Anacroneuria marlieri Froehlich, 2001

Ribeiro, José Moacir Ferreira & Gorayeb, Inocêncio De Sousa, 2014, Description of immatures and association with adults of three species of Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) of the Brazilian Amazon, Zootaxa 3881 (1), pp. 17-32 : 18-23

Anacroneuria marlieri Froehlich, 2001

( Figs. 1–11 )

Anacroneuria marlieri Froehlich , in Ribeiro-Ferreira & Froehlich 2001: 191, Figs. 11–16 (partim); Froehlich 2003: 130, Figs. 1–3 ; Ribeiro & Rafael 2009:8, 11, Figs. 11–15 , 36–45 (key); Ribeiro et al. 2009: 34 (catalogue); Froehlich 2010: 161 (catalogue).

Diagnosis of nymph. Body dark brown. Frons and labrum dark brown, parietalia mostly yellowish, brown at epicranial line. Pronotum brown, lighter laterally. Mesonotum and metanotum brown with Mesonotum and metanotum with whitish muscle insertions.

Description of nymph. Female: Body length 8.0–11.0 mm (not including the cerci, n=50), general color dark brown, body bright and robust. Head: Antennae dark yellow; basally with brown margin; scape larger than rest of antenna. Occiput with V-shaped dark spot, in dorsal view. Frons brown, M-line distinct, light spot lateral of ocellus. Parietalia yellow, brown at coronal line and part of postfrontal line. Eyes black; distance between ocelli 0.3 mm, from ocelli to inner margin of eye, 0.6 mm ( Fig. 2 ). Mouthparts dark yellow. Labrum brown with small anterodorsal spots lighter in color and anteromedian area dark yellow with fine setae. Maxillae dark yellow, sclerotized outer part of cardo and stipes brownish, margin medial of stipes sclerotized brown; lacinia with two dark brown teeth and a row of seven robust bristles ( Fig. 4 ). Mandible: dark brown, median region lighter brown; five pointed teeth on distal margin, mostly decreasing in size toward base, but 4th tooth larger than the 3rd and 5th. Two rows of bristles on the ventral margin, first row starting at the base of the 2nd tooth and other at base of the 4th tooth ( Figs. 5, 6 ); labium typical of Perlidae ( Fig. 3 ). Thorax: Pronotum dark brown, 1.3 mm long and 2.4 mm wide, without median spots, lateral margins yellow, posterior margin presenting median concavity, median pronotal sulcus and narrow side strip slightly, ventral side dark yellow to dark brown with sulcus well-marked, angle between the anterior arms of Y-line long, small groups of setae on the anterior side of the Y-line ( Figs. 2 , 8 ). Mesonotum and metanotum dark brown, mesonotum 1.1 mm long and 1.7 mm wide, median light area, with brown bands bordered laterally and covered with fine, dark pilosity contrasting with yellowish, hairless areas forming large circles or discs; lateral border of the wing pad lighter in color; metanotum 1.9 mm long and 1.3 mm wide, similar to mesonotum, with spots of various sizes and shapes ( Fig. 7 ). Gills present on ASC1, PSC1 with two branches, AT2, AT3, PT3, A1 with two branches. Gills absent from ASC, PSC (2, 3) and SL ( Fig. 8 ). Leg dorsally light yellow to slightly orange, unpigmented ventrally, trochanter with stout dense bristles, base of tibia dark brown, coxa with few bristles; femur with band of dorsal, heavy, transverse bristles apically, bristles absent from posterior surfaces; tibia with band of short, thick bristles anteriorly, a cluster of fine, dense, whitish bristles along entire segment, posteroventral margin with three large, strong spines; tarsus pale brown without strong bristles; ventrally pale with fine bristles ( Figs. 9, 10 ). Abdomen dorsally dark brown following the general pattern of body, becoming gradually darker in the last four segments; intersegmental membranes dark yellow, visible between anterior and posterior margins of each darker segment; segments with complete dorsal row of bristles that at posterior margin become more distinct from tergum 6 through 10. Ventrally, these bristles extend to a median gap equal to one-quarter of sternum width in the segments 1–7, bristle row complete on sterna of segments 7 and 9 to 10. The eigth sternite presents a median V-shaped notch with margin cleary sclerotized; the sterna were covered by fine, short, sparse bristles, the three last sterna with long bristles distally ( Fig. 11 ). Cerci dark to light yellow.

