Protoperidinium claudicans (Paulsen) Balech 1974

Krakhmalnyi, Aleksandr F., Krakhmalnyi, Maxim A., Terenko, Galyna V. & Goncharenko, Igor V., 2023, Dominant Species Of The Genus Protoperidinium Bergh (Peridiniales: Protoperidiniaceae) In The Black Sea, Zootaxa 5339 (5), pp. 427-448 : 432

Protoperidinium claudicans (Paulsen) Balech 1974 . Rev. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat. “ B. Rivadavia ”, Hydrobiologia 4 (1): 57. ( Figs. 17–19 ) .

References: Lebour 1925: 123, Pl. XXV: 1 a–d; Kiselew 1950: 202, Figs. 339 a–b, 343 a–b; Wood 1968: 99, Fig. 290 (as Peridinium claudicans ); Dodge 1982: 182, Fig. 20 G, H ; Dodge 1985: 45; Balech 1988: 86, L. 24: 5-9; Steidinger & Tangen 1997: 536, Pl. 51; Okolodkov 2008: 116, Pl. 5: 9–12; Konovalova & Selina 2010: 138, Table XVII, 2–v, XVII, 4 a–v; Photo-Table XVII, 1–3; Krakhmalny 2011: 193, Table 12–18; Phan-Tan et al. 2017: 133, Fig. 2 a–f ; Al-Yamani & Saburova 2019: 300, Pl. 164.

Basionym: Peridinium claudicans Paulsen 1907 . Medd. Komm. Hav. Kbhvn., Ser. Plankton 1 (5): 16, Fig. 22 a–d .

Description: Cells pentagonal, noticeably dorsoventrally compressed. The apical pore structure of Bʹ– type ( Toriumi & Dodge 1993). The epithecal plate pattern comprises seven precingular plates (7ʹʹ), four apical plates (4ʹ), three anterior intercalary plates (3a). The first apical plate (1ʹ) almost symmetrically rhomboid. According to Lebour (1925), Okolodkov (2008), Al-Yamani & Saburova (2019) belongs to “ortho”–”penta” group; according to Balech (1988) and Phan-Tan et al. (2017) – “ortho”–”penta” or “ortho”–”quadra”. The cingulum median, descending (displaced by 1.0 cingular width), bordered. The sulcus broad, expanding, bears lists. The hypotheca with two unequal antapical horns (the right horn is slightly longer and thicker than the left) and deep antapical notch. The cellular contents pale yellow, pale pink. Dimensions: 50–105 μm long and 46–76 μm wide.

Nomenclatural note: The species is morphologically close to P. oceanicum . They differ in size – P. claudicans is smaller, and has relatively short apical and antapical horns.

Distribution: Principally coastal and open water, but found in estuarine environments. Temperate to tropical species; cosmopolitan ( Steidinger & Tangen 1997). Data on the distribution of P. claudicans are given from the GBIF.org (2022) ( Fig. 81 ).

Figures

FIGURES 11–22. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 11–12—P. bipes; 14–15—P. brochii; 13, 16—P. crassipes; 17–19—P. claudicans; 20–22—P. depressum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 11, 13, 15–16—DIC; 12, 14, 18–19, 22—epifluorescence; 17, 20–21—transmitted light. Scale bars: 11–12, 14–15 = 10 µm; 13, 16–22 = 20 µm.

FIGURES 1–10. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 1–2—P. achromaticum; 3–4, 7—P. brevipes; 5, 10—P. quadrioblongum; 6, 8–9—P. excentricum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 4, 6–9—epifluorescence; 5, 10— transmitted light. Scale bars: 10 µm.

FIGURES 77–85. Global distribution maps of some Protoperidinium species. 77—Protoperidinium achromaticum; 78—P. bipes; 79—P. brevipes; 80—P. brochii; 81—P. claudicans; 82—P. conicum; 83—P. crassipes; 84—P. depressum; 85—P. divergens.