Hydromanicus Brauer

Oláh, J. & Johanson, K. A., 2008, Generic review of Hydropsychinae, with description of Schmidopsyche, new genus, 3 new genus clusters, 8 new species groups, 4 new species clades, 12 new species clusters and 62 new species from the Oriental and Afrotropical regions (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), Zootaxa 1802, pp. 1-248 : 14-15

Hydromanicus Brauer

Hydromanicus Brauer, 1865: 420 . Type species: Hydromanicus irroratus Brauer, 1865: 420 (monobasic).

Hydatomanicus Ulmer, 1951 , new synonym. Hydatopsyche Ulmer, 1926 , new synonym.

Type locality. Indonesia (Java) .

Many of the Hydromanicus species are medium-sized, often dark animals with various levels of brown reticulation, maculations or patch patterns in the forewing. They are restricted to the Oriental Region. One species, Hydromanicus feminalis (Martynov) , was described from the East Palaearctic (Ussuriland), and collected again by János Oláh from North Vietnam. This is the only species in the Hydromanicus spatulatus species group having well developed setal warts, a character which is present also in all other hydropsychines, except in the Hydromanicus verrucosus species group. The most elongated preanal appendages of the hydropsychids are present in species in this genus. This character is accompanied by 5 other characters: (2) proepisternal setal wart present; (3) distance between forewing crossveins m-cu and cu long; (5) hind wing crossvein m-cu present and clearly visible; (6) spur formula 244; and (7) hind wing forks 1235 present. The group has apparently only one dereived character, being (4) the open median cell in the hind wing. A pair of unique, foliose lobes are present on the upper half of segment X in the female genitalia in Hydromanicus fallax Mey , a characteristic not yet detected in the genitalia of any other species within Hydropsychidae . These setose lobes looks exactly like preanal appendages.

The species also lack a small setose wart on each proepisterna, except in Hydromanicus feminalis in the Hydromanicus spatulatus species group. The species of the Hydromanicus verrucosus species group have well developed and densely setose proepisternal warts. The Hydromanicus is characterised by having crossvein m-cu in the forewing located far from crossvein cu. In Hydromanicus jacobsoni Ulmer , and Hydromanicus malayanus Banks these crossveins are tangential, or are at least located closely.

Among the secondary generic characters the confluence of Cu2 and A 1 in the forewing, before or at pos- terior wing margin, is a very unstable character, varying even between closely related species. In most of the species these veins reach wing margin well separated, and in the rest of the species the veins are confluent at wing margin, and never before wing margin as in the Potamyia species. Among other secondary generic characters, the pretarsal claw symmetry vary, like in the 4 species in the Hydromanicus spatulatus species cluster in the Hydromanicus spatulatus species group. Two species, Hydromanicus topali , new species and Hydromanicus naraik , new species, have symmetric pretarsal claws on all legs, while Hydromanicus palnis has clearly asymmetric claws on all legs, which also involve a laterally flanked setal bundle. The claw symmetry in Hydromanicus spatulatus Martynov is not known.

In the original description Hydatomanicus was distinguished from Hydromanicus only by length ratio of the maxillary palp segments, and in having the crossvein r intersecting R 2 distally of Dc. These 2 characters are highly variable secondary generic characters. The preanal appendages are reduced in size and lobe-like. Hydatomanicus species have identical primary generic characters, and a phallic apparatus similar to species of the Hydromanicus verrucosus , new species group.

In the original description Hydatopsyche was distinguished from Hydromanicus by 3 secondary generic characters: a shorter maxillary palp; a different length ratio of the maxillary palp segments; and a setal bundle on the leg claws, all highly variable characters. The primary generic characters, and the similar phallic apparatus, relate this genus to the Hydromanicus spatulatus , new species group.