Phortica, 2009

He, Xiaofang, Gao, Jianjun, Cao, Huazhi, Zhang, Xiaolei & Chen, Hongwei, 2009, Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (2), pp. 359-372 : 362-364

PHORTICA FLOCCIPES CAO & CHEN SP. NOV.

( FIGS 1 , 8 , 13–15 )

Material examined: Holotype male, CHINA: Dajiuhu, Shennongjia , Hubei, 3.viii.2005, H. W. Chen ( SCAU, No. 120020) . Paratypes: CHINA: four males, three females, same data as holotype except 3–5.viii.2005, H. Z. Cao, H. W. Chen, and M. F. Xu (one male and one female in KIZ; the rest in SCAU, Nos 120021–25); two males, two females, Miyaluo, Lixian, Sichuan, 8–10.ix.2005, M. F. Xu and H. L. Cao ( SCAU, Nos 120026–29) .

Description: Male and female. Head: frons black, with grey pollinosity. Thorax: scutum almost black, with grey pollinose pattern. Scutellum black, with a pair of yellow patches submedially. Legs: hind tibiae with three black rings, three irregular rows of suberect setae on ventral surface, which are slightly shorter than tibia width ( Fig. 2A ), apically with one long curved seta ( Fig. 2B ). All fourth and fifth tarsomeres black, the rest grey-yellow. Male terminalia: cercus with two strong setae ( Fig. 14 ). Surstylus medially protrudent, with two rows of about seven to eight prensisetae, apically round, with four prensisetae ( Fig. 14 ). Paramere submedially with three small processes, two of them with sensillum, apically with one sensillum; basal process with fine sawteeth ( Fig. 15 ).

A KEY TO SPECIES OF THE PHORTICA HANI SPECIES COMPLEX (MALES)

1. Arista with only short dorsal branches; wing R 4+5 and M 1 veins nearly parallel; fifth sternite notched posteromedially; cercus ventrally with two to three long, strong setae; paramere with one spike-like process basally; aedeagus nearly membranous ( Phortica hani complex) ..........................................................................................2

2. Hindleg tibia lacking a long seta apically (males only known); surstylus with one prensiseta apically; basal spike-like process of paramere lacking fine sawteeth ............................................................................... 3

– Hindleg tibia with a long seta apically; surstylus apically with two prensisetae at least; basal process of paramere with fine sawteeth.............................................................................................................................4

3. Surstylus apically truncate; cercus ventrally with three long setae .............................................................. ........................................................................................... Phortica longicauda Cao & Chen sp. nov.

– Surstylus apically pointed; cercus ventrally with two long setae......... Phortica longiseta Cao & Chen sp. nov.

4. Hindleg tibia apically with one row of short, scopiform setae on ventral surfaces (male only known); surstylus with two prensisetae apically.................................................................. Phortica panda Cao & Chen sp. nov.

– Hindleg tibia lacking scopiform setae apically; surstylus with three prensisetae at least................................5

5. Hindleg tibiae with three black rings and two to three rows of suberect setae on ventral surface, lacking long setae on posteroventral surface; surstylus not covered by epandrium..................................................................6

– Hindleg tibiae with two rings, lacking fringe-like setae on ventral surface, with one row of long setae on posteroventral surface, surstylus covered by epandrium ........................................................................... 7

6. Fringe-like setae of hindleg tibiae as long as 1.5¥ of tibia width; surstylus medially not protrudent, with two prensisetae.................................................................................................. Phortica hani (Zhang & Shi)

– Fringe-like setae of hindleg tibiae shorter than tibia width; surstylus medially protrudent, with seven to eight prensisetae arranged in two rows .................................................. Phortica floccipes Cao & Chen sp. nov.

7. Scutellum orange-brown, black along margin; hindleg tibia basally to apically with one row of about 11 long setae on anteroventral surface which are about as long as the tibia width............................................................ ............................................................................................. Phortica hirtotibia Cao & Chen sp. nov.

– Scutellum entirety blackish; hind tibiae distally with one row of about eight strong setae on anteroventral surface, most of which are shorter than the tibia width............................. Phortica pinguiseta Cao & Chen sp. nov.

A KEY TO PHORTICA HANI SPECIES COMPLEX BASED ON ND2 AND COI SEQUENCES

In the following key to seven species of the P. hani complex, character statuses at diagnostic sites were compared between a given pair of taxa. Each status depiction starts with a letter denoting its affiliated gene (N: ND2; C: COI), followed by a number (in subscript) indicating the site positions in the sequences of the affiliated gene, and then by the codon position of the site (in parentheses and in subscript), the nucleotide type (after a colon), and the corresponding amino acid type (after a slash, all shown by standard three-letter abbreviations). No character was found to diagnose between P. floccipes and P. panda based on their ND2 or COI sequences.

