Epiphragma (Epiphragma) gracilistylus Alexander, 1933

Podenas, Sigitas, Podeniene, Virginija, Park, Sun-Jae, Seo, Hong-Yul, Kim, Tae-Woo, Kim, A-Young & Aukštikalnienė, Hye-Woo Byun and Rasa, 2019, Epiphragma crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea, Journal of Species Research 8 (4), pp. 407-420 : 411-412

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) gracilistylus Alexander, 1933

Epiphragma ocellaris gracilistylus Alexander, 1933: 141 . Epiphragma (Epiphragma) ocellaris gracilistyla Savchenko, Krivolutskaya, 1976: 53 ; Savchenko 1983: 47; 1989:

75; Starý, Oosterbroek, 2008. Epiphragma (Epiphragma) gracilistylus Kato, Nakamura,

2014.

General: Body coloration: thorax brown, abdomen yellowish-brown. Body length of male 9.8 mm, of female 13.3 mm, wing length of male 11.6 mm, of female 12.1 mm.

Head: Brown densely covered with brownish-gray pruinosity, rusty-brown line along middle of vertex more distinct on tubercle, narrowly light gray along eye margin, with long erect setae dorsally. Head distinctly narrows posteriorly. Eyes widely separated. Antenna 2.5 mm long in male, reaching to about wing base if bent backward. Scape elongate, nearly three times as long as wide, nearly cylindrical, dark brown covered with scarce gray pruinosity. Pedicel less than half the length of scape, widened distally, concolorous with scape. Flagellum orange at base, turning brownish towards distal end. Basal flagellomere widened, remaining flagellomeres elongate, getting longer towards apex. Apical flagellomere approximately as long as penultimate. Longest verticils up to 1.5 times as long as respective segments. Rostrum brown to rusty-brown. Palpus dark brown dusted with brownish-gray. Labellum light brown dorsally, dark brown ventrally.

Thorax: Cervical sclerites dark brown. Pronotum dark brown with shallow median incision, frontal and posteri- or margins brownish-yellowish gray. Mesonotal prescutum generally brown dusted with brownish-gray, widely brown along humeral-cephalic-humeral margin and with three indistinct longitudinal dark gray stripes. Median stripe lighter frontally and with distinct but short dark brown line at frontal margin of sclerite. Areas between stripes covered with erect setae. Scutal lobe dark brown dusted with gray, narrowly light brown along median margin. Area between lobes brown. Scutellum and mediotergite dark brown dusted with gray. Pleuron dark brown spotted with lighter areas and dusted with silvery-gray. Wing ( Fig. 2A ) with intense brown ocellate spots, yellowish in costal area and at base. Spots without darker margins. Veins yellowish-brown. Venation: Sc long, tip of Sc 1 reaching beyond branching point of Rs. Sc 2 beyond tip of Sc 1. Rs long, angulate and short spurred at base. Distal part of R 1 short, oblique, beyond R 2. R 2 nearly transverse. R 3 and R 4 slightly diverging towards wing margin, R 5 slightly diverging from R 4 at wing margin. Discal cell elongate, nearly twice as long as wide. Basal deflection of CuA 1 distinctly beyond branching point of M, at one-third length of discal cell. A 1 straight, distal end of A 2 slightly arched. Anal angle widely rounded, medium-wide. Length of male halter 1.8 mm, of female 2.1 mm. Halter brownish-yellow, knob dark brown at base and whitish at apex. Coxae yellow, just fore coxa slightly infuscate frontally, dusted with light gay. Trochanters brownish-yellow. Femur yellow with two dark rings, one wider at apex, another narrower just beyond middle. Tibia yellow with narrowly darkened apex. Three basal tarsomeres yellowish-brown with narrowly darkened apices, fourth and fifths tarsomeres brown to dark brown. Male femur I: 7.0 mm long, II: 7.0 mm, III: 7.9 mm, tibia I: 9.1 mm, II: 8.4 mm, III: 10.2 mm, tarsus I: 10.0 mm, II: 7.1 mm, III: 6.9 mm. Female femur I: 7.2 mm long, II: 6.9 mm, III: 7.8 mm, tibia I: 9.5 mm, II: 9.0 mm, III: 11.0 mm, tarsus I: 10.5 mm, II: 7.8 mm. Claw with long subbasal spine.

