Begonia aptera Blume (1827: 97)

Thomas, Daniel C. & Ardi, Wisnu H., 2020, Synopsis of Begonia (Begoniaceae) of southwest Sulawesi and the Selayar Islands, Indonesia, including one new species, Phytotaxa 437 (2), pp. 73-96 : 76

1. Begonia aptera Blume (1827: 97)

Sect. Platycentrum

≡ Diploclinium apterum (Blume) Miquel (1856: 691)

Type:— INDONESIA. Sulawesi: Tondano, s.coll., s.n. (lectotype L! [Herb. Ludg. Bat. 898194-39], designated by Hughes [2008]).

= Begonia cristata Warburg ex Smith & Wasshausen (1983: 442)

Type:— INDONESIA. Sulawesi, North Sulawesi: Minahasa, Tomohon, April 1984, K.F. & P.B. Sarasin 288 (lectotype K!, designated by Smith & Wasshausen [1983]).

= Begonia renifolia Imscher (1913: 379)

Type:— INDONESIA. Sulawesi, North Sulawesi: Minahasa, Bojong, N. Wallich 15188 (holotype B!).

= Begonia aptera subsp. hirtissima Girm. & D.C.Thomas in Girmansyah et al. (2009: 72)

Type:— INDONESIA. Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi: Kolaka Regency, Ranteangin District, Tinukari Village, Mt. Mekongga, 21 March 2006, D. Girmansyah 654 (holotype BO!, isotypes E!, L, K!, US).

Additional literature:— Tebbit (2003: 24) [as B. cristata , but emphasizing likely conspecificity with B. aptera ; drawing, distribution map]; Hughes (2008: 17) [synonymy]; Ardi et al. (2018: 28) [synonymy, photo plate, distribution map SE Sulawesi]; Hughes et al. (2018: 14) [photo plate].

Distribution:— Indonesia; Sulawesi, Moluccas and W New Guinea (Yapen Island) ( Fig. 1A ).

Habitat:— Primary to severely disturbed lowland to montane forests at 140–2200 m elevation.

Provisional IUCN conservation assessment:— Least Concern (LC) (Ardi et al. 2018).

Notes:— Begonia aptera shows a wide ecological amplitude (elevational range, degree of forest disturbance tolerated) and is the most widespread Begonia species on Sulawesi. It can be found in primary to strongly disturbed lowland to montane forests. Despite considerable collection efforts in the region, it has not been reported south of the Latimojong Mountain Range on the southwestern arm of Sulawesi ( Fig. 1A ).

For a discussion of morphological variability and proposed segregates of Begonia aptera , see Ardi & Thomas (2018).

