Cyphocoleus subulatus, Liebherr, 2016

Liebherr, James K., 2016, Cyphocoleus Chaudoir (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Odacanthini): descriptive taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, and the Cenozoic history of New Caledonia, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (2), pp. 211-270 : 252-254

21. Cyphocoleus subulatus sp. n. Figures 1 , 26 , 27 , 32 , 112 , 120 , 155-158 , 163 , 165

Diagnosis.

Among species with orbicular pronotum and broadly cordate elytra, this species (Fig. 163 ) shares the possession of the posterior supraorbital seta with only Cyphocoleus latipennis (Fig. 122 ) and Cyphocoleus iledespinsensis (Fig. 164 ). Beetles of Cyphocoleus subulatus can be diagnosed from the former by presence of evident, transversely stretched isodiametric microsculpture on the head, not the shallow, difficult to trace transverse-line microsculpture of Cyphocoleus latipennis . Conversely, this species can be diagnosed from the latter by the pale antennae, and femora with flavous ground color and dark basal and apical bands, versus the uniformly fuscous antennae and femora observed in Cyphocoleus iledespinsensis . The eyes of this species are more convex, ocular ratio 1.54-1.57 compared to those of Cyphocoleus iledespinsensis , where the broad, little convex eyes result in a ratio of 1.49. If a male can be dissected, the differences in the aedeagal median lobes are distinctive (see male genitalia sections for the two species descriptions). Standardized body length 6.0-7.2 mm.

Description

(n = 5). Head capsule ovoid, neck moderately constricted with genae moderately convergent behind eyes in dorsal view; eyes moderately convex, outer profile extended beyond curvature of gena behind eye, 16 -18 ommatidia across horizontal diameter of eye; frons with well-developed median carina that is surrounded by transversely wrinkled median flat spot; frontal grooves narrow, sinuous anteriorly from between eyes onto clypeus, frontoclypeal suture obsolete; mandibles moderately elongate, length 1.9 × distance from antennal articulatory socket to anterolateral margin of labrum; antennae moderately elongate, scape length 2.5 × maximal breadth; gena setose, subgenal seta present. Pronotum with front angles tightly rounded, slightly protruded, nearly right; lateral marginal bead distinctly sinuate before depressed median base that is margined medially by narrow bead; median longitudinal impression narrowly and finely incised, extended from just inside basal marginal bead nearly to anterior marginal bead, transverse wrinkles on either side of impression not aligned; anterior transverse impression very shallow, irregularly impressed in association with shallow longitudinal wrinkles on anterior callosity; proepisternum not visible in dorsal view, smooth ventrally, with fine vertical wrinkles along dorsal margin; prosternal process slightly convex medially anterad procoxae, with shallow medial depression ventrally, broadly convex posteriorly. Elytra broadly cordate, basal margin slightly concave to base of fourth stria, then posteriorly curved across broad humeri; discal intervals convex, intervals 3-5 slightly more convex, broader basally; elytral striae deep, narrow, impunctate; parascutellar seta present, articulatory socket papillate; dorsal elytral setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged as 6 + 7, the articulatory sockets papillate; both subapical and apical elytral setae present, the articulatory socket for apical seta smaller, not papillate; subapical sinuation distinctly concave, lateral portion of concavity joined to depressed lateral margin in broad curve, medial margin convex to suture; elytral apices conjoined, margin not or only slightly invaginated at fused suture. Mesepisternum impunctate; metepisternal dorsal length subequal to diagonal width; metasternum with broad, shallow median fossa at base of metasternal process. Abdomen with apical margin of apical ventrite shallowly concave medially in both males and females; males with one seta each side of apical margin of apical ventrite, females with two seta each side. Legs moderately elongate; metacoxae bisetose; mt1 length/tibial length = 0.25; mt4 length to apex of outer lobe 1.6 × median tarsomere length, 3-4 ventrolateral setae each side. Microsculpture well developed on pronotal disc, a combination of upraised isodiametric and transverse sculpticells, the surface matte; elytral microsculpture an irregularly present transverse mesh, sculpticell borders shallow, difficult to trace in glossier portions of surface; pelage little developed, head apparently glabrous, pronotal and elytral disc with sparsely distributed, extremely short microsetae, visible only in lateral view; prosternum with only a few very short microsetae, pterothoracic and abdominal ventrites and legs apparently glabrous except for macrosetae. Coloration of body dorsum and venter, including elytral epipleuron, uniformly piceous; legs paler, rufobrunneous with piceous cast except for flavous median femoral band (a minority of specimens lack this pale band and so have concolorous, rufobrunneous leg segments).