Abdomen: Tergites brownish-yellow with indistinct darker lines along middle and along lateral margin. Central line gets darker towards tip of abdomen. Basal sternites pale yellow, distal brownish-yellow with narrowly pale posterior margin. Male terminalia ( Fig. 2B, C ) dark brown sparsely dusted with gray. Ninth tergite distinctly wider than longer with two small tubercles at the middle of posterior margin. Shape of tubercles slightly varies individually. Gonocoxite elongate, simple, wider at base, narrower beyond middle, without additional lobes. Outer gonostylus long, narrow, setose, apex spine-shaped and curved inwards. Inner gonostylus long, narrow, fleshy and setose. Interbase comparatively short and wide, strongly sclerotised. Penis narrow and straight. Ovipositor ( Fig. 2D ) yellowish-brown. Ninth tergite elongate, tenth tergite wider than longer. Cercus darker than tenth tergite, long and narrow, strongly arched, distal part raised upwards, point-apexed. Hypovalva long, narrow at base, widened beyond middle with raised distal part, yellowish along middle, slightly sinuous, with few setae on tip, round-apexed, reaching to middle of cercus.

Elevation range in Korea: From 1150 m to about 1500 m.

Period of activity: From mid-June to mid-July.

Habitats: Mixed and deciduous forests.

General distribution: Far East of Russia and Japan. Recorded from the Korean Peninsula for the first time.

Remarks: E. gracilistylus was described by Alexander (1933) as a subspecies of E. ocellare ( Linnaeus, 1760) . Description was based on a single specimen from the Eastern Siberia. Alexander noted just slight differences from the typical E. ocellaris in male hypopygium. Savchenko, Krivolutskaya (1976) and Savchenko (1989) mentioned E. (E.) ocellaris gracilistyla, based on Alexander (1933) for the Far East of Russia, but all E. N. Savchenko’s specimens were identified as E. ocellare . He just made a remark, that E. (E.) ocellaris gracilistyla probably is just an indistinct local geographic variation. Starý and Oosterbroek ( Starý, Oosterbroek, 2008) decided that Savchenko “obviously did not accept subspecific status of E. ocellare gracilistyla ”. Kato and Nakamura (2014) raised it to species rank and all Japanese specimens were identified as E. gracilistylus . North Korean specimen, that we were able to study, was collected not far from the type locality of E. ocellaris gracilistylus . At the moment E. ocellare and E. gracilistylus are treated as separate species ( Oosterbroek, 2019), but so far, no special study was done on taxonomical status of E. gracilistylus .

Examined material ( Fig. 7A ): Holotype, male (antenna, fore leg and part of genitalia slide-mounted), E. Siberia, Tigrowaja, Suchan distr. , Ussuri , VI-16, 1927, A. Stack- elberg ( USNM); 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Seren Mts. , alt. 3800 ft., July 10-11, 1938, Yankovsky ( USNM); 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Seren Mts. , 5000 ft., VI-21, 1938, Yankovsky ( USNM). Also compared with 1 female (pinned), Japan, Hokkaido Isl., Shiretoko Peninsula , N 44.108358, E 145.09114, alt. ~ 300 m, 2011.06.20, coll. K. Skrupskelis ( NRC).

Figures

Fig. 2. Epiphragma (Epiphragma) gracilistylus. A. wing. B. male genitalia, dorsal view. C. male genitalia with removed ninth tergite, dorsal view. D. ovipositor, lateral view.

Fig. 7. Distribution maps of Korean Epiphragma(Epiphragma). A. E.(E.) gracilistylus. B. E.(E.) subfascipenne. C. E.(E.) subinsigne.