Male: Male nymphs differ from female nymphs by: lacking the median shaped-V notch in 8th sternum; body length 7.0 mm; head 1.5 mm long and 2.0 mm wide; distance between ocelli 0.1 mm, from ocellus to inner margin of eye 0.6 mm. Pronotum light brown, 1.0 mm long and 2.0 mm wide; mesonotum (wing pad I) 1.2 mm long and 2.0 mm wide; metanotum (wing pad II) 1.0 mm long and 1.7 mm wide.

Variation. Females: Body color ranging from light to dark brown; spots often present on pronotum, but variable in size and shape. Often, sterna are darker posteriorly, especially in the last four segments. Long bristles may be present on the lateral margins of terga 6–10 and on the median-lateral margins of sterna 8–10. In some earlier instar nymphs the spots on the posterior portion the head are not evident, nor those on the pro-, meso-, and metanotum. Early instar nymphs often have denser pilosity than that found on penultimate instar nymphs.

Male. Body color varies from light yellow in smaller nymphs to dark brown in later instars; posterior portion of the head are not evident on the pro-, meso-, and metanotum with conspicuous spots, these being less conspicuous in early instars. There are more bristles on smaller nymphs, distributed mainly on the pronotum, mesonotum, and legs.

Distribution. Brazil, Amazonas: Manaus Municipality, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke; Presidente Figueiredo Municipality, Cachoeira da Onça RPPN [private preserve]; Amapá: Macapá municpality, Floresta Nacional do Amapá and Serra Lombardi, limão; Pará: Castanhal Municipality, Apeú River basin; Peixe-Boi Municipality, Peixe-Boi River basin, Altamira municipality, Primavera Municipality, Capanema Municipality. Maranhão: Imperatriz Municipality (adult); Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães Roraima: Amajari Municipality (adult).

Remarks. The association with the adult was confirmed by rearing. The nymph of this species is similar to A.

manauensis . It differs by the having a more robust body shape, the head being dark brown, the presence of a median concavity on the pronotum, the sternal sulcus being light brown, the angle of the anterior arms of the Y-line of mesosternum long, and the femur being uniformly light brown. It differs from A. minuta primarily by the uniformly dark brown body color, the light brown mandibles, light brown femur, and the presence of setae anterior to the arms of the Y-line. In A. manauensis , the body is usually lighter and less robust in general habitus In A. minuta , the spot on the head is inconspicuous, whereas in the other species, slightly U-shaped and extending past the ocelli. The distance between the ocelli is 0.2–0.3 mm. In A. marlieri the spots on the wing pads are large and well defined, whereas in A. minuta spots are inconspicuous and in A. manauensis these spots are small and poorly defined.

Anacroneuria marlieri was the most frequently collected species during this study. We identified additional seven adults with the localities, “Serra do Tepequém (Amajari, Boa Vista, Roraima) deposited in the Museu Integrado de Roraima (MIRR) that is now part of the Instituto de Amparo Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação de Roraima (IACT), two adults with the labels “Serra Lombard, Limão (Amapá), one adult with the label (Imperatriz, Maranhão, igarapé ribeirãozinho), one adult with the label (Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães, Colégio Agrícola), increasing the known distribution of the species. These records are in addition to nymphs collected in the Floresta Nacional do Amapá and nymphs and adults collected in southern and northeastern Pará.

