Pleurozia gigantea (F.Weber) Lindb.

Sukkharak, Phiangphak, 2017, A revision of the genus Pleurozia (Marchantiophyta: Pleuroziaceae) in Thailand and little known morphological features of the genus, Phytotaxa 309 (3), pp. 201-216 : 211-213

3. Pleurozia gigantea (F.Weber) Lindb. in Lindberg & Lackström (1874: -).

Basionym:— Physiotium giganteum (F.Weber) Lindberg (1870: 81) . Jungermannia gigantea Weber (1815: 57) . Type: RÉUNION. Bory ex herb. Richard s.n. (lectotype, designated by Thiers 1993, PC; isolectotypes, BM-2, S, W; syntypes, SAINT HELENA. Menzies s.n., BM, FH, G, NY) ( Thiers 1993).

= Pleurozia sphagnoides A.Rich. ex Trevisan (1877: 412) . Pleurozia sphagnoides Dumortier (1835: 15) , nom. inval. Physiotium sphagnoides A.Rich. ex Nees (1838: 38) , nom. illeg. ( Thiers 1993).

= Pleurozia borneensis (De Not.) Trevisan (1877: 412) . Physiotium sphagnoides var. [beta] borneense De Notaris (1876: 304) ( Thiers 1993).

= Pleurozia gigantea (F.Weber) Lindb. in Lindberg & Lackström (1874: -) var. major (Jack) Evans (1892: 255) . Physiotium giganteum var. major Jack (1886: 65) ( Thiers 1993).

= Physiotium philippinense Jack (1886: 65) , nom. inval. ( Thiers 1993).

= Physiotium elatum Carring. ex Rabenh. in Gottsche & Rabenhorst (1877: -), nom. inval. ( Thiers 1993 with update).

= Eopleurozia simplicissima (Herz.) Schuster (1961: 200) . Pleurozia simplicissima Herzog (1950: 316) ( Thiers 1993).

Description:—( Figs. 8−10 ). Plants autoicous, creeping to ascending or pendent, prostrate stems dominant, sparsely branched, with stems bearing sterile gynoecia or fertile gynoecia scattered along main stems; up to 9 cm long, 1.2−5 mm wide. Simple leaves dominant on vegetative branches and bases of upright branches, ovate to lanceolate, concave, 2−2.5 × 1.8−2.2 mm, acute, margins entire, base auriculate. Explanate-lobuled leaves not seen. Saccate-lobuled leaves dominant on main stem; ventral lobes ovate, 4.5−5 × 3−3.7 mm, strongly concave, apex acute, margins entire to undulate or with 1−2 teeth near base or apex, incurved, base auriculate; apical cells quadrate, 50−61 × 55−69 μm, marginal cells quadrate to rectangular, 50−69 × 41−55 μm, median cells rectangular, 63−105 × 41−61 μm, basal cells rectangular, 27−41 × 83−166 μm; dorsal lobules ovate, 3.3−4.5 × 1.3−1.6 mm, aperture entirely enclosed; keel with appendages on both sides of stem, appendage margin with 2 triangular teeth. Androecial bracts ovate. Fertile gynoecia terminal, bracts 5.5−6 × 4−5 mm, trilobed, lobes extending 1/6× bract length, lobes ovate, apices acuminate, margins laciniate; perianths lanceolate, tapering from near base to a small mouth, 6−7 × 2−2.3 mm, plicate in the upper 1/2−3/2, mouth ciliate. Sterile gynoecia lateral; bracts 4−4.8 × 2.7−3 mm, trilobed, lobes extending 1/3× bract length, lobes ovate, apices acuminate, margins laciniate; perianths oblong, 6.3−7 × 1.8−2 mm, mouth entire.

Additional illustrations:— Jack (1886: Tab. I. Figs. 1−7 as Physiotium giganteum ; Schiffner (1893: Fig. 66); Piippo (1984: Fig. 18e− h); Thiers (1993: Figs. 101–128); Bai & Li (1998: Fig. 2 : 8–13); Wigginton (2004: Fig. 125).

Ecology:— 953–1740 m; on branches, twigs, bark, rotten logs, rocks in evergreen forests.

Representative specimens:— Chiang Mai. INTHANON MT.: summit region, 18°35’ N 98°30’ E, Touw 10287 ( BKF). Nakhon Ratchasima. KHAO KHEW: Na-thalang 62 ( BCU), Thaithong s.n. ( BCU). Loei. PHU LUANG WILDLIFE SANCTUARY: Lan Suriyan , Kornochalert 817, 826 ( CMUB) ; Pak Dam, 17°16’ N 101°31’ E, Sukkharak 2129, 2225, 4396, 4399, 4469, 4470 (Hb. Burapha Univ.). Prachinburi. KHAO YAI NATIONAL PARK: Khao Khieo, 14°30’ N 101°30’ E, Touw 12081 ( BKF). Chanthaburi. KHAO SOI DAO WILDLIFE SANCTUARY: Kitlap, Likananon & Sukkharak 216, 240, 253, 270, 286, 334 (Hb. Burapha Univ.). Prachuap Khiri Khan. HUAI YANG WATERFALL NATIONAL PARK: 11°39’ N 99°34’ E, Sukkharak & Suksai 4866 (Hb. Burapha Univ.). Nakhon Si Thammarat. KHAO LUANG: 8°30’ N 99°45’ E, Touw 11715 (BCU, BKF), 11802 ( BKF).— KHAO NAN: Khao Nan Yai, Sukkharak 215 ( BCU) ; 8°88’ N 99°69’ E, Sukkharak 461, 503 ( BCU) ; San Yen , 8°75’ N 99°52’ E, Sukkharak & Seelanan 48 ( BCU) ; 8°74’ N 99°53’ E, Sukkharak & Seelanan 113, 114 ( BCU). Phatthalung. KHAO JED YOD: 9°17’ N 99°54’ E, Sukkharak 4989, 5114, 5115, 5116, 5117 (Hb. Burapha Univ.).— KHAO SA: 7°12’ N 99°59’ E, Sukkharak 5118, 5519 (Hb. Burapha Univ.) .