Male genitalia (n = 7). Male aedeagal median lobe elongate, heavily sclerotized, parallel sided from base to ostial opening; dorsoventral breadth at midlength 0.13 × distance from tip to base of closed basal bulb (Figs 155-158 ); elongate lobe apex extended beyond ostial opening in a broad dorsally directed curve, tip tightly rounded, dorsoventral breadth at midlength of apical extension 0.18 × distance from distal margin of ostial opening to tip; ostial opening on ventral surface of median lobe shaft (Fig. 157 ); sac covered with microtrichia, but without any heavily sclerotized structures, length at least 1.6 × breadth.

Female reproductive tract (n = 3). Bursa copulatrix columnar, distance from base of gonocoxites to spermathecal basal sclerite 4 × maximum breadth (dissection compressed under cover slip) (Fig. 112 ); bursal walls thin, translucent, lumenal surface smooth except for thin band of very fine setae at midlength; basal gonocoxite with apical fringe of five to six setae (Fig. 120 ); apical gonocoxite broadly subtriangular with pointed apex and two lateral ensiform setae.

Types.

Holotype male (ANIC deposited in MNHN): NEW CALEDONIA / Col d’Amieu, 1800-2000 / 12-13 Dec., 1973 / G.B. &S. R. Monteith // HOLOTYPE / Cyphocoleus / subulatus / J.K. Liebherr 2016 (black-margined red label).

