Alcidodes hoplomachus Lyal, 2000

Lyal, C. H. C. & Curran, L. M., 2000, Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae, Journal of Natural History 34 (9), pp. 1743-1847 : 1788-1792

Alcidodes hoplomachus Lyal , n.sp.

Alcidodes hoplomachus Heller, 1917 : Stett. Ent. Zeit. 78: 224. (Unavailable name; published as junior synynym of A. crassus Pascoe ).

Alcidodes crassus Pascoe (part) Haaf, 1961e: 484 ±5; (part) Haaf, 1964: 37.

Length 8.6±15 mm (xÅ5 12 mm), PW 5 4.1±6.4 mm (xÅ5 5.49 mm), HW 5 5.1±8.5 mm (xÅ5 7.06 mm) (n 5 98) (®gures 22, 54, 74).

Head. Rostrum not greatly curved, much longer in female (RL 5 5.75±9.40 mm, xÅ5 7.86 mm; RL/PW5 1.23±1.54, xÅ5 1.39; RB/RD 5 0.57±0.80, xÅ5 0.66; n 5 56) (®gure 186) than in male (RL 5 4.0± 6.9 mm, xÅ5 5.4 mm; RL/PW5 0.86±1.13, xÅ5 1.02; RB/RD 5 0.75±1.12, xÅ5 0.91; n 5 42) (®gure 187).

Thorax. Sides of thorax in dorsal view sloping slightly less weakly than those of A. crassus (®gures 22, 54); PL/PW, m, 0.70±0.85 (xÅ5 0.79, n 5 56),, l0.68±0.80 (xÅ5 0.75, n 5 42); prothorax with tooth posterior to coxa (®gure 11). Elytra with interstriae smooth or weakly wrinkled proximally, strial punctures relatively deep, at least as wide as interstriae, humeri with interstria 9 sometimes projecting beyond 8 in dorsal view, although generally obscured by 8 just posterior to humerus (®gure 40); EL/HW, m, 1.13±1.28 (xÅ5 01.20, n 5 56),, l1.16±1.30 (xÅ5 1.22, n 5 42). Elytra with pigmentation and scale cover uniform, although scales sometimes denser towards posterior than elsewhere on elytron. Fore femur with ventral tooth subtriangular, lacking proximal lobe, proximal margin at c.90ss to long axis of femur and almost invariably shorter than length of tooth, distal margin dentate or serrate (®gures 127, 128, 149, 150); all tibiae with small ventral tooth. Metasternum strongly produced posteroventrally before hind coxae, its ventral margin strongly diverging from elytral margin.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with two caudal setal tufts generally raised on more or less weak prominences in both male and female, those of male larger than those of female; ventrite sometimes weakly depressed medially (®gure 94), that of female often depressed postero-laterall y (®gure 95).

Male terminalia. Tergite 7 as in ®gure 234; short row of plectral tubercles on each side of midline. Genitalia as in ®gures 235±240. Tegmen with parameres fused at base (®gure 236). Aedeagus with apex rounded or weakly acuminate, sides subparallel, sometimes weakly concave, sclerotization extending onto dorsal surface only slightly (®gure 238), AL:AW5 4.14±5.56 (xÅ5 4.56, n 5 12), distance from ostium to apex less than width of ostium (®gure 239).

8, ventral; (269) tegmen, dorsal; (270) tegmen, lateral; (271) aedeagus, dorsal; (272)

aedeagal apex, dorsal; (273) aedeagus, lateral. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (268±273) to same

scale; (267) smaller scale.

Female terminalia. (®gures 241±245) Tergite 7 with 1±4 weak plectral tubercles on each side of midline (®gure 241). Tergite 8 with rounded posterior margin, weakly sclerotized anteriorly (®gure 242). Spermatheca with gland lobe tubular, curved (®gure 244); spermathecal duct arising from bursa distad from junction with common oviduct; hemisternites with large somewhat ¯attened styli (®gures 244, 245).

Distinguishing features. Alcidodes hoplomachus and A. crassus are the largest of the dipterocarp-associate d Alcidodes , although several other species fall within the size ranges of these two. The two species are very close to each other morphologically, and their size, the elongate aedeagus and the marked sexual dimorphism of the rostrum are all probably apomorphies indicating them to be sister-species. The two species are most reliably distinguished by the male genitalia, in particular the much greater length of the aedeagus of hoplomachus in relation to its basal width, and its concave sides (®gure 238, cf. ®gure 226). Females can be distinguished by the insertion of the spermathecal duct, which arises at the junction of bursa and oviduct in crassus and on the bursa away from this junction in hoplomachus (®gure 244, cf. ®gure 232). The shape of the sides of the pronotum is slightly diOEerent in the two species, the sides of crassus ’ pronotum being generally slightly more divergent than those of hoplomachus (®gures 21, 53, cf. ®gures 22, 54). However, this is a very di cult character to quantify.

