Symphylