Lamprigera yunnana (Fairmaire, 1897)

Dong, Zhiwei, Yiu, Vor, Liu, Guichun, He, Jinwu, Zhao, Ruoping, Peng, Yanqiong & Li, Xueyan, 2021, Three new species of Lamprigera Motschulsky (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) from China, with notes on known species, Zootaxa 4950 (3), pp. 441-468 : 463-464

Lamprigera yunnana (Fairmaire, 1897)

Figs 94–102

Lamprophorus yunnanus Fairmaire, 1897: 216 (Type locality: China: Yunnan). Lamprigera yunnanensis: McDermott, 1966: 77 . Lamprigera yunnana: Lai, 1998: 207-215 ; Jeng, 2000: 313-319.

Lamprigera yunnana (genome size): Liu et al. 2017: 449-458.

Lamprigera yunnana (luciferase): Liu et al. 2019: 1186-1194.

Lamprigera yunnana (mitogenome): Chen et al. 2019: 140.

Lamprigera yunnana (de novo genome): Zhang et al. 2020: 15882.

Redescription of our male specimens ( Figs 94–96 ). Body oblong. BL: 17.4–18.1 mm; BW: 6.9–7.6 mm; BW/BL approximate 0.40–0.42. Coloration ( Figs 94–96 ): head black; prosternum, and mesosternum, dorsum with pentagonal pronotal disc black, other area of pronotum light brown ( Fig. 95 ); scutellum dark brown; elytra black with light brown posterior edge; thorax brown; legs brown, tibiae and tarsi black; thoracic venters, and abdominal ventrites VI–VII light brown; tibiae, tarsi and ventrites I–V dark brown. Head. Compound eyes very large, PW/GHW = 1.81– 1.72, kidney-shaped in lateral view and almost contiguous ventrally, interspace between eyes concave. Antennae clavate, short, only slightly longer than the diameter of a compound eye, a little exceeding the frontal edge of pronotum in transverse view, hirsute, first antennomere as long as second, second narrower, 3–10segments triangular, last antennomere bifurcate apically. Mandibles curved, slender and sharply pointed; maxillary palp 5-segmented, apical segment circular; labial pointed bi-segmented. Thorax. Pronotum ( Fig. 96 ) semi-elliptical (PW/PL = 1.46–1.71), with translucent edge, and triangular black mark on central disc, central carina obvious, central disc translucent and convex. Scutellum triangular. Elytra oblong, basal disc strongly convex, with four longitudinal costae. Legs slender. Abdomen. Abdominal terga with posterior angles acutely projected posteriad, increasingly arcuate posteriad. Pygidium with circular lateral margins and posterior edge centrally depressed. Ventrite VII semi-circular.

Male genitalia ( Figs 97–99 ). Aedeagus sheath 1.6 mm long, covering dorsal side of male genitalia, with broadly rounded base. Aedeagus 1.75 mm long, well sclerotised. Basal piece oblong and smooth, shorter than parameres. Median lobe slender and slightly narrowed towards the apex in dorsal aspect, a little longer than parameres. Parameres hypertrophic, close to the medial lobe, distal portion sinuate, a small protuberance near their top.

Female ( Figs 100–101 ). Apterous form, compressed, like larva in shape, nota and terga undifferentiated. BL: 28–42 mm; BW: 8–9.7 mm. Coloration: whole body pale yellow-brown, smooth surface, tergum edge saw-like. Light organs developed as a pair of C-shaped spots on ventrite VIII laterally. The end of the abdomen lifts when it glows ( Fig. 100 )

Last instar larva ( Fig. 102 ). BL: 40 mm; BW: 9 mm. Coloration: body dorsum black with two sides yellow, yellow markings varies between individuals; smooth surface. Ventral tergum edge saw-like, pronotum big with two symmetrical plaques. Light organs developed as a pair of C-shaped spots on ventrite VIII laterally.

Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan: one ♂ and three ♀, Kunming Botanical Garden, Panlong District , Kunming City , 10.XI.2007, leg. Qing-Bai Hou, Ping-Xuan Dong (Lg1); Two ♂, Southwest Forestry University , Panlong District , Kunming City , 20.IX.2013, leg. Wen-Na Chen (Lg3-M); Two ♂ and two ♀, Chujiazhuang , Dianyuan town , Kunming City , 17.X.2015, leg. Xue-Yan Li (Lg4); 10 ♂ and five ♀, Tianyifenjing Community , Wuhua District , Kunming City , 24.IX.2016, leg. Xue-Yan Li (Lg21); 15 ♂ and five ♀, Yunnan Observatory , Wuhua District , Kunming City , 24.IX.2016, leg. Gui-Chun Liu, Jing-Wu He , Xue-Yan Li (Lg22); 10 ♂ and two ♀, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Xuefu road, Wuhua District , Kunming City , 28.IX.2016, leg. Gui-Chun Liu, Jing-Wu He , Xue-Yan Li (Lg23); Five ♂ and two ♀, Xishan Forest Park , Xishan District , Kunming City , 5.X.2016, leg. Zhi-Wei Dong (Lg24); Six ♂ and one ♀, Maanshan Village , Weishan County, Dali Prefecture, 2014, leg. Local villagers (Lg8); one ♀, Yinghuagu, Chengjiang County , Yuxi City, 13.IX.2014, leg. Xiang-Rong Yuang (Lg5-F); One ♂ and seven larvae, Baiguhe Village , Tongda Township , Huaping County , Lijiang City, 7~ 15.IX.2007, leg. Guo-Jian Liao (Lg13) . Hubei: two larvae, Wuhan City , VI.2004, leg. Shu-Jun Tan (Lg19) .

Distribution. China: Yunnan (Kunming, Chengjiang, Weishan, Huaping), Hubei (Wuhan).

Remarks. We examined all adult male populations in the L. yunnana clade ( Fig. 3 ) and found that they have identical characteristics of both external morphological and male genitalia. The pairwise distance of nucleotide sequences among these populations ranges from 0 to 0.062 ( Table 3). Based on our observation on the Kunming populations, the species can be often observed near villages or even in the gardens of a city centre. Both alate males and larviform females can produce continuous green light from their two spot-like light organs of the ventral side of the 7 (female) or 8 (male) abdominal segment at night and even in a dimmed room during the daytime. Unlike most nocturnal fireflies, adult males can be attracted by both incandescent light and fluorescent light to fly into a lit room at night. Larva also produce green light. It is noted that the type locality of both L. angustior and L. yunnana is Yunnan, but the type specimen of L. angustior could not be located. Therefore, it is unclear whether it is a misidentification by Fairmaire or L. yunnana is in fact a junior synonym of L. angustior ( Jeng et al. 2000) . Lai et al also listed it in the catalogue of Taiwan ( Lai et al. 1998).

Figures

FIGURE 3. The phylogeny of Lamprigera populations inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI). In total, 44 COI sequences from 40 Lamprigera populations in this study, one Lamprigera yunnana (GenBank accession number NC 022472.2), and three Luciolinae species (outgroups) were used to construct phylogenetic trees using Bayesian Inference (BI), Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Neighbour joining (NJ) methods. Brach support values are described as Bayesian Inference (BI)/Maximum Likelihood (ML)/Neighbour joining (NJ) in BI tree. NA: not available. M: male adult; F: female adult; L: larva. For detailed information of populations see Table 1.

FIGURES 94–102. Lamprigera yunnana. 94–96 Habitus of male adult. 94 Dorsal view of male; 95 Ventral view of male; 96 Pronotum of male. 97–99 Male genitalia: 97 Dorsal view; 98 Ventral view; 99 Lateral view. 100 Bioluminescence of female adult. 101 Dorsal view of female adult. 102 Larva of the last instar. Scale bars: 5 mm (94–96, 101–102), 0.5 mm (97–99).