Paratypes (239 specimens). NEW CALEDONIA: Aoupinié, top camp, 850 m el., pyrethrum trees & logs, 21°11'S, 165°18'E, 02-03xi2001, Burwell & Monteith (QMB, 2; lot no. 8716); La Crouen, 21°33 S´ 165°55'E, 16iii1961, Sedlacek (BPBM, 1); Col d’Amieu, 545-610 m el., 21°33'S, 165°48'E, 12-13xii1973, G. & S. Monteith (ANIC, 13), 18-19xii1973, G. & S. Monteith (ANIC, 2); Col d’Amieu, 6 km NNE, 300 m el., 21°33.5'S, 165°51'E, 13xi2000, Bouchard, Burwell & Monteith (QMB, 3; lot no. 9924; QMB, 2; lot no. 9923), pyrethrum trees & logs, 11xi2001, Burwell (QMB, 2; lot no. 8678), 390 m el., ex nr. Mirasmius, 21°33.5'S, 165°45.6'E, 16iii2007, Leschen (EMEC, 1; NZAC, 1); 440 m el., fogging logs, 21°33.5'S, 165°45.3'E, 16iii2007, Leschen (NZAC, 1); Mt. Kanala, 21°34'S, 165°56'E, 03xi1911, Sarasin & Roux (SMTD, 1); Ciu nr. Mt. Canala, rainforest, 21°34'S, 165°57'E, 01-03i1955 Wilson (MCZ, 2); Table Unio road, 500 m el., 21°34'S, 165°46'E, 14xi2000, Bouchard, Burwell & Monteith (QMB, 2; lot no. 9946), 800 m el., 21°34'S, 165°46'E, 14xi2000, Bouchard, Burwell & Monteith (QMB, 1; lot no. 9934); Canala, 4 km S Mia, 380 m el., 21°34.7'S, 165°58.3'E, river valley, rainforest, Wanat & Ruta (MNHW, 1); Mt. Rembai 650 m el., 21°35'S, 165°51'E, 09v1984 Monteith & Cook (QMB, 3), 700-900 m el., rainforest litter, 21°35'S, 165°51'E, 09v1984, Monteith & Cook (QMB, 9); Col d’Amieu Forest Station, 400 m el., 21°35'S, 165°50'E, 08-09v1984, Monteith & Cook (QMB, 4); Mt. Rembai top junction, 780 m el., hand collecting, rainforest, 21°35'S, 165°51'E, 30xii2004, Monteith (QMB, 1; lot no. 12007); Plateau de Dogny trail, 870 m el., litter, 21°37.2'S, 165°52.5'E, 15iii2007, Leschen & Will (EMEC, 1); Plateau de Dogny trail, 245 m el., flood debris, 21°37.8'S, 165°52'E, 15iii2007, Leschen (NZAC, 1), Will (EMEC, 12); Col d’Amieu litter, 21°37'S, 165°49'E, 06ix1990, Raven (QMB, 1); Farino, 5 km N, 400 m el., night collecting, 21°37'S, 165°46'E, 14xi2002, Burwell & Monteith (QMB, 2; lot no. 11186); Col d’Amieu, west slope, 470 m el., pyrethrum logs, 21°37'S, 165°49'E, 17xi2002, Monteith (QMB, 5; lot no. 11180), hand collecting, 21°37'S, 165°49'E, 25xi2003, Monteith (QMB, 1; lot no. 11426), pyrethrum trees & logs, 21°37'S, 165°49'E, 25xi2003, Monteith (QMB, 8; lot no. 11427), pyrethrum log w/ epiphytes, 21°37'S, 165°49'E, 27i2004, Monteith (QMB, 1; lot no. 11517), pyrethrum log w/o epiphytes, 21°37'S, 165°49'E, 27xi2004, Monteith (QMB, 14; lot no. 11516), pyrethrum trees & logs, 21°37'S, 165°49'E, 29ix2004 Monteith (QMB, 1; lot no. 11667); Sarraméa, 2 km NE, 280 m el., 21°38'S, 165°52'E, 30xi2009, Schuh (NMHW, 2); Table Unio, 700-1000 m el., 21°43'S, 165°47'E, 10v1984, Monteith & Cook (QMB, 1); Sarraméa, Plateau de Dogny, Bois mort, 21°46'S, 165°55'E, 23vi1971 (MNHN, 5); Mt. Mou, 380 m el., small stream, 22°04'S, 166°20'E, 23xi2009, Jäch (NMHW, 1); Col de