Material examined. BRASIL: Amazonas State: Manaus Municipality, Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais ( PDBFF), “corentezas (rapids), ponto-15, 22.x.2001 (1 nymph, INPA); same location, ponto-9, 21.x.2001 (8 nymphs, INPA); same location, km 26, igarapé Bons Amigos (stream), 24.iii.1995 (1 exuvium ♀, INPA); same location, PDBFF, rapids, ponto7, 20.x.2001 (2 nymphs ♂, INPA); same location, 22.x.2001 (1 nymph, INPA); same location, igarapé da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (stream) ( UFAM), 17.x.2007, F.M. Silva (1 nymph ♀, INPA); same location, 02.i.2008, F.M. Silva (1 nymph ♀, INPA); same location, 19.ii.2008, F.M. Silva (1 nymph, INPA); same location, km 26, igarapé Bons Amigos (stream), viii.1994, A.C. Ferreira (1 nymph ♀, INPA); same location, 27.iv.1995, A.C. Ferreira (2 nymphs ♀, INPA); same location, PDBFF, ZF3, km 23, Fazenda Esteio, igarapé Urubu (stream), cap, Cecropia, 02:23:55S59:52:42W, leaf litter in rapids, 23.x.2001, J.L. Nessimian (17 nymphs, INPA); same location, PDBFF, BR-174, km 72, Fazenda Dimona, rio Cuieiras, forest, leaf litter in rapids, 21.x.2001, J.L. Nessimian (10 nymphs, INPA); same location, rapids, ponto7, 20.x.2001 (8 nymphs, INPA); same location, [Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke], RFAD, igarapé Barro Branco (stream), 1995 (1 nymph ♀, INPA); same location, PDBFF, BR174, Fazenda Porto Alegre, Rio Urubu, pasture, 02:21:11S-59:59:05W, rapids, ponto11, 24.x.2001, J.L. Nessimian (5 nymphs ♀, 3 nymphs ♂, INPA); same location, [ RFAD], igarapé Bolívia (stream), 1824. ii.2003, J.M.F. Ribeiro, (1 ninfa ♀, INPA); same location, ZF3, Fazenda Esteio, igarapé Ponta Verde (stream), ponto1, 09.viii.2006, “sort of sheet G. sessiliflora, J.D. Paula (1 nymph, INPA); [Amazonas state]; Presidente Figueiredo municipality, igarapé da Onça (stream), RPPN Cachoeira da Onça, BR 174 km 108, remanso (backwater) and rapids, 11.ix.2012, F.B.P. Gouveia & G.Z. Donato-Lopez (5 nymphs, INPA); Amapá State Floresta Nacional do Amapá, igarapé Japiim (stream), between trails I and II in PPBio plot, (00o58’37.5’’S 51o36’50”W), sieve and aquatic net, 22-30.x.2009, J.M.F. Ribeiro & C.R. Santos (20 nymphs ♀, MPEG); Serra Lombard, Limão, 28.viii.1961, J. Bechyn & B. Bechyn (1 adult, MPEG); Pará state, Altamira, Municipality, igarapé da Ladeira (stream), aquatic net, 19.x.2012, (03o05’47.1’’S 51o51’0.50’’W) E. Monteiro (4 nymphs, MPEG); same location, aquatic net, igarapé Castanheira (stream), 19.x.2012, E. Monteiro, S.C. Favacho, E.P. Ferro & M.S.E. Johnson (4 nymphs, MPEG); same location, aquatic net, igarapé Fonte Boa (stream), 18.x.2012, (02o62’12.7’’S 52o05’10.0’’W), E. Monteiro, S.C. Favacho, E.P. Ferro (6 nymphs, MPEG); same location, aquatic net, igarapé balneário (stream), 18.x.2012, E. Monteiro, S.C. Favacho, E.P. Ferro (1 nymph, MPEG); Capanema Municipality, igarapé Toca do índio (stream), aquatic net, 22.iii.2011, D.A. Silva & M.L.S. Silva, (3 nymphs, MPEG); same location, igarapé Piranguinha (stream), aquatic net, 02.x.2011, P.L.F. Silva & J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 nymph, MPEG); same location, aquatic net, 20.vii.2011, D.A. Silva & M.L.S. Silva (1 nymph, MPEG); same location, aquatic net, 13.vii.2011, D.A. Silva & M.L.S. Silva (2 nymphs, MPEG); same location, aquatic net, 18.xi.2011, Z.F. Costa, & I.M. Silva (1 nymph, MPEG); same location, aquatic net, reared in tank, 14.vii.2011, P.L.F. Silva & J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult, female, MPEG); same location, aquatic net, reared in tank, 14.vii.2011, D.A. Silva & M.L.S. Silva (1 nymph, MPEG); same location, igarapé Abaeté (stream), aquatic net, 19.vii.2011, P.L.F. Silva (1 adult female, MPEG); same location, igarapé Toca do índio (stream), 27.viii.2011, D.A. Silva & M.L.S. Silva (1 nymph, MPEG); Castanhal, Municipality, rio Apeú River, Fazenda Buriti, 27.iv.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 nymph, MPEG); same location, aquatic net igarapé Papuquara (stream), aquatic net, reared in tank, 12.ii.2010 (3 nymphs ♀, MPEG); same location, reared in loco in (stream), 27.iv.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult, 1 nymph ♂, MPEG); same location, aquatic net, 04.ii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro & V. Trindade (2 nymphs ♂, 2 exuviae ♀, MPEG); same location, aquatic net, rearing in tank, 18.xi.2009, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 nymph, MPEG); same location, without date (1 nymph ♂, MPEG); same location, without date (1 late instar nymph in transition to adult); same location, 20.i.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 exuvia ♀, MPEG); same location, aquatic net, rearing in tank, 12.ii.2010 (4 nymphs ♀, 2 nymphs ♂, MPEG); same location, 20.i.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 exuvia ♂, 1 exuvia ♀, MPEG); same location, 20.i.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 exuvia ♂, MPEG); same location, 20.i.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 exuvia ♀, MPEG); same location, 20.ii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 exuvia ♀, MPEG); same location, 20.i.