Additional specimens examined:— INDONESIA. Sulawesi. Province unknown: Apr. 1894, K.F. & P.B. Sarasin 288 (K) ; 16 June 1894, K.F. & P.B. Sarasin 488 (B[2]); Todjambor , 21 Mar. 1929, G. Kjellberg 1701 ( BO) ; Forst s.n. ( BO) ; unknown 1721 (L). North Sulawesi: Minahassa, Bojong, 1888, O. Warburg 15187 (B[2]) ; Goeroepahi , 27 Mar. 1917, Kauderns 61 (L) ; Manado, Tonsealama , 13 Dec. 1932, C.A. Wisse 78 ( BO) ; Minahassa, Tomohon , 6 June 1954, A.H.G. Alston 15679 (A, BM, L) ; Tomohon, Gunung Masarang , 22 June 1956, L.L. Forman 207 (K) ; Mt. Klabat , 27 June 1956, L.L. Forman 248 (K, L, P) ; Minahassa, Gunung Lokon , 4 July 1956, L.L. Forman 371 (K, L) ; Minahassa, Mt. Soputan , 11 Oct. 1973, E.F. de Vogel 2503 (L) ; Bolaang-Mongondow Distr., Dumoga Bone National Park, Gunung Mogogonipa , 6 Apr. 1985, E.F. de Vogel & J.J. Vermeulen 7020 (L) ; Nr. Pangi , 7 Mar. 1990, J.S. Burley et al. 3717 (K, L) ; Bolaang-Mongondow Distr., Dumoga Bone National Park , 6 Jan. 1996, M. Kato et al. 382 (A) ; G. Potong , 28 Feb. 2001, P.J.A. Kessler 2951 (L) ; Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, Mauk Malotong , 21 May 2002, T. Uji 4537 ( BO) ; Mt. Tomohon , 17 Mar. 2006, S. Sunarti SSS 06-010 ( BO) ; Mt. Tomohon , 17 Mar. 2006, S. Sunarti SSS 06-022 ( BO) ; Gunung Masarang , 20 Feb. 2008, M. Ardiyani et al. 104 ( BO, E) ; Mt. Manimporok, east of Mt. Soputan , 8 Feb. 2009, D. Girmansyah 1103 ( BO) ; Mt.Mahawu, Rurukan village , 15 Feb. 2009, D. Girmansyah 1233 ( BO) ; Lokon valley, Kayawu Village, Tomohon Subdist. , 17 Feb. 2009, D. Girmansyah 1269 ( BO) ; Bolaang Mongondow, Kasingolan river, on path to Gunung Poniki , 30 Oct. 2016, Barber et al. BAAK 19 ( BO, E) ; Bolaang Mongondow, Gunung Ambang Nature Reserve, Paya Paya , near Sinsingon village , 2 Nov. 2016, Barber et al. BAAK 34 ( BO, E) ; Bolaang Mongondow, Gunung Ambang Nature Reserve, Paya Paya , near Sinsingon village , 2 Nov. 2016, Barber et al. BAAK 35 ( BO, E) ; South Minahasa, roadside near Mokobang village , 5 Nov. 2016, Barber et al. BAAK 80 ( BO, E) ; Gunung Klabat , 30 Jan. 2019, W.H. Ardi 387 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; Kali Waterfall, Manado , 382, 31 Jan. 2019, W.H. Ardi 392 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; Gunung Masarang, Tomohon , 2 Feb. 2019 ; W.H. Ardi 397 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; Minahassa, S.H. Koorders 16244B (L); Minahassa, S.H. Koorders 16245B (B, L); Minahassa, S.H. Koorders 16246B (B). Gorontalo: Olama River , 9 Mar. 2002, M. Mendum et al. 49 (A, E, L) ; Gunung Boliohutu , 23 Mar. 2002, M. Mendum et al. 186 (E) .