Comments. Although originating with Heller (1917), A. hoplomachus Heller is not an available name, having been published as a junior synonym of A. crassus and not used for a taxon since then. Heller (1917) was clearly uncertain about the status of his Philippine specimens. He reported that initially he had distinguished (in litt.) his ®rst specimen of hoplomachus from Pascoe’s A. crassus , but with his second specimen he decided they were the same. In his 1917 paper he distinguished his specimens from A. crassus as illustrated in Waterhouse (1885), but stated that they agreed with Pascoe’s description of crassus ; however, the characters given do not distinguish hoplomachus from crassus . He suggested that Waterhouse’s artist had incorrectly ®gured the specimen. This being the case, Heller’s (1917) paper does not provide a description of the new species, nor does it purport to do so.

Haaf (1961e) refers to a lectotype of hoplomachus in Dresden; this specimen is used here as the holotype of the new species.

Gardner (1934) described and (1934, 1938) keyed the larva of this species as Àlcides crassus ’ (see discussion under A. crassus above). Adults almost certainly of the reared series are in the BMNH.

Etymology. The species name chosen is the same as Heller’s, to minimize confusion and maximize stability.

Specimens examined

HOLOTYPE m, Philippine Islands, with labels:`Acc. No. 12198 / Lot / Bu. of Sci. , P.I.’ and`1912 / 40’ and`Collected by / F. [illegible]’ and` Alcides / (hoplomachus n.sp.?) / det K. M. Heller 1912’ and `LECTOTYPE / Alcidodes / hoplomachus Hell.

/ det. Dr E. HAAF 1958’ and` A. crassus / (5 hoplomach.)’ and` HOLOTYPE / Alcidodes / hoplomachus / Lyal / Lyal det 1997’ ( SMTD).

PARATYPES. Philippine Islands: 1m (no further data) ( BMNH); 1m, Mindanao: Butuan (Baker) ( SMTD); 1 lLaguna: Mt Makiling, x.16.30, 400 ft. elev. (Hadden) ( BMNH); 6 ll, 8mm Luzon: Cabibihan, Tayabas, September ± October 1930, ex seeds of Hagachac [ Dipterocarpus gracilis or D. validus ] ( SMTD, BMNH, IRNSB, BPBM); 1 lNegros I.: Cuernos Mts (Baker) ( USNM); 1m Samar I., (Baker) ( USNM); 1 l

Camarines Sur: Mt. Triga, 12 April 1962 (Torrevillas) ( BPBM); 1m,`reared from seeds of Dipterocarpus vernici X uus [5 D. gracilis ] from Philippines’, intercepted in Hawaii, 29.viii.1930 ( USNM).

Assam: 1, l 2mm, U. Dihing Res., Lakhimpur, 1921, ex Dipterocarpus pilosus [5 D. gracilis ] (Beeson) ( BMNH).

Thailand: 1 l(Murray) ( BMHN); 2 ll, 2mm, Soppong Pai , 1± 8 May 1993 (Pacholalko and Dembicky) ( RIEDEL) .

Laos: 1, l 1m, Borikhane Prov. ; Pakkading; 15 June 1966, 23 April 65 (Gressitt and`native collector ’) ( BPBM) .

S. Vietnam: 1, l Bienhoa Prov. : Dinh Quan, low altitude forest, 30 November 1922 (Poilane) ( USNM) .

Malaysia: Peninsular Malaysia: 2 ll, Perak, Gunung Kledang , September 1916 ( BMNH) .

Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak, 1, l Gunung Mulu N.P., September 1977 (Hammond and Marshal l) ( BMNH); 1, l Lundu Distr. , Kampong Push, 690±1500 m, May 1958 (Maa) ( BPBM); 1m, Baram R . ( MNHN) .

Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah, 1, l Sepilok Laut, Sandakan , 28 October 1989, ex seed of Dipterocarpu s grandi X orus (Lantoh) ( FRCS) .

Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan, Gunung Palung Nat. Res., Cabang Panti Research Station, i±iv, 1991 (Curran), reared from seeds of: Dipterocarpus caudiferus (6 ll, 4mm), D. coriaceus (1 l), D. hasseltii (3 ll, 3mm), D. sublamellatus (6 ll,

17mm), D. stellatus (18 ll, 22mm), D.? stellatus (1m), D. s. stellatus (1m), D. stellatus

parvus (38 ll, 19mm), D. tempehes (2 ll 1m) ( BMNH, MZB, UMMZ).

Range. Assam, Thailand, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Vietnam, Borneo, Philippines.

Hosts. Dipterocarpus caudiferus Merr. , D. coriaceus Sloot. , D. grandi X orus (Blanco) B., D. gracilis Bl. , D. hasseltii Bl. , D. stellatus Vesque, D. s. parvus Ashton, D. sublamellatus Foxw. , D. tempehes Sloot.