Cryphalus viburni Stark, 1936

Johnson, Andrew J., Li, You, Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Park, Sangwook, Lin, Ching-Shan, Gao, Lei & Hulcr, Jiri, 2020, East Asian Cryphalus Erichson (Curculionidae, Scolytinae): new species, new synonymy and redescriptions of species, ZooKeys 995, pp. 15-66 : 15

Cryphalus viburni Stark, 1936 Figure 16E-H

Cryphalus viburni Stark, 1936: 151 (Russia) Eggers, 1942: 30 (Russia).

Type material examined.

Russia • 1 Lectotype; “Шкотово” [Primorskiy Kray, Shkotovo]; “VI.1929” [Jun.1929], “Шаблиовск.” [V.V. Shabliovskiy leg.]; " Cryphalus viburni Stark. Typ. V. Stark det. 1932 //Lectotypus Cryphalus viburni Stark Michalski J. 1965 [des.]"; UFFE:34766 (ZIN) • 7 Paralectotypes; same collection information except labelled with " Cryphalus viburni Stark. Typ. V.Stark det. 1932// Paralectotypus"; UFFE:34767 (ZIN).

Other material examined.

Russia • 1 ♀; Primorskiy Kray, Laso Nature Reserve, Sukhoy River post; 15 Aug. 1990; M. Yu. Mandelshtam leg.; under bark of Viburnum sargentii ; UFFE:31842 (FSCA) • 9 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂; same collection data; UFFE:34768 (ZIN).

Diagnosis.

Cryphalus viburni can be identified by the size (1.40-1.70 mm), by the aciculate frons, by the antennal club with slightly recurved, almost straight sutures, by the short pronotal disc (1/4 of the length), by the entirely hair-like setae on the pronotal disc, by the hair-like interstrial bristles of approximately equal length over the elytra.

Cryphalus viburni can be distinguished from similar Cryphalus scopiger by the smaller size ( C. viburni : 1.40-1.70 mm, versus C. scopiger : 1.70-1.95 mm), by the profile of the pronotum ( C. viburni : more semi-circular, widest at base, versus C. scopiger : widest in line with summit), by the elytra sculpturing ( C. viburni : striae barely impressed, versus C. scopiger : striae impressed), and by the interstrial ground vesiture at elytral apex of the females ( C. viburni : similar to rest of elytra, versus C. scopiger : dense and elongated making a brush).

Cryphalus mangiferae and C. paramangiferae are somewhat similar but can be easily distinguished by the antennal sutures ( C. viburni : almost straight, versus C. mangiferae and C. paramangiferae : procurved), and by the profile of the pronotum and the size of the pronotal disc ( C. viburni : disc one quarter of pronotal length, pronotum widest at base, versus C. mangiferae and C. paramangiferae : disc one third of pronotal length, widest near in line of summit).

Female. Length 1.50-1.70 mm. Proportions variable, 2.06-2.36 as long as wide. Frons simple, convex, in the lower portion with aciculations converging at epistoma, and fine median keel, sometimes obscure, in the upper portion with sparsely set punctures, faintly shining. Antennal club with three slightly recurved, nearly straight sutures marked by setae (fourth suture only indistinctly feebly marked) at outer surface and three strongly procurved sutures at inner surface. Antennal funiculus with four funicular segments, total length short, less than half of length of club. Pronotal colour black, similar to head and elytra. Pronotal profile transverse (and not longitudinal or of equal length and width as stated by Krivolutskaya, 1996), 0.75-0.86 as long as wide, semi-circular, widest at base, with parallel sides in posterior third and rather broadly rounded anteriorly, posterior angles nearly rectangular. Pronotal margin rounded, armed with four to six serrations at the anterior margin, rather widely spaced, central denticles larger than lateral. Pronotal declivity with approximately 50 asperities. Pronotal disc approximately one fourth of the pronotal length, sloping rather strongly from the summit. Pronotal vestiture short, hair-like, golden, on disc (without scale-like setae). Suture between pronotum and elytra sinuate, base of the pronotum is marked with fine carina. Scutellum V-shaped. Elytra variable in proportions, 1.43-1.57 × as long as wide, 2.0-2.26 × as long as pronotum, 1.07 × wider than pronotum, parallel-sided for 3/4 of length, then broadly rounded toward apex. Striae not strongly impressed, interstriae only slightly convex, punctures in striae without flat bottom, touching neighbouring punctures, elytral surface only faintly shining. Interstrial bristles erect, hair-like, of even moderate length along elytra, with pointed apices. Interstrial ground vestiture scale-like arranged in three-four rows at each interstria consists of rather short blunt scales 1.5-2.0 × as long as wide. Protibiae and protarsi with only straight, hair-like setae. Mesocoxae separated barely more than metacoxae. Proventriculus not examined.

Male.

Length 1.45-1.70 mm. Similar to female, except elytra slightly stouter than in female. Aedeagus not studied. Proventriculus not studied.

Recorded plant hosts.

Adoxaceae : Viburnum sargentii Koehne, V. dilatatum Thunb. ( Yin et al. 1984 [unconfirmed]).

Distribution.

Russia (Primorskiy Kray); China (Shaanxi ( Tsai and Li 1963 [unconfirmed]); Shanxi ( Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017 [unconfirmed])).

Suggested vernacular name.

Russian: Калиновый крифал; Chinese: 荚蒾梢小蠹.

Remarks.

Despite discovering that this species had been incorrectly reported from northern China, we expect it to be present. We were unable to corroborate records from Shaanxi, or records collected on Viburnum dilatatum as a host, initially mentioned by Yin et al. (1984) without citing any collections.

Figures

Figure 16. A-D Cryphalus scopiger A, C female, UFFE: 33471 B, D male, UFFE: 33472 E-H Cryphalus viburni E, G paralectotypes (2 different specimens, sex unknown), UFFE: 34767 F, H male, UFFE: 31842 [H is flipped horizontally].