Central Sulawesi: Todjamboe , 23 June 1929, G.K. Kjellberg 1750 (B) ; Loewoek Distr., Mt. Loloa-Mt. Beabis , 27 Sep. 1938, P.J. Eyma 3839 ( BO, L) ; Menado, G. Ngilalaki , 11 July 1939, S. Bloembergen 4125 (L) ; Menado, Kampong Sidaoenta , 13 July 1939, S. Bloembergen 4224 ( BO) ; Palu-Parigi , 17 Apr. 1975, W. Meijer 9329 ( BO, L) ; Sopu Valley , 24 Mar. 1979, E. Hennipman 5588 (A, BO, K, L) ; Sopu Valley , 2 May 1979, E.F de Vogel 5174 (L) ; Sopu Valley , 26 May 1979, E. Hennipman 5633 ( BO, K, L) ; E of Tongoa , 24 Feb. 1981, H. Johansson et al. 58 (L) ; Tongoa , 25 Feb. 1981, Johansson 76 (K, L) ; Bukit Dako, Lakatan Distr., Toli-toli , 25 Feb. 1985, Ramlanto, Z, Fanani 527 ( BO, L) ; Mt. Sojol , 25 Feb. 2000, G.C.G. Argent et al. 151 (E) ; G. Potong , 28 Feb. 2001, P.J.A. Kessler 2951 (L) ; Palolo, Kamarora , 15 Mar. 2001, P.J.A. Kessler 3025 (L) ; Luwuk District, Bunta Subdistrict, Sumber Agung , Gunung Hek , 25 Feb. 2004, Hendrian et al. 884 (E) ; Bunta sub-distr., Sungai Hek, Cabang Tiga , 27 Feb. 2004, Hendrian et al. 939 (E, L) ; Lore Londu National Park, Ponoh , 3 km NE of Toro Village, 6 Dec. 2007, D. Cicuzza 464 (E) ; Takolekayu , 14 Jan. 2008, M. Ardiyani et al. 152 ( BO, E) ; Lore Londu National Park, Mt Nokilalaki , 6 March 2008, D. Cicuzza 794 (E) ; Luwuk district, Hanga-hanga waterfall, 8 Apr. 2008, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT 08-22 ( BO, E) ; Luwuk district , G. Hek, 9 Apr. 2008, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT 08-27 ( BO, E) ; Lore Londu National Park, Ponoh , 3 km NE of Toro Village, 10 Apr. 2008, D. Cicuzza 1036 (E) ; Luwuk District, Bunta, Sumber Agung village , Mt. Hek , 10 Apr. 2008, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT 08- 31 ( BO, E) ; Luwuk District, Mt. Hek , 10 Apr. 2008, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT 08-36 ( BO, E) ; Mt. Lumut , 10 Apr. 2008, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT 08-54 ( BO, E) ; Mt. Lumut , 21 Apr. 2008, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT 08-55 ( BO, E) ; Mt. Lumut , 21 Apr. 2008, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT 08-57 ( BO, E) ; Mt. Lumut , 23 Apr. 2008, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT 08-59 ( BO, E) ; Watusongu village, Mt. Katopas , 6 May 2008, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT 08-66 ( BO, E) ; Watusongu village, Mt. Katopas , 11 May 2008, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi DCT 08-73 ( BO, E) ; road to Lumbi-lumbia waterfall, South Bulagi, Banggai Island ( Bangkep ), 20 Sep. 2014, D. Girmansyah 2602 ( BO) ; Uwe lutu, CA. Pangi Binangga , 20 July 2018, W.H. Ardi 214 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; M. Nokilalaki , shelter 1, 24 July 2018, W.H. Ardi 217 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; M. Nokilalaki , track to shelter 2, 24 July 2018, W.H. Ardi 218 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; road to Kulawi , 29 July 2018, W.H. Ardi 239 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; road Kulawi to Lindu , 29 July 2018, W.H. Ardi 246 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; Saluopa waterfall, 31 July 2018, W.H. Ardi 254 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; Tentena-Bada road, 1 Aug. 2018, W.H. Ardi 267 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; Tentena-Bada road, 1 Aug. 2018, W.H. Ardi 273 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; Pendolo , 2 Aug. 2018, W.H. Ardi 283 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; Gunung Mad, Pegunungan Biru, Poso-Napu Road Divided , 3 Aug. 2018, W.H. Ardi 293 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; Lore Lindu NP, Tamping Lake vicinity, 4 Aug. 2018, W.H. Ardi 303 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; Sojol foothill, 7 Aug. 2018, W.H. Ardi 305 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; Gunung Sidole , 26 Dec. 2018, E. Damayanti et al. ED 11 ( CEB) ; Laumarang Waterfall, Luwuk , 9 Feb. 2019, W.H. Ardi 414 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; Batu Tikar Waterfall, Luwuk , 9 Feb. 2019, W.H. Ardi 417 ( BO, KRB, SING) ; Lonsi Waterfall, Taloyon, Pagimana , 14 Feb. 2019, W.H. Ardi 426 ( BO, KRB, SING). West Sulawesi: Mamasa-Tabang , Polewali , 21June 