Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Velazco, Paúl M., Voss, Robert S., Fleck, David W. & Simmons, Nancy B., 2021, Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (451), pp. 1-201 : 35-38

Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Figure 8B

VOUCHER MATERIAL (TOTAL = 76): Estación Biológica Madre Selva (MUSM 31265, 31266), Isla Padre (MUSM 4207–4209, 4214), Jenaro Herrera (AMNH 278466, 278501; CEBIOMAS 95, 96; MUSM 829–839, 854–857, 1054, 5544, 5548, 5920), Nuevo San Juan (AMNH 272663, 272665, 272692, 272737–272739, 272771, 272783, 272785, 272806, 272847, 272848, 273083, 273104, 273110, 273111, 273129, 273138, 273139; MUSM 11099, 13192, 15161, 15163, 15164, 15166–15170), Orosa (AMNH 73994–74005), Quebrada Betilia (MUSA 15159), Quebrada Blanco (MUSM 21094), Quebrada Esperanza (FMNH 89047, 89048), Quebrada Lobo (MUSA 15118, 15139); see table 18 for measurements.

UNVOUCHERED OBSERVATIONS: During the Sierra del Divisor Rapid Biological Inventory, one individual of Carollia perspicillata was captured at Divisor (Jorge and Velazco, 2006). An unspecified number of individuals of C. perspicillata were also captured at Anguila during the

TABLE 18

External and Craniodental Measurements (mm) and Weights (g) of Carollia perspicillata

from the Yavarí-Ucayali Interfluve

Tapiche-Blanco Rapid Biological Inventory (Escobedo-Torres, 2015). During the Yavarí Rapid Biological Inventory, this species was captured at Quebrada Buenavista (four individuals), Quebrada Curacinha (two individuals) and Quebrada Limera (three individuals) (Escobedo, 2003). We captured two individuals at El Chino Village on 16 February 2019, and another two individuals at Tahuayo Farm on 19 February 2019. Carollia perspicillata was also recorded using acoustic methods during the CEBIO bat course at Jenaro Herrera.

IDENTIFICATION: Carollia perspicillata can be distinguished from other congeneric species by the following combination of traits: forearm ≥ 39 mm; pelage relatively short; forearm and toes naked or only sparsely haired; half or more of the outer lower incisors obscured by cingula of canines when the lower jaw is viewed from directly above; V-shaped lower jaw, with rami straight in occlusal view; and maxillary toothrow length>7.4 mm (Pine, 1972; Cloutier and Thomas, 1992; McLellan and Koopman, 2008). Other descriptions and comparative measurements of C. perspicillata can be found in Goodwin and Greenhall (1961), Husson (1962, 1978), Brosset and Charles-Dominique (1990), Cloutier and Thomas (1992), Lim et al. (2005), McLellan and Koopman (2008), Velazco and Patterson (2019), and Lemos et al. (2020).

McLellan (1984) and Cloutier and Thomas (1992) did not recognize any subspecies of Carollia perspicillata , but McLellan and Koopman (2008) recognized three: C. p. azteca (Central America, Trinidad and Tobago, north and west of the Amazon Basin in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador), C. p. perspicillata (across the Amazon Basin in the Guianas, Venezuela, Brazil, and eastern Colombia,

TABLE 19

Roosting Groups of Carollia perspicillata Observed near Nuevo San Juan

Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia), and C. p. tricolor ( Paraguay, southern Bolivia and Brazil, and northern Argentina). However, Velazco (2013) analyzed samples from throughout the range of this species (N = 90) and found low intraspecific cytochrome b divergence and little or no phylogeographic structure, suggesting that the recognition of subspecies is not justified. Therefore, we do not recognize any subspecies of C. perspicillata .

Ascorra et al. (1993), Fleck et al. (2002), and Medina et al. (2015) correctly identified their material from Jenaro Herrera, Nuevo San Juan, Quebrada Betilia, and Quebrada Lobo as Carollia perspicillata . All the voucher material we examined from the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve conforms to previous descriptions of C. perspicillata , with measurements that fall within the range of size variation previously documented for the species.

REMARKS: Of 140 recorded mistnet captures of Carollia perspicillata in our region, 124 were taken in ground-level nets and 16 were taken in elevated nets. Of these mistnet captures, 39 were in primary forest, 61 were in secondary vegetation, 28 were in clearings, 8 were in a palm swamp (aguajal), and 4 were on river beaches.

We found 12 roosts of Carollia perspicillata near Nuevo San Juan (table 19), usually in the rotted-out central cavities of standing trees, but one roost was inside a hollow log. Six roosts at this locality were in seasonally flooded forest, three were in primary upland forest, one was in a palm swamp, another was in liana forest, and one was in a small (0.5 ha) blowdown. Recorded heights of roosts in standing trees ranged from 1.5 to 25 m above the ground. Carollia perspicillata was often found roosting alone, but three roosts (all in standing trees) were shared with other species. Of these, one was shared with Lampronycteris brachyotis and one with both Phyllostomus hastatus and Molossus rufus ; the third roost, which contained only Carollia perspicillata on 22 September 1999, was shared with Lampronycteris brachyotis when it was revisited on 14 October 1999, and the same roost was shared with both Lampronycteris brachyotis and Trachops cirrhosus when it was revisited a second time on 25 October 1999.

Although Carollia perspicillata often inhabits caves and manmade refugia (buildings, culverts, bridges, etc.) in other parts of its extensive geographic range (Goodwin and Greenhall, 1961;

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Handley, 1976; Fleming, 1988), our observations from Nuevo San Juan suggest that, in minimally disturbed and caveless Amazonian landscapes, this species usually roosts in hollow trees.

Figures

FIG. 8. Photographs of A, an adult male (ROM 122257) Carollia brevicauda and B, an adult male (ROM 122230) C. perspicillata, both captured at Jenaro Herrera. Photographs by Burton Lim.