Additional distribution in Thailand:— Nakhon Ratchasima. KHAO KHEW: HSS 11671 ( Hattori & Mizutani 1969) Tixier 350, 392, 395, 442, 448 ( Tixier 1973). Loei. PHU LUANG: Touw 10661 ( Kitagawa 1979). Nakhon Si Thammarat. KHAO LUANG: Touw 11652 ( Kitagawa 1979), Tagawa & Kitagawa T5215 (G) ( Thiers 1993).

Distribution:— Saint Helena, São Tomé and Príncipe, Tanzania, Seychelles, Madagascar, Réunion, Republic of Mauritius, China, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Phillipines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Republic of Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, The French overseas collectivities ( Thiers 1993, Wigginton 2009).

Taxonomic notes:— Pleurozia gigantea is the most widespread and abundant species as well as extremely variable in shape and size ( Thiers 1993). The collections found in Thailand are characterized by (1) dominant saccate-lobuled leaves on main stem, (2) presence of appendages with two triangular teeth on the keel of the dorsal lobule, and (3) laciniate gynoecial bract margins.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Pleurozia acinosa. A. Branch with saccate-lobuled leaves, dorsal view. B. Branch with saccate-lobuled leaves, ventral view. C. Saccate-lobuled leaves. D. Branch with simple leaves and gynoecium, dorsal view. E. Branch with simple leaves and gynoecium, ventral view. F. Simple leaves. [All from Touw 11765 (BKF)].

FIGURE 2. Pleurozia acinosa. A. Branch with sterile gynoecia, dorsal view. B. Branch with sterile gynoecia, ventral view. C. Bract of sterile perianth. D. Sterile perianth, dorsal view. E. Sterile perianth, ventral view. [All from Touw 11765 (BKF)].

FIGURE 3. Pleurozia acinosa. A. Bract of fertile perianth. B. Fertile perianth, dorsal view. C. Fertile perianth, ventral view. D. Apical cells of ventral lobe. E. Marginal cells of ventral lobe. F. Median cells of ventral lobe. G. Basal cells of ventral lobe. [All from Touw 11765 (BKF)].

FIGURE 4. Pleurozia subinflata. A. Branch with explanate-lobuled leaves, dorsal view: a = appendage.B. Branch with explanate-lobuled leaves, ventral view. C. Explanate-lobuled leaves: a = appendage. [All from Chantanaorrapint & Inuthai 316 (PSU)].

FIGURE 5. Pleurozia subinflata. A. Branch with saccate-lobuled leaves, dorsal view. B. Branch with saccate-lobuled leaves, ventral view. C. Saccate-lobuled leaves: a = appendage. D. Branch with sterile gynoecia, dorsal view. E. Branch with sterile gynoecia, ventral view. F. Simple leaves. [All from Chantanaorrapint & Inuthai 316 (PSU)].

FIGURE 6. Pleurozia subinflata. A. Fertile gynoecium, dorsal view. B. Fertile gynoecium, ventral view. C. Bract of fertile perianth, dorsal view. D. Bract of fertile perianth, ventral view. E. Fertile perianth, dorsal view. F. Fertile perianth, ventral view. G. Stertile gynoecium, dorsal view. H. Stertile gynoecium, ventral view. I. Bract of sterile perianth, dorsal view. J. Bract of sterile perianth, ventral view. K. Stertile perianth, dorsal view. L. Stertile perianth, ventral view [All from Chantanaorrapint & Inuthai 316 (PSU)].

FIGURE 7. Pleurozia subinflata. A. Apical cells of ventral lobe. B. Appendage of keel of dorsal lobule. C. Marginal cells of ventral lobe. D. Median cells of ventral lobe. E. Basal cells of ventral lobe. [All from Chantanaorrapint & Inuthai 316 (PSU)].

FIGURE 8. Pleurozia gigantea. A. Branch with saccate-lobuled leaves and fertile perianth, dorsal view: a = appendage. B. Branch with saccate-lobuled leaves and fertile perianth, ventral view. C. Saccate-lobuled leaves: a = appendage. D. Dorsal lobules of saccate-lobuled leaves: a = appendage. E. Branch with simple leaves, dorsal view. F. Branch with simple leaves, ventral view. G. Simple leaves. [All from Na-thalang 62 (BCU)].

FIGURE 9. Pleurozia gigantea. A. Fertile gynoecium, dorsal view. B. Fertile gynoecium, ventral view. C. Bract of fertile perianth, dorsal view. D. Bract of fertile perianth, ventral view. E. Fertile perianth, dorsal view. F. Fertile perianth, ventral view. G. Stertile gynoecium, dorsal view. H. Stertile gynoecium, ventral view. I. Bract of sterile perianth, dorsal view. J. Bract of sterile perianth, ventral view. K. Stertile perianth, dorsal view. L. Stertile perianth, ventral view. [All from Na-thalang 62 (BCU)].

FIGURE 10. Pleurozia gigantea. A. Apical cells of ventral lobe. B. Appendage of keel of dorsal lobule. C. Marginal cells of ventral lobe. D. Median cells of ventral lobe. E. Basal cells of ventral lobe. [All from Na-thalang 62 (BCU)].