Lysiloma Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 82. 1844.
|
publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716 |
|
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B950E264-9C59-BE88-307F-BEDC3FCC2A79 |
|
treatment provided by |
|
|
scientific name |
Lysiloma Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 82. 1844. |
| status |
|
Lysiloma Benth., London J. Bot. 3: 82. 1844. View in CoL
Figs 212 View Figure 212 , 214 View Figure 214
Type.
Lysiloma schiedeanum Benth. [= Lysiloma divaricatum (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr.]
Description.
Unarmed small trees or shrubs. Stipules commonly submembranous, linear to obliquely dilated, semicordate, or flabellate, absent from all fruiting and most mature flowering specimens. Leaves bipinnate, extrafloral nectaries near or well above mid-petiole, sessile, either cupular or mounded, narrow-pored, and smaller nectaries often between some distal pinnae-pairs and toward tips of pinnae; pinnae 1-30 pairs; leaflets 1.5-50 pairs per pinna, venation simple, or weakly pinnate, or palmate-pinnate. Inflorescence either spicate-racemose, or spherical capitate, or hemispherical umbelliform. Flowers homomorphic or almost so, the central flower sometimes a little stouter, but never longer than the others; calyx campanulate, short-toothed; corolla tubular; stamens 12-32, joined into a tube at the base, exserted; pollen in 16-grained polyads, more or less isodiametric; ovary sessile or almost so, glabrous at anthesis. Fruit either a craspedium or an indehiscent legume, long persistent on tree, stipitate, in profile linear or oblong-elliptic, acute or obtuse, framed by prominent sutures, the papery-crustaceous valves plano-compressed except where crumpled or low-bullate over seeds, straight but sometimes twisted through 180° either above or below middle, the exocarp exfoliating to reveal the stramineous endocarp, less often not exfoliating in craspedial species, the valves separating from the persistent sutures and falling together out of the marginal frame, the seeds then released on the ground. Seeds transverse, compressed ellipsoid, funicle filiform, lustrous brown, pleurogram commonly U-shaped, sometimes semicircular, or closed.
Chromosome number.
2 n = 26 ( Jarolĭmovă 1994).
Included species and geographic distribution.
Eight species, in Mexico, Central America as far south as Costa Rica, and the Greater Antilles, one species reaching subtropical south Florida, and one species extending north into south-eastern Arizona in the USA (Fig. 214 View Figure 214 ).
Ecology.
Predominantly seasonally dry tropical forests and adjacent arid and semi-arid thorn scrub in north-western Mexico and the southern USA, extending into mid-elevation pine-oak formations and weakly into wetter less seasonal lowland tropical rainforest. Generally on freely-drained soils, coastal sand dunes and shallow limestone soils. Most species are deciduous, flowering often coinciding with leaf flush at the end of the dry season. Fruits are often long persistent on the tree.
Etymology.
Derived from the Greek, Lysis (= to loose) and loma (= edge), referring to the shedding of the legume sutural frame (or edge) at fruit maturity (i.e., craspedial dehiscence).
Notes.
The carpological character that distinguishes most Lysiloma species from other New World ingoid genera is the craspedial fruit with sutures which usually persist as a frame after the valves have separated ( Barneby and Grimes 1997). However, not all species of Lysiloma have craspedial dehiscence in which the valves of the pods detach as a unit, together with the seeds, from the often persistent sutural frame. Two species have indehiscent fruits: L. latisiliquum (L.) Benth. and L. sabicu Benth.
Taxonomic references.
Barneby and Grimes (1997); Duno et al. (2021); Gale and Pennington (2004) with illustrations.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.