Xynobius Foerster, 1862

Li, Xi-Ying, Achterberg, Cornelis van & Tan, Ji-Cai, 2013, Revision of the subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Hunan (China), including thirty-six new species and two new genera, ZooKeys 268, pp. 1-186 : 119

Genus Xynobius Foerster, 1862 Figs 384-393

Xynobius Foerster, 1862: 235. Type species (by original designation): Xynobius pallipes Foerster, 1862 (= Opius caelatus Haliday, 1837) [examined].

Aclisis Foerster, 1862: 267. Type species (by original designation): Aclisis isomera Foerster, 1862 (= Opius caelatus Haliday, 1837) [examined].

Holconotus Foerster, 1862: 259 (nec Schmidt-Göbel, 1846). Type species (by original designation): Opius comatus Wesmael, 1835) [examined].

Aulonotus Ashmead, 1900b: 368 (new name for Holconotus Foerster). Type species (by original designation): Opius comatus Wesmael, 1835) [examined].

Eristernaulax Viereck, 1914a: 362. Type species (by original designation): Eristernaulax leucotaenia Viereck, 1914) [examined].

Stigmatopoea Fischer, 1986: 610, 611 (as subgenus of Opius Wesmael), 1998: 25 (key to species); Wharton, 1988: 356; 2006: 338 (as subgenus of Eurytenes Foerster, 1862; possible paraphyly in Xynobius ). Type species (by original designation): Opius macrocerus Thomson, 1895 [examined]. Syn. by van Achterberg (2004).

Xynobiotenes Fischer, 1998: 23 (as subgenus of Eurytenes Foerster, 1862). Type species (by original designation): Opius scutellatus Fischer, 1962 [examined]. Syn. n.

Diagnosis.

Hypoclypeal depression present, large, and medially ventral margin of cly-peus above upper level of condyli of mandibles ("subcyclostome condition"; Fig. 388); mandible simple basally, at most with a narrow ventral carina (Fig. 390); notauli complete (Fig. 386) or largely absent; medio-posterior depression of mesoscutum present (Fig. 386); below precoxal sulcus without a second sculptured sulcus; vein m-cu of fore wing usually (sub)parallel to vein 1-M (Fig. 385); vein r more or less angled with vein 3-SR of fore wing and distinctly shorter than vein 2-SR (Fig. 385); pterostigma long and narrow and more or less widened towards its apex (Fig. 385), or elliptical or triangular; dorsope present (Fig. 389); hypopygium of ♀ at most slightly incised (Fig. 392).

Biology.

Koinobionts endoparasitoids of leaf miners of Anthomyiidae (species of the genus Pegomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), of Tephritidae (species of the genera Euleia Walker, 1835, and Trypeta Meigen, 1803) and Scathophagidae (species of the genus Parallelomma Becker, 1894 (= Chylizosoma Hendel, 1924)).

Notes.

Wharton (1988) treated Xynobius as a synonym of the genus Opius Wesmael, 1837, but it has a distinct dorsope and usually (at least in the type species) normal mandibles, and therefore it cannot be included in the genus Opius . The molecular data clearly show that Xynobius is distantly related to Opius (Figs 1-3 and unpublished data of S. Yaakop). Part of it (the subgenus Stigmatopoea Fischer, 1986) has been included by Fischer (1998) and Weng and Chen (2005) in the genus Eurytenes Foerster, 1862, but it fits better in the genus Xynobius (van Achterberg, 2004a). Wharton (1988, 2006) and Walker and Wharton (2011) placed Xynobius as a subgenus of Eurytenes but we consider it better to keep them separated till more data are known about their relationships.