Schizophyllum radiatum Fr.

Carreño-Ruiz, Santa D., Ávalos Lázaro, Abisag A., García, Silvia Cappello, Hernández, Rigoberto Gaitán, Chen, Jie, Guillén Navarro, Griselda K., García Fajardo, Luz V., Jiménez Pérez, Nelly Del C., Cruz, Magdiel Torres De La, Blanco, Joaquín Cifuentes & Cappello, Renato E., 2019, New record of Schizophyllum (Schizophyllaceae) from Mexico and the confirmation of its edibility in the humid tropics, Phytotaxa 413 (2), pp. 137-148 : 141-142

Schizophyllum radiatum Fr. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis (1851: 41)

Description:—Pileus 3–45 mm wide and 5–48 mm long, flabelliform, semicircular or spatulate, sessile or semistipitate;

margin smooth, digitate or ragged, slightly rolled toward the hymenium ( Figure 3A ); pellicle 70 μm thickness; white

(N 00 M 00 C 00), grayish white (N 20 A 00 M 00), or white with zones of light gray (A 20 M 20 C 30), dark gray (N 70 C 00 A 00), or brown (N 50 A 80 M 50); context of 113 to 384 μm thick ( Figure 3B ). Hymenium of split gills, 449 to 780 μm in length; yellow (N 10 A 30 M 30), light brown (N 50 A 99 M 50), grayish white (A 30 M 10 C 20), or golden brown (N 30 A 50 M 20); abhymenial hairs simple, 3.2–4 μm diam., either a) hyaline with crystalline granules at the apex ( Figure 3C ) or b) hyaline, smooth, and wavy near the apex ( Figure 3D ), separated from the surface opposite to the gills; basidia 19–20 × 3–3.6 μm, claviform or narrow claviform; spores 4.3–6 × 2–3 μm, hyaline, cylindrical, obliquely apiculate.

Habitat and distribution:—Solitary or gregarious in large groups, saprotrophic. This species has been reported on wood of Magnolia mexicana , Persea americana ( Linder 1933) , and Gossypium arboreum ( Farr & Rossman 2017) . In the present study, it was also found on fallen wood of Ficus benjamina, Ormosia macrocalix, and Gliricidia sepium . In Tabasco, it is distributed in the municipalities of Centro, Cárdenas, Huimanguillo, Jalpa, Macuspana, Paraíso, Tacotalpa, and Tenosique. In Mexico, it is a new record. Worldwide, it has been reported in the United States ( Farr & Rossman 2017) and in tropical regions of the American continent, including Bolivia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, French Guiana, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, and Suriname ( Linder 1933).

Examined material:— Mexico. Tabasco: Cárdenas, Heroica Cárdenas , elev. 15 m, GPS 17° 59’ N 93° 20’ W, 09 September 2008, Mondragón-Sánchez 1 ; Centro, Jardín Botánico José Narciso Rovirosa , elev. 10 m, GPS 17° 59’ N, 92°58’ W, 27 October 2000, García-Arellano 1 ; 20 May 2004, Cappello-García 3127; 30 September 2005, Juárez 1; 21 October 2015, Carreño-Ruiz 501; 29 September 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 643; 01 July 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 635, 637; 22 September 2016, García 3; 03 September 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 639; 17 November 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 663, 664; Paseo Tabasco Villahermosa , elev. 10 m, GPS 18° 00’ N, 92° 50’ W, 13 September 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 638 ; Villa Luis Gil Pérez , elev. 10 m, GPS 17° 52’ N, 93° 04’ W, 29 September 2010, Montecinos 2 ; Ranchería Medellín y Madero 1a Secc. , elev. 10 m, GPS 18.1176 N, 92.8347 W, 08 February 2005, Contreras-Godoy 1 ; Tamulte de las sabanas, elev. 10 m, GPS 18° 16’ N, 92° 78’ W, 21 September 2009, Gerónimo-Valencia 4 ; Parque Museo La venta, elev. 15 m, GPS 18° 00’ N, 92° 50’, 11 November 1997, López-Bonilla 32 ; 07 October 2018, Carreño-Ruiz 709; Comalcalco, Rancheria Centro Tular 2a secc., elev. 10 m, GPS 18° 19’ N, 93° 23, 07 March 1999, Izquierdo-Pérez 1 ; Huimanguillo, Agua Selva , elev. 1000 m, GPS 17° 34’ N, 93° 59’ W, 5 September 1999, Cappello 915 ; Malpasito , elev. 411 m, GPS 17.345833 N, 93.591389 W, 23 September 2005, López-González 01 ; Jalapa, Ranchería Víctor Fernández Manero 1 secc, elev. 10 m, GPS 17 ° 85’ N, 92° 81’ W, 17 September 2005, Lucio 3 ; 19 May 2004, Camacho 19; Macuspana, Parque Estatal Agua Blanca , elev. 100 m, GPS 17 °, 52’ N, 92° 29’ W, 28 October 2011, Gómez-García 82 ; 28 February 2012; Morales-López 173; 27 September 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 644; 09 August 2006, Bautista-Lorenzo 3; 28 February 2012, Mondragón-Sánchez 49; 11 July 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 117, 120; 11 March 2011, Fajardo 75; 28 February 2012, Mondragón 99; 23 March 2007, Bolivar 3; 14 March 2005, Díaz-Contreras 556; Carretera Apasco-Chivalito , elev. 100 m, GPS 17° 37’ N, 92° 26’ W, 04 July 2011, Ruiz-Villareal 16 ; Paraíso, Puerto Ceiba , elev. 10 m, GPS 18° 41’ N, 93° 18’ W, 04 November 2004, López-Pérez 1 ; Tacotalpa, Poblado Pomoquita , elev. 9 m, GPS 17°22´N 92°43´44 W, 22 October 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 557, 660, 659, 665, 656, 653, 654 ; Ejido Agua Blanca Sierra Tapijulapa , elev. 20 m, GPS 17° 48’ N, 92° 62’ W, 29 March 2003, Díaz-Contreras 280 ; 15 March 2003, Díaz-Contreras 283; 30 August 2003, Díaz-Contreras 186; 14 March 2003, Díaz-Contreras 57; Ejido Yajaloh Rio Seco Sierra Tapijulapa , elev. 50 m, GPS 17° 27’ N, 92°43’ W, 28 July 2003, Díaz-Contreras 130 ; 31 August 2003, Díaz-Contreras 180; Lomas Alegres Sierra Poana , elev. 54 m, GPS 17° 35’ N, 92° 47’ W, 31 August 2003, Díaz-Contreras 197 ; Villa Luz , elev. 120 m, GPS 17° 26’ N, 92° 45’ W, 23 August 2015, Carreño-Ruiz 507, 508, 509 ; Teapa, Mercado Diana Córdova de Balboa , elev. 100 m, GPS 17° 33’ N, 93° 57’ W, 02 March 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 619 ; Sierra Madrigal , elev. 325 m, GPS 17° 30’ N, 92° 49’ W, 24 August 2003, Díaz-Contreras 60 ; 7 June 2003, Díaz-Contreras 268; Puyacatengo Cruce Chapingo , elev. 800 m, GPS 17º 37’ N, 92º 52’ W, 04 March 2015, Díaz-Contreras 532 ; 02 March 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 618; Tenosique, Rancho Tigre , elev. 50 m, GPS 17º 26’ N, 91º 08 W, 27 May 1988, Hernández-Trejo 30 ; Estapilla , elev. 20 m, GPS 17° 54’ N, 91° 40’ W, 29 June 2006, Hernández-Sánchez 1 ; 21 June 2006, Hernández-Sánchez 5; Ranchería Santo Tomas Arroyo , elev. 20 m, GPS 17° 17’ N, 91° 20’ W, 04 December 1987, Aguilar-Cruz 1 ( UJAT Herbarium) .

Notes:—At the macroscopic level, this species can be distinguished by the surface of the pileus, which has concentric color patterns of white to dark gray and mainly white spores. In addition, it has a typical fruity aroma that contrasts with the aroma of other species in this genus. It can be confused with S. commune . However, S. radiatum has two types of abhymenial hairs: The first, which are very similar to S. commune , are incrusted with crystalline granules yet are located at the apex. The second are simple and wavy or wavy at the apex. Both types separated from the surface opposite to the gills.

Figures

FIGURE 3. A) Pileus with a zonate appearance, B) context, C) abhymenial hairs with crystalline granules at the apex, and D) smooth abhymenial hairs of Schizophyllum radiatum. Photography by A. A. Ávalos-Lázaro.