Cambalida deminuta (Simon, 1909)

Haddad, Charles Richard, 2012, A revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Cambalida Simon, 1909 (Araneae, Corinnidae), ZooKeys 234, pp. 67-119 : 82-86

Cambalida deminuta (Simon, 1909) Figs 41, 52, 66-69

Castianeira deminuta Simon, 1909: 367 comb. n.

Type material.

Male lectotype and male paralectotype, here designated, together with 1 male Cambalida fulvipes (Simon, 1896). D.R. CONGO: Fernand Vaz, deposited in MNHN 4109 (examined).

Other material examined.

ANGOLA: Chimporo [17°20'S, 17°17'E], 1♂ (MNHG); Vila Luso [Luene, 11°46'S, 19°55'E], leg. B. Malkin, 24-25.XI.1949, 1♂ (CAS, CASENT 9033128). CAMEROON: Muyuka [04°17'N, 09°24'E], leg. B. Malkin, 24-29.VI.1949, 1♀, together with 1♂ Cambalida fulvipes (Simon, 1896) (CAS, CASENT 9033116). CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Bambari, 04°15'N, 21°54'E, leg. G. Pierrard, II.1969, 1♂ (MRAC 136621). D.R. CONGO: Bas-Congo: Mayombe, Luki Forest Reserve, 05°37'S, 13°05'E, leg. W. Hubau, 18-19.IX.2007 (caught by hand, along trail near guest house), 1♀ (MRAC 222143). Kivu: Butembo, 00°07'N, 29°17'E, leg. M. Lejeune, VI.1971, 1♀ (MRAC 140877); Butembo, Vallée Musosa [00°17'N, 29°45'E], 1745m a.s.l., leg. M. Lejeune, IV.1968, 1♀ (MRAC 134048); Lubero, grotte Ribue Lya Mikako [00°09'S, 29°13'E], 1500m a.s.l., leg. J. Celis & M. Lejeune, 27.XII.1966, 1♀ (MRAC 131337). Tshopo: Kisangani, Forêt de Masako, 00°35'N, 25°11'E, leg. J. Juakaly, 12.VII.2001 (old Hevea plantation), 1♀ (MRAC 212037); Same data, 18.VII.2001, 1♀ (MRAC 211823); Same data, 20.VII.2001, 1♀ (MRAC 211833); Same locality, leg. J.-L. Juakaly, 6.I.2003 (night catch, young fallow), 1♀ (MRAC 214691), 1♀ (MRAC 214700); Same locality, leg. J.-L. Juakaly, 2.VII.2002 (pitfalls, young fallow), 1♂ (MRAC 214346), 1♂ (MRAC 214421), 2♂ (MRAC 214423); Same data, 17.XII.2002, 1♀ (MRAC 214422), 2♂ (MRAC 214424); Same data, 24.IX.2002, 2♂ (MRAC 214577), 2♂ (MRAC 214578), 1♀ (MRAC 214579); Same locality, leg. J.-L. Juakaly, 11.III.2002 (pitfalls, young secondary forest), 1♂ (MRAC 214428), 1♀ (MRAC 214429); Same data, 5.VII.2001, 1♀ (MRAC 212083); Same locality, leg. J. Juakaly, 4.VII.2001 (young fallow), 1♀ (MRAC 211916); Same data, 11.VII.2001, 1♀ (MRAC 212069), 1♂ (MRAC 212094); Same data, 12.VII.2001, 1♂ 2♀ (MRAC 212053); Same data, 18.VII.2001, 2♀ (MRAC 211850); Same data, 20.VII.2001, 2♀ (MRAC 211826), 1♂ (MRAC 211827); Same data, 25.VII.2001, 1♂ 3♀ (MRAC 211803), 1♀ (MRAC 211815); Same data, 26.VII.2001, 1imm. 4♂ 1♀ (MRAC 211788); Same data, 27.VII.2001, 1♀ (MRAC 211841). GABON: Province Estuaire, Pointe Ngombe, Ekwata, 16km 240° WSW Libreville, 5m a.s.l., 00°19'27"N, 09°18'43"E, leg. B.L. Fisher, 27.III.2000 (littoral rainforest, sifted litter), 1♀ (CAS BLF #2294). GUINÉE: F.C. de Ziama, 08°24'N, 09°17'W, leg. D. Flomo, 18.III.2000 (pitfalls, rain forest), 1♀ (MRAC 217954); Same data, 13.IV.1999, 1♀ (MRAC 217953); Same data, 26.IV.1999, 1♀ (MRAC 217956); Same data, 4.VI.1999, 1♀ (MRAC 217957). IVORY COAST: Appouesso, F.C. Bossematié, 06°35'N, 03°28'W, leg. R. Jocqué, 21.XI.1994 (rain forest, grappe 10, near fallen tree), 1♀ (MRAC 201096); Same locality, leg. R. Jocqué & Tanoh, 4.VI.1995 (pitfalls, forest), 1♂ (MRAC 204289); Same data, 18.VI.1995, 1♀ (MRAC 204286); Same data, 2.VII.1995, 1♀ (MRAC 204287); Same data, 30.VII.1995, 1♀ (MRAC 204293); Same locality, Route no. 1, 06°35'N, 03°28'W, leg. R. Jocqué & L. Baert, 19.II.1997 (rain forest, by night, layon 19), 1♀ (MRAC 205436); Bouaké, F.-Foro, 07°41'N, 05°02'W, leg. G. Couturier, 12-14.VIII.1974 ( piège coloré), 1♂ (MRAC 216487); Same data, 19-21.VIII.1974, 1♂ (MRAC 216409); Mankono, Ranch de la Marahoué, 08°27'N, 06°52'W, leg. J. Everts, III.1980 (riverine forest), 1♂ (MRAC 172259). LIBERIA: Bong Range Forest, 06°49'N, 10°17'W, leg. D. Flomo, 8.IV.2005 (pitfalls in rain forest), 1♀ (MRAC 216650). RWANDA: Parc National Akagera, Lake Ihema, pêcherie, 01°55'S, 30°45'E, leg. Jocqué, Nsengimana & Michiels, 14. XI– 8.XII.1985, 1♀ (MRAC 164699); Same locality, 6km S of Lake Ihema, leg. Jocqué, Nsengimana & Michiels, 30. XI– 7.XII.1985 ( Berlèse), 1♀ (MRAC 164807). TOGO: Bassari, 09°15'N, 00°47'W, leg. P. Douben, V–VII.1984 (pitfalls), 1♂ (MRAC 173983). UGANDA: Kanyawara, 00°34'N, 30°21'E, 1600m a.s.l., V. & B. Roth, 30.X.1992, 1♂, together with 3 imm. Castianeira sp. (CAS, CASENT 9033287).