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 exuvia ♂, MPEG); same location, rearing in tank, 04.ii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 exuvia ♂, MPEG); same location, aquatic net, rearing in tank, 04.ii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 nymph ♂, MPEG); same location, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult, 1 exuvia ♀, MPEG); same location, 04.ii.2010, aquatic net, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 exuvia ♀, MPEG); same location, (1 exuvia ♀, MPEG); same location, 19.iii.2010, aquatic net, rearing in tank, J.M.F. Ribeiro (4 exuviae ♀, MPEG); same location, (1 adult, 1 exuvia ♀, MPEG); same location, 19.xii.2009, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult ♀, 1 exuvia, MPEG); same location, 04.ii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult ♀, 1 exuvia, MPEG); same location, 04.ii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult ♂, 1 exuvia, MPEG); same location, 04.ii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult ♀, 1 exuvia, MPEG); same location, 04.ii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult ♀, 1 exuvia, MPEG); same location, 04.ii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult ♀, 1 exuvia, MPEG); same location, 20.i.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1adult ♀, 1 exuvia, MPEG); same location, 20.i.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult ♀, 1 exuvia, MPEG); same location, 20.i.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 nymph ♀, MPEG); same location, 20.i.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult ♂, MPEG); same location, 04.ii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult ♂, 1 exuvia); Peixe-Boi Municipality, Rio Peixe Boi River basin, igarapé Braço Grande (stream), downstream of bridge, aquatic net, sieve, dragnet 14.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro and team (2 nymphs, MPEG); same location, igarapé do Cupu (stream), aquatic net, 16.iii.2011, J.M.F. Ribeiro, C.R. Monteiro & B.M. Mascarenhas (7 nymphs, MPEG); same location, light trap, 17.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 female adult, MPEG); same location, rearing in tank, 18.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult female, MPEG); same location, igarapé do Cupu (stream), aquatic net, rearing in tank, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (14 nymphs ♀, 3 nymphs ♂, MPEG); same location, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 nymph ♀, MPEG); same location, rearing in tank, (2 adults female, MPEG); same location, igarapé Abaeté (stream), 1o 10’ 2,96’’S 47o 18’ 52,911’’, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 nymphs ♀, MPEG); same location, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 exuvia ♀, MPEG); same location, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (3 exuviae ♀, MPEG); same location, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (2 nymphs ♀, MPEG); same location, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (2 nymphs ♀, MPEG); same location, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (9 nymphs, MPEG); same location, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (11 nymphs, MPEG); same location, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (11 nymphs, MPEG); same location, igarapé do Cupu (stream), 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (2 adults ♀, 2 exuviae, MPEG); same location, igarapé Abaeté (stream), 05.iv.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 exuvia ♀, MPEG); same location, 19.iv.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (2 adults, 2 exuviae ♀♂, MPEG); same location, Cupu (stream), 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 exuvia ♂, MPEG); same location, (1 exuvia ♀, MPEG); same location, Abaeté (stream), aquatic net, 19.iv.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (2 exuviae ♂, MPEG); same location, igarapé do Cup (stream), 19.iv.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 nymph moulting to adult ♂, MPEG); same location, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult ♀, 1 exuvium, MPEG); same location, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 exuvia ♀, MPEG); same location, 19.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 adult ♀, MPEG); same location, igarapé Abaeté (stream), aquatic net, 28.x.2010, P.L.F. Silva (14 nymphs, MPEG); same location, light trap, 28.x.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro & B.M. Mascarenhas (1 adult male, MPEG); same location, aquatic net, P.L.F. Silva & J.M.F. Ribeiro (4 nymphs, MPEG); same location, igarapé Abaeté (stream), aquatic net, 17.vii.2011, P.L.F. Silva (5 nymphs, MPEG); Nova Timboteua Municipality, igarapé do Burrinho (stream), aquatic net, 12.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro & E.R. Monteiro (2 nymphs, MPEG); Primavera Municipality, igarapé Caco (stream), sieve, 02.ix.2013, J.L.S. Pereira & C.R.M Santos (1 nymph, MPEG); same location, igarapé Abaeté (stream), 10.v.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro & P.L.F. Silva (4 nymphs, MPEG); same location, igarapé da Fábrica (stream), sieve, 02.ix.2013, J.L.S. Pereira & C.R.M. Santos (3 nymphs, MPEG); Maranhão State, Imperatriz Municipality, igarapé ribeirãozinho (stream), Suspended trap (1.6m), 02–05.viii.1989, F.F. Ramos (1 adult, male), Mato Grosso state, Chapada dos Guimarães, Colégio Agrícola Buriti, suspended trap 1.6m, 13–17.ii.1986, I.S. Gorayeb (1 adult male).