la Pirogue, 22°05'S, 166°19'E, 23i1962, Krauss (BPBM, 2); Rivière Bleue, Kaori Geant, 22°06'S, 166°39'E, 11xi2000, Bouchard, Burwell & Monteith (QMB, 9; lot no. 9957), pyrethrum trunks & logs, 22°06'S, 166°39'E, 11xi2000, Monteith (QMB, 14; lot no. 9954), 160 m el., pyrethrum trees & logs, 22°06'S, 166°39'E, 19xi2002, Monteith (QMB, 2; lot no. 11202); 11-21xi2002, Monteith & Wright (QMB, 1; lot no. 11203), Pont Germain 160 m el., 22°06'S, 166°39'E, 11xi2000, Bouchard, Burwell & Monteith (QMB, 9; lot no. 9950), L’houp Geant Trail, 350 m el., 22°09'S, 166°41.2'E, 26xi2009, Jäch (NMHW, 1); Mt. Koghi, 22°10'S, 166°31'E, 26-30i1963, Kuschel (BPBM, 1), 480 m el., 24-x-2008, fogged log, Wanat (MNHW, 4), 500-800 m el., 23-27x1967, J. & M. Sedlacek (BPBM, 3), 500-750 m el., m, 25-26x1967, J. & M. Sedlacek (BPBM, 2), 610-670 m el., 20-23xi1973, G. & S. Monteith (ANIC, 8), 12-13ii1977, J. Balogh (RScC, 2), 500 m el., 26viii1978, S. & J. Peck (CNC, 2), 400 m el., 26v1984, Monteith & Cook (ANIC, 3), 400 m el., 26v1984, Monteith & Cook (ANIC, 2), rainforest 500 m el., sifted litter, 23v1987, Raven (QMB, 2), pyrethrum trunks & logs, 27xi2000, Monteith (QMB, 1; lot no. 9942), 750 m el., pyrethrum trunks & logs, 29xi2000, Monteith (QMB, 8; lot no. 9944); 500 m el., hand collecting, 27i2002, Monteith (QMB, 1; lot no. 8917), night collecting, 02-03xi2002, Burwell, Monteith & Wright (QMB, 2; lot no. 11088), 500 m el., 22xi2000, Bouchard, Burwell & Monteith (QMB, 2; lot no. 9932), dung pitfalls, 22xi2000, Monteith (QMB, 3; lot no. 9933), pyrethrum trunks & logs, 22xi2000, Monteith (QMB, 12; lot no. 9931), 700 m el., 22°10.5'S, 166°30.8'E, 12iii2007, Will (EMEC, 1), 550 m el., small streams, 22°10.5'S, 166°30.3'E, 25xi2009, Jäch (NMHW, 2), 485 m el., beating fungi & dead branches, 22°10.7'S, 166°30.4'E, 12iii2007, Leschen (EMEC, 2; NZAC, 1); Mt. Chapeau de Gendarme [= Mt. Malaoui], forest brook, under rocks, 22°11'S, 166°30'E, 22x1944, Herron (MSUC, 5), low pasture, 22x1944, Herron (MSUC, 1), under logs, 22x1944, Herron (MSUC, 1); Forêt de Thi to Hamma, 700-800 m el., 22°13'S, 166°32'E, 16vii1958, Malkin & Rageau (BPBM, 2); Forêt de Thi, 100-300 m el., 22°13'S, 166°32'E, 25iii1961, Sedlacek (BPBM, 2), 05viii1966, Oesterr. NC Exped. (RScC, 1), 30x1967, J. & M. Sedlacek (BPBM, 1), 100-300 m el., 07ix1979, Nishida (BPBM, 1), 150 m el., 21v1984, Monteith & Cook (ANIC, 2; QMB, 3); Pic du Grand Kaori, site 2, rainforest, 250 m el., hand collecting, 22°17'S, 166°53'E, 22-24xi2004, QMB Party (QMB, 2; lot no. 11772), pyrethrum, rainforest, 22-24xi2004, Monteith & Burwell (QMB, 1; lot no. 11773); Rivière des Pirogues Headwaters, 350-400 m el., 22°19'S, 166°44'E, 22v1984, Monteith & Cook (ANIC, 2; QMB, 4); Forêt Nord, site 2, rainforest, 200 m el., day hand collecting, 22°19'S, 166°55'E, 02-03xii2004, QMB Party (QMB, 3; lot no. 11829).