Remarks.

The lectotype is the larger of the two Cambalida deminuta males in the type series. Fernand Vaz is a river in the D.R. Congo and no specific locality is mentioned in the original description or on the label accompanying the types.

Diagnosis.

Females can be recognised by the broad spermathecae, small coiled lateral copulatory openings, and short entrance ducts of the female epigyne (Fig. 66). Males have a characteristically very short and narrow spiralling embolus (Figs 41, 68).

Female

(Mayuka, CASENT 9033116). Measurements: CL 2.05, CW 1.50, AL 2.55, AW 1.71, TL 4.53 (4.25-5.90), FL 0.13, SL 0.96, SW 0.90, AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.02, ALE–ALE 0.30, PME–PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.06, PLE–PLE 0.49, PERW 0.70, MOQAW 0.27, MOQPW 0.40, MOQL 0.38.

Length of leg segments (sequence from femur to tarsus, and total): I 1.52 + 0.63 + 1.30 + 1.25 + 0.90 = 5.60; II 1.40 + 0.60 + 1.09 + 1.13 + 0.78 = 5.00; III 1.28 + 0.57 + 0.95 + 1.19 + 0.61 = 4.60; IV 1.75 + 0.63 + 1.48 + 1.78 + 0.80 = 6.44.

Carapace deep orange-brown, clypeus yellow-brown laterally, eye region slightly darker; black striae radiating from fovea towards palps and leg coxae; surface finely wrinkled, covered in white plumose setae. All eyes with black rings; AER procurved, ALE larger than AME; AME separated by distance slightly larger than ½ their diameter, AME separated from ALE by distance slightly less than ¼ AME diameter; clypeus height slightly less than 1⅓ AME diameter; PER procurved, PME very slightly smaller than PLE; PME separated by distance slightly less than ¾ their diameter, PME separated from PLE by distance slightly larger than ⅓ PME diameter; CW:PERW = 2.14:1. Chelicerae yellow-orange with black mottling on anterior surface, yellow along prolateral distal margin; three teeth on promargin, median tooth largest, proximal tooth smallest, distal tooth closer to median tooth than proximal tooth; two closely separated subequal teeth on retromargin, closer to fang base than promarginal teeth; endites yellow with black mottling, cream prolaterally; labium pale orange-brown with faint black mottling, cream distally; sternum orange with brown mottling, except at setal bases, giving speckled appearance. Legs finely granulate; femora I–IV dark brown, with paler dorsal line and pale retrolateral patch, extending to distal end ventrally; all femora yellow at distal end, also proximally on femora III and IV; patellae I–IV yellow with black mottling laterally; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi I–III yellow with faint lateral black mottling; tibiae IV brown, yellow proximally and distally, with faint paired dorsal lines; metatarsi IV brown, yellow proximally and distally; tarsi IV yellow. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1 do 3, II do 3, III pl 1 do 3 rl 1, IV pl 1 do 3 rl 1; patellae with do 1 long distal seta; tibiae: I plv 1 rlv 1, II rlv 1, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 vt 2, IV pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 1 rlv 1 vt 3, IV pl 3-4 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 1 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora do 2, patellae pl 1 do 1, tibiae pl 1 do 1 plv 1, tarsi pl 1 plv 3 rlv 1. Abdomen mottled dark grey dorsally; dorsal scutum orange-brown with black mottling, extending ¼ abdomen length; venter mottled pale grey, epigastric sclerite orange-brown, inframamillary sclerite yellow-brown. Epigyne with tiny lateral copulatory openings situated within small comma-shaped epigynal ridges (Fig. 66); copulatory ducts short and very narrow, curving obliquely, entering ST II posterolaterally; ST II large and oval, joined broadly to compact, broad, kidney-shaped posterior ST I (Fig. 67).

