7E ); TS5 lateral process obtuse, with low lobe in posterior view ( Fig. 3C ) (vs. with short, triangular lobe in C. seversi , Fig. 7C ); postanal carina absent or indistinct (vs. clearly present in C. seversi , Fig. 7G ); A2 scale mostly black ( Figs. 3A , 4 ) (vs. only partially black in C. seversi , Fig. 7A ). Among the Japanese species of Clorida treated in the present study, C. denticauda can be easily distinguished from the others by having mostly black A2 scales.

This is the first record of C. denticauda from Japanese waters. The male specimen (RUMF-ZC-6651) is designated as the standard specimen for the new Japanese name (Kuromimi-meboso-shako) proposed here.

Distribution. India to Vietnam, the Philippines, New Caledonia, Taiwan and Japan ( Ahyong et al. 2008; this study). Distribution in Japan ( Fig. 11 ): Iriomote Island, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Island and adjacent small islands, Amami Ohshima Island, Tanegashima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture of Kyushu Island, and Kochi Prefecture of Shikoku Island.

Ecological note. This is the commonest Clorida species occurring in Japan, collected from the intertidal zone to about 15 m depth. Some copepod specimens, possibly belonging to the genus Hemicyclops , were observed on the ventral surface of the host stomatopods (e.g., RUMF-ZC-7000). Some female specimens (RUMF-ZC-7450, TL 68.5 mm; KAUM-AT-1108, TL 77.9 mm; Fig. 4E ) have well-developed ovaries.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Clorida denticauda (Chhapgar & Sane, 1967). A–E, G, RUMF-ZC-6651, male, TL 70.3 mm; F, H, KAUM-AT- 1108, female, TL 77.9 mm. Photographed after preservation in ethanol. A, anterior cephalothorax, dorsal view; B, same, right lateral view, anterior tip of A1 somite dorsal process (arrow); C, TS5, right posterolateral view, lateral lobe (arrow); D, right TS5–7, dorsal view; E, F, right raptorial claw, lateral view; G, H, TS5–6, uropod and telson, dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 mm. Photograph credit: H. Nakajima.

FIGURE 4. Clorida denticauda (Chhapgar & Sane, 1967). A, RUMF-ZC-6651, male, TL 70.3 mm; B, RUMF-ZC-6673, male, TL 51.9 mm; C, D, RUMF-ZC-7000, male, TL 65.8 mm; E, KAUM-AT-1108, female, TL 77.9 mm. A–C, entire body, dorsal view, photographed after anesthesia by clove oil; D, entire body, right lateral view, photographed while alive; E, entire body, dorsal view, photographed after freezing. Scale bars: 5 mm. Photograph credits: H. Nakajima (A–D), KAUM (E).

FIGURE 7. Clorida seversi Moosa, 1973. RUMF-ZC-7448, male, TL 49.7 mm, Photographed after 1 year preservation in ethanol. A, anterior cephalothorax, dorsal view; B, same, right lateral view, A1 somite dorsal process (arrow); C, right TS5, posterolateral view, lateral lobe (arrow); D, right TS5–7, dorsal view; E, right raptorial claw, lateral view; F, AS6, uropod and telson, dorsal view; G, same, ventral view; H, same, right lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A–D), 5 mm (E–H). Photograph credit: H. Nakajima.

FIGURE 11. Map showing the occurrences of five Clorida species and Cloridina ichneumon in Japan. Record of C. japonica at Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu Island (based on Komai 1927) is approximately plotted because of limited locality data.