Ecological notes. Nymphs of A. marlieri were collected from pristine streams or those with only moderate impacts by agriculture. This species was associated with leaf packs, but often at much more reduced densities in streams influenced by surrounding agricultural areas. Only one large population was found in Papuquara Stream, Castanhal, Pará, where the stream received runoff from cattle grazing or human wastewater.

BB = Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Barro Branco Stream; PP = Pará, Castanhal, Apeú River basin, Papuquara Stream; CU = Pará, Peixe Boi, Peixe Boi River Basin, Cupu Stream; AB = Pará, Abaeté Stream; JA = Amapá, Floresta Nacional do Amapá, Japiim Stream.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 6. Female Anacroneuria marlieri. 1 — body; 2 — head and pronotum, dorsal view; 3 — head, ventral view; 4 — maxillae and lacinia; 5 — mandible, dorsal view; 6 — mandible, ventral view (photos: J. M. F. Ribeiro).

FIGURES 7 – 11. Female Anacroneuria marlieri. 7 — wing pad; 8 — sternal sulci and gills; 9 – 10 — legs, dorsal and ventral views; 11 — Abdomen, ventral view. (photos: J. M. F. Ribeiro).

FIGURES 12 – 17. Female Anacroneuria minuta. 12 — body; 13 — head and pronotum, dorsal view; 14 — head, ventral view; 15 — maxillae and lacinia; 16 – 17 — mandible, dorsal and ventral view. (photos: J. M. F. Ribeiro).