Epiphragma (Epiphragma) subinsigne Alexander, 1920

Podenas, Sigitas, Podeniene, Virginija, Park, Sun-Jae, Seo, Hong-Yul, Kim, Tae-Woo, Kim, A-Young & Aukštikalnienė, Hye-Woo Byun and Rasa, 2019, Epiphragma crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea, Journal of Species Research 8 (4), pp. 407-420 : 417-418

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) subinsigne Alexander, 1920

Epiphragma subinsignis Alexander, 1920: 11-12 . Epiphragma (Epiphragma) subinsigne Savchenko, Krivolutskaya, 1976: 53-54 ; Savchenko, 1989: 75.

General: Body coloration: thorax dark brown, abdomen yellowish-brown. Body length of female 12.3 mm, wing length 12.0 mm.

Head: Ground color dark brown but densely covered with brownish gray pruinosity, posteriorly light brown. Vertex with dark brown tubercle and covered with long erect dark brown setae. Eye narrowly marginated by light gray. Head distinctly narrows posteriorly. Eyes widely separated. Antenna 3.2 mm long in female, reaching slightly before wing base if bent backward. Scape elongate, nearly three times as long as wide, nearly cylindrical, dark brown covered with brownish gray pruinosity. Pedicel less than half the length of scape, widened distally, concolorous with scape. Four basal flagellar segments yellow, just base of first flagellomere orange. Flagellomeres 5-10 indistinctly bicolorous, brownish with yellow base. Remaining flagellomeres brownish. Two basal flagellomeres fused together and cone-shaped, remaining flagellomeres elongate, getting longer towards apex. Apical flagellomere nearly as long as penultimate. Longest verticils about 1.5 times as long as respective segments. Rostrum brown. Palpus dark brown, blackish at base, dusted with brownish-gray. Labellum light brown dorsally, dark brown ventrally.

Thorax: Cervical sclerites dark brown. Pronotum dark brown, grayish frontally and laterally, with transverse suture across middle and with shallow median incision at frontal margin. Mesonotal prescutum with anterior half rusty brown, the posterior half dark brown dusted with brownish gray, with three indistinct longitudinal dark brown stripes. Median stripe getting lighter frontally and with distinct but short dark brown longitudinal line along the middle at frontal margin of sclerite. Areas between stripes covered with sparse erect setae. Scutal lobe dark brown dusted with gray, narrowly light brown along median margin. Area between lobes frontally polished dark brown, V-shaped. Scutellum brown dusted with gray. Mediotergite brown with dark brown lateral and posterior margins, dusted with gray. Pleuron brown with dark brown spot at middle of anepimeron and dark brown ventral part of katepisternum, dusted with silvery-gray. Wing ( Fig. 6A ) with intense brown ocellate spots, yellowish in stigmal area and at base. Spots with narrowly darkened margins. Veins brownish. Venation: Sc long, tip of Sc 1 reaching branching point of Rs. Sc 2 slightly beyond tip of Sc 1. Rs long, angulate and short spurred at base. Distal part of R 1 short, oblique, beyond R 2. R 2 transverse. R 3 and R 4 slightly diverging towards wing margin, R 5 slightly diverging from R 4 at wing margin. Discal cell elongate, 1.7 times as long as wide. Basal deflection of CuA 1 distinctly beyond branching point of M, at one-third length of discal cell. Distal end of A 2 slightly arched. Anal angle widely rounded, medium-wide. Length of female halter 1.8 mm. Halter yellow with dark brown base of knob. Coxae and trochanters brownish-yellow dusted with light gay. Femur yellow with two dark rings, distal before apex, another just beyond middle, apex narrowly brownish yellow. Tibia yellow with indistinctly darkened apex. Three basal tarsomeres light brown, fourth and fifths brown. Female femur II: 6.5 mm long, III: 7.3 mm, tibia II: 9.0 mm, III: 9.2 mm, tarsus II: 7.2 mm, III: 7.2 mm. Claw simple without subbasal spine.

Abdomen: Tergites indistinctly bicolorous with basal half brownish, distal yellowish and with narrowly darkened lateral margin. Basal sternites yellow, distal brownish yellow with narrowly pale posterior margin. Male genitalia ( Fig. 6B ) same width as remaining abdominal segments. Ninth tergite with two low triangular lobes at posterior margin. Gonocoxite elongate and strongly widened ventro-medially. Interbase with long barbed rod-shaped distal part. Outer gonostylus distinctly narrows distally, apical portion strongly arched. Inner gonostylus elongate, nearly parallel-sided, slightly arched. Penis long and narrow, bipartite. Female terminalia ( Fig. 6C ) dark brown dusted with gray. Tenth tergite elongate. Cercus reddish brown long and narrow, strongly arched, distal part raised upwards, point-apexed. Hypovalva long, comparatively narrow, slightly sinuous, with subapical brush of setae, round-apexed, reaching distinctly beyond middle of cercus.

Elevation range in Korea: About 800 m.

Period of activity in Korea: Adults are flying at the end of June.

Habitats: Wet mixed forest on mountain slope, and shaded nearly dry river valley with only pools left.

General distribution: Species is known from the Sakhalin and Kuril Islands, Far East of Russia and all four main islands of Japan. Recorded from the Korean Peninsula for the first time.

Examined material ( Fig. 7C ): Holotype, male (wing and genitalia slide-mounted), Japan, Saitama, May 29, 1919, R. Takahashi ( USNM); male and specimen with unclear sex (on same pin), Japan, Kyushu , Idaodake , 800 m, V-16, 1952, Ito-Issiki ( USNM); 3 males (on same pin), Japan, Shikoku , Omogo , VI-6, 1952, T. Yano ( USNM); metatype, male (pinned), Japan, Shikoku , Omogo V., VIII-22, 1953, Miyatake ( USNM); metatype, male (antenna, wing, leg and genitalia slide-mounted), Japan, Honshu , Mt. Amakazari , 900 m, VI-25, 1955, AM 96 ( USNM); metatypes, male and female (on same pin), [ Russia], E. Siberia, Kunashir, Tretjakovo, August 8, 1971, C. Parhomenko ( USNM); 1 female (pinned), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Odaesan National Park , N 37.73920, E 128.59398, alt. 794 m, 2012.06.22 (1), S. Podenas ( NIBR).

Figures

Fig. 6. Epiphragma (Epiphragma) subinsigne. A. wing. B. male genitalia, dorsal view. C. ovipositor, lateral view.

Fig. 7. Distribution maps of Korean Epiphragma(Epiphragma). A. E.(E.) gracilistylus. B. E.(E.) subfascipenne. C. E.(E.) subinsigne.