1974, S. Yoshida 1236 ( BO) ; G. Mambulinin , 11 May 2009, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi 09-126 ; Sulawesi Barat, 13 May 2009, D.C. Thomas & W.H.Ardi 09-130 ; Gunung Gandang Dewata, Tetean Waterfall , 21Apr.2016, Kartonegoro et al. ARK 929 ( BO) ; Gunung Gandang Dewata, Tetean Waterfall, 21 April 2016, Kartonegoro et al. ARK 939 ( BO). South Sulawesi: Pasoei , 9 June 1929, G.K. Kjellberg 1627 (B) ; Maboesa-Sae , 21 Mar. 1937, P.J. Eyma 1188 ( BO) ; Masamba , 4 Aug. 1937, P.J. Eyma 1550 ( BO) ; Masamba , 4 Aug. 1937, P.J. Eyma 1551 ( BO) ; Faruhumpenai. Toromu village, Luwu Regency , 16 Feb. 1986, Wardi 004 ( BO) ; G. Rantemario, 7 Nov. 1993, S. Kofman 210 (L); Pantawanan, Eran Batu, Baraka district , 29 Aug. 1994, D. Girmansyah 014 ( BO) ; Mt. Pasaparan, Mts. Latimojong , 27 Oct. 1994, T. Uji & M. Amir 2506 ( BO) ; stream about 60 km from Mamasa to Polewali road, 3 Aug. 1998, W.S. Hoover & H. Wiriadinata 887 ( BO) ; S. Sulawesi Prov., stream about 25 km from Palopo to Rantepao Road , 3 Dec. 1998, W.S. Hoover & H. Wiriadinata 892 ( BO) ; road between Wotu and Lake Poso , 20 Feb. 2000, G. Argent et al. 116 (E) ; Enrekang District, Rantemario , 5 Mar. 2000, G.C.G. Argent et al. 238 (E) ; Buntu Area, Kpg Lokkok , 15 Sep. 2003, J.J. Vermeulen 2300 (L) ; Tanah Toraja, Rantepoa-Palopo divide, 2 Feb. 2004, J.J. Vermeulen 2409 (L) ; Mangkutana- Pendolo divide, 3 Feb. 2004, J.J. Vermeulen 2524 (L) ; Mt. Pondunaah , 2.5 km west Wutamole, 13 May 2008, D. Girmansyah Deden 880 ( BO) ; Mt. Lasumowo, 9 km SE of Orodopi Vilage, Dist. Mowewe , 24 May 2008, D. Girmansyah Deden 1037 ( BO) ; Gunung Rantemario , 27 Apr. 2009, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi 09-95 ; Gunung Rantemario , 27 Apr. 2009, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi 09-99 ; Tanah Toraja, Rantepao-Palopo divide, road Rantepao-Palopo , 30 Apr. 2009, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi 09-103 ; Mankutana-Pendolo divide, 3 May 2009, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi 09-109 ; Mankutana-Pendolo divide, 3 May 2009, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi 09-118 ; Mankutana-Pendolo divide, 3 May 2009, D.C. Thomas & W.H. Ardi 09-119. Southeast Sulawesi: Mt. Watoewila , 25 Mar. 1929, G.K. Kjellberg 1032 ( BO) ; North Kolaka , 17 Mar. 2006, H. Wiriadinata et al. 12976 ( BO) ; Kolaka Utara , along logging road between km 14 and km 17, 17 Mar. 2006, H. Wiriadinata et al., Deden 573 ( BO) ; Kolaka Utara , along logging road between km 17 and pos 4, 18 Mar. 2006, H. Wiriadinata et al., Deden 575 ( BO) ; Kolaka, Kec. Uluiwoi, Ds. Ahiluhu, Marmer Cave , 17 Mar. 2006, H. Wiriadinata et al., Deden 746 ( BO) ; Mt. Sophura, Wutamole District , 12 May 2008, D. Girmansyah Deden 859 ( BO, K) ; Mt. Pondunaah, Wutamole District , 13 May 2008, D. Girmansyah Deden 880 ( BO, K) ; Mt Pondunaa, Watuwila , 12 May 2008, A.R. Kartonegoro ARK 231 ( BO) ; Kendari-Kolaka , 23 May 2008, A.R. Kertonegoro ARK 253 ( BO) ; Mt. Lasumowo, Mowewe District , 24 May 2008, D. Girmansyah Deden 1037 ( BO, K) ; Bite forest, Lalingato, Tirawuta Subdistrict , Kolaka , 17 July 2008 ; A. Hidayat AH 3677 ( BO, K) ; Bite forest, Lalingato, Tirawuta District , Kolaka , 17 July 2008, A. Hidayat AH 3678 ( BO, K) ; North Kolaka, Rante Angin, Tinukari Village , 20 Dec. 2009, E.A. Widjaja & Agus Suyadi EAW 8919 ( BO) ; North Kolaka, Rante Angin, Tinukari Village , 7 Aug. 2009, A. Hidayat et al. 4186 ( BO) ; North Kolaka, Rante Angin, Tinukari Village , 10 Aug. 2009, A. Hidayat et al. 4285 ( BO) ; North Kolaka, Wawo Subdistrict, Tinukari village , 3 Aug. 2009, D. Potter et al. 090803-15 ( BO) ; North Kolaka, Rante Angin, Tinukari Village , 29 June 2010, E.A. Widjaja & Agus Suyadi EAW 9058 ( BO) ; North Kolaka, Rante Angin, Tinukari Village , 30 June 2011, E.A. Widjaja et al. EAW 9721 ( BO) ; Wawatobi-Lasolo road divide, 12 Feb. 2017, W.H. Ardi WI 151 ( BO, KRB, SING) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution maps of Begonia species occurring on the southwestern arm of Sulawesi or the Selayar Islands (georeferenced specimen data from major collections [B, BO, E, K, KRB, L, SING], the Begonia Resource Center [Hughes et al. 2015a], as well as some additional confirmed observations). Grey lines indicate 1° graticules.