Male

(lectotype, Fernand Vaz, MNHN 4109). Measurements: CL 2.34, CW 1.68, AL 2.55, AW 1.55, TL 4.95 (TL 4.00-5.45), FL 0.23, SL 1.10, SW 1.03, AME–AME 0.09, AME–ALE 0.02, ALE–ALE 0.35, PME–PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.07, PLE–PLE 0.50, PERW 0.77, MOQAW 0.34, MOQPW 0.47, MOQL 0.46.

Length of leg segments (sequence from femur to tarsus, and total): I 1.80 + 0.70 + 1.65 + 1.60 + 1.05 = 6.80; II 1.60 + 0.63 + 1.36 + 1.35 + 0.85 = 5.79; III 1.35 + 0.70 + 1.02 + 1.00 + 0.73 = 4.80; IV 2.20 + 0.75 + 1.95 + 2.35 + 1.00 = 8.25.

Carapace deep orange-brown with black mottling, clypeus slightly paler, eye region black; black striae radiating from fovea towards palps and leg coxae; surface finely wrinkled, densely covered in white plumose setae. All eyes with black rings; AER procurved, ALE much larger than AME; AME separated by distance slightly less than ⅔ their diameter, AME separated from ALE by distance slightly less than 1∕5 AME diameter; clypeus height slightly less than 1⅓ AME diameter; PER procurved, PLE slightly larger than PME; PME separated by distance equal to ¾ their diameter, PME separated from PLE by distance slightly less than 2∕5 PME diameter; CW:PERW = 2.18:1. Chelicerae orange-brown with faint black mottling on anterior surface, yellow-orange along prolateral distal margin; three teeth on promargin, median tooth largest, proximal and distal tooth smaller, subequal in size; distal tooth situated closest to median tooth; two slightly separated subequal teeth on retromargin, closer to fang base than promarginal teeth; endites yellow-brown, cream prolaterally; labium pale orange-brown proximally, cream distally; sternum pale orange-brown with black mottling. Legs finely granulate; femora I brown, yellow at distal end; femora II–IV brown in distal half, yellow-brown proximally and dorsally at distal end; patellae I–IV yellow with black mottling laterally, fused to faint black ring at distal end; tibiae I–III yellow dorsally and ventrally with faint black mottling laterally; tibiae IV brown, yellow at distal end; metatarsi I–IV yellow with faint black mottling in distal half; tarsi I–IV yellow. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1 do 3, II pl 1 do 3, III pl 2 do 3 rl 1, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae with do 1 long distal seta; tibiae: I plv 1 rlv 1, II rlv 1, III pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 vt 2, IV pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 1 rlv 1 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora pl 1 do 2, patellae pl 1, tibiae pl 1 plv 1, tarsi pl 1 plv 2. Abdomen with red-brown dorsal scutum with dense black mottling, nearly covering entire dorsum, with small white spot of dense plumose setae just above spinnerets; sides of abdomen mottled dark grey; venter mottled pale grey, epigastric sclerite, post-epigastric sclerites and ventral sclerite red-brown, inframamillary sclerite yellow-brown. Palps yellow-brown with faint black mottling; embolus very short, with one and a quarter narrow coils, tip directed distally (Figs 52, 68, 69).

Distribution.

Widespread in central and western Africa (Fig. 79).

Biology.

This species has been collected from a variety of tropical forest types, mainly by pitfall trapping, litter sifting and by hand.