1. N 330 (3rd): A/Leu; N 627 (3rd): A/Leu; N 919 (1st): A/Met; C 204 (3rd): A/Val; C 534 (3rd): T/Arg; C 574 (1st): C/Leu; C 627 (3rd): T/Thr; C 705 (3rd): T/Phe; C819 (3rd):T/Tyr; C 894 (3rd): C/Asp; C1002 (3rd): A/Pro................................................................................2

– N330 (3rd): T/Phe; N627 (3rd): T/Phe; N919 (1st): G/Val; C204 (3rd): T/Val; C534 (3rd): A/Arg; C574 (1st): T/Leu; C627 (3rd): A/Thr; C705 (3rd): C/Phe; C819 (3rd): C/Tyr; C 894 (3rd): T/Asp; C1002 (3rd): G/Pro .............................................................................. 4

2. N292 (1st): G/Val; N605 (2nd): C/Thr; N996 (3rd): A/Met; C72 (3rd): C/Ala; C279 (3rd): T/Pro; C402 (3rd): C/Ile; C573 (3rd): T/Phe; C756 (3rd): T/Ile; C805 (1st): C/Leu; C1083 (3rd): C/Val; C1201 (1st): T/Leu; C1335 (3rd): T/Tyr ............................................................. .............................................................................................. Phortica longiseta Cao & Chen sp. nov.

– N 292 (1st): A/Met; N 605 (2nd): T/Ile; N 996 (3rd): T/Ile; C 72 (3rd): T/Ala; C 279 (3rd): C/Pro; C 402 (3rd): T/Ile; C 573 (3rd): C/Phe; C 756 (3rd): C/Ile; C805 (1st): T/Leu; C1083 (3rd): T/Val; C1201 (1st): C/Leu; C1335 (3rd): C/Tyr ................................................................... 3

3. N144 (3rd): C/Asn; N333 (3rd): T/His; C1023 (3rd): A/Gly; C1089 (3rd): T/Ile........... Phortica pinguiseta Cao & Chen sp. nov.

– N144 (3rd): T/Asn; N333 (3rd): C/His; C1023 (3rd): G/Gly; C1089 (3rd): C/Ile............ Phortica hirtotibia Cao & Chen sp. nov.

4. N441 (3rd): A/Lys; N444 (3rd): T/Pro; N795 (3rd): A/Gln; N810 (3rd): C/Asn; C201 (3rd): A/Met; C456 (3rd): T/Gly; C474 (3rd): A/Gly; C537 (3rd): A/Met; C 648 (3rd): C/Ser; C 747 (3rd): T/Phe ...................................................................................................... ......................................... Phortica floccipes Cao & Chen sp. nov. / Phortica panda Cao & Chen sp. nov.

– N 441 (3rd): G/Lys; N 444 (3rd): C/Pro; N 795 (3rd): G/Gln; N 810 (3rd): T/Asn; C 201 (3rd): G/Met; C 456 (3rd): A/Gly; C 474 (3rd): G/Gly; C 537 (3rd): G/Met; C648 (3rd): T/Ser; C747 (3rd): C/Phe.....................................................................................................5

5. N405 (3rd): C/Ile; N 603 (3rd): C/Phe; N651 (3rd): C/Thr; N774 (3rd): T/Pro; N915 (3rd): T/Asn; C513 (3rd): C/Ala; C594 (3rd): T/Pro; C855 (3rd): G/Val; C1218 (3rd): A/Lys .................................................................................... Phortica hani (Zhang & Shi)

– N405 (3rd): T/Ile; N 603 (3rd): T/Phe; N651 (3rd): T/Thr; N774 (3rd): A/Pro; N915 (3rd): C/Asn; C513 (3rd): T/Ala; C594 (3rd): G/Pro; C855 (3rd): T/Val; C 1218 (3rd): G/Lys............................................................... Phortica longicauda Cao & Chen sp. nov.

Measurements: BL = 3.70 mm in holotype (range in four male and five female paratypes: 3.50–4.20); ThL = 1.75 mm (1.60–2.00); WL = 3.30 mm (3.05– 3.60); WW = 1.35 mm (1.30–1.75).

Indices: arb = 3/0 (3–6/0), adf = 0.79 (0.53–0.79), flw = 1.64 (1.54–2.00), FW/HW = 0.50 (0.49–0.53), ch/o = 0.13 (0.12–0.14), prorb = 1.21 (1.00–1.33), rcorb = 0.52 (0.38–0.53), vb = 0.36 (0.32–0.59), dcl = 0.52 (0.49– 0.62), presctl = 0.44 (0.44–0.57), sctl = 1.05 (1.03– 1.07), sterno = 0.81 (0.65–0.94), orbito = 1.70 (1.46–1.67), dcp = 0.26 (0.19–0.30), sctlp = 0.87 (0.72– 0.96), C = 2.54 (2.57–3.24), 4c = 1.37 (1.07–1.26), 4v = 2.50 (2.25–2.65), 5x = 0.88 (0.68–1.10), ac = 2.25 (1.69–2.08), M = 0.65 (0.49–0.76), C3F = 0.56 (0.43– 0.60).

Etymology: A combination of the Latin words floccus and pes, referring to the hindleg tibia with suberect setae.

Distribution: China (Hubei, Sichuan).

Figures

Figures 1–6. Hindlegs of male. For details of the parts denoted by letters a–e see the descriptions of individual species.

Figures 7–12. Fifth sternites of male: 7, Phortica hani Zhang & Shi; 8, Phortica floccipes Cao & Chen sp. nov.; 9, Phortica hirtotibia Cao & Chen sp. nov.; 10, Phortica panda Cao & Chen sp. nov.; 11, Phortica longicauda Cao & Chen sp. nov.; 12, Phortica longiseta Cao & Chen sp. nov. The scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 13–15. Phortica floccipes Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 13, arista; 14, epandrium (epand), surstylus (sur), cercus (cerc), and tenth sternite (st 10) (lateral view); 15, hypandrium (hypd), gonopods (gon), paramere (pm), aedeagus (aed), and aedeagal apodeme (aed a) (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.