Etymology.

The Latin adjectival subulatus , awl-shaped or pointed ( Brown 1956), forms the basis this species’ epithet based on the distinctively pointed male aedeagal median lobe (Figs 155-158 ).

Distribution and habitat.

This species is known from the southern half of Grande Terre, with a northerly outlying locality, based on current specimens, at Aoupinié (Fig. 165 ). Beetles have been abundantly collected along the SarraméaCanala Road, and also in the mountains outside Nouméa. Localities range in elevation from 100-900 m. Collecting situations are quite diverse, including dead branches with fungi, pyrethrin fogged logs with and without epiphytes, the margins of small streams, and within flood debris.

Figures

Figure 1. Cyphocoleus subulatus sp. n. male paratype dorsal view: NEW CALEDONIA, Ciu, near Mt. Canala, 300 m el., 1 - 3 - i- 1955, rainforest, E. O. Wilson (MCZ).

Figure 165. Distribution map of Cyphocoleus subulatus and Cyphocoleus iledespinsensis.

Figures 26 - 27. Right maxillary stipes, lacinia, galea, and palp, Cyphocoleus subulatus: 26, dorsal view; 27, ventral view. Single-segmented galea of Cyphocoleus and other Homethina lies laterad the lacinia, with a rabbeted groove on the dorsomedial surface of the galea accommodating the lateral margin of the lacinia, thereby supporting lacinia during alternating, rotary movements of the maxillae. For abbreviations see Table 1.

Figures 28 - 33. 28 - 32 Male aedeagus with associated abdominal segments VIII and IX, dorsal view, Cyphocoleus spp.: 28, Cyphocoleus heterogenus; 29, Cyphocoleus angustatus; 30, Cyphocoleus mirabilis; 31, Cyphocoleus cordatus; 32, Cyphocoleus subulatus. 33. Abdominal lateroventrites VIII (left) and laterotergites VIII (right), showing membranous division of laterotergites, male Cyphocoleus latipennis. Dorsal gland reservoir is globose without dorsal lobe. For abbreviations see Table 1.

Figures 105 - 112. Female reproductive tract, ventral view, for Cyphocoleus spp.; 105, Cyphocoleus mirabilis, Mt. Koghi; 106, Cyphocoleus fasciatus, Mt. Panie; 107, Cyphocoleus cychroides, Pic d'Amoa; 108, Cyphocoleus latipennis, Mt. Panie; 109, Cyphocoleus cardiopterus, Mt. Mou; 110, Cyphocoleus globulicollis, Col des Roussettes; 111, Cyphocoleus flavipes, Noumea; 112, Cyphocoleus subulatus, Foret de Thi. For abbreviations see Table 1.

Figures 113 - 120. Female right gonocoxae, ventral view, for Cyphocoleus spp. illustrating apical fringe setae of basal gonocoxite 1, and two lateral ensiform setae, one dorsal ensiform seta, and two apical nematiform setae on apical gonocoxite 2; 113, Cyphocoleus fasciatus, Mt. Panie; 114, Cyphocoleus cychroides, Pic d'Amoa; 115, Cyphocoleus latipennis Mt. Panie; 116, Cyphocoleus cordatus, Foret Nord; 117, Cyphocoleus globulicollis, Col des Roussettes; 118, Cyphocoleus flavipes, Noumea; 119, Cyphocoleus bourailensis, Bourail; 120, Cyphocoleus subulatus, Foret de Thi. Scale bar, 0.10 mm.

Figures 141 - 160. Male aedeagal median lobe and associated parameres of Cyphocoleus spp., dextral view: 141 - 152, Cyphocoleus globulicollis; 141, Aoupinie; 142, Me Maoya; 143, Col de Roussettes; 144, internal sac partially everted, Gelima; 145, Col d'Amieu; 146, Mt. Do; 147, internal sac everted, Ningua; 148 - 150, Mt. Dzumac Rd; 151 - 152, Mt. Koghi; 153, Cyphocoleus flavipes, Yahoue; 154, Cyphocoleus bourailensis, Bourail; 155 - 158, Cyphocoleus subulatus; 155, La Crouen; 156, Mt. Rembai; 157, Col d'Amieu; 158, Mt. Koghi; 159 - 160, Cyphocoleus iledespinsensis, Ile des Pins; 159, dextral view; 160, ventral view.

Figures 161 - 164. Dorsal habitus photographs of Cyphocoleus spp., environmental patina removed: 161, Cyphocoleus flavipes Yahoue; 162, Cyphocoleus bourailensis, Bourail; 163, Cyphocoleus subulatus, Mt. Koghi; 124, Cyphocoleus iledespinsensis, Ile des Pins.

Figures 121 - 125. Dorsal habitus photographs of Cyphocoleus spp., environmental patina removed: 121, Cyphocoleus cychroides male, Tionaki Tal; 122, Cyphocoleus latipennis male, Mt. Panie; 123, Cyphocoleus cordatus female, Foret Nord; 124, Cyphocoleus cardiopterus female, Mt. Mou; 125, Cyphocoleus globulicollis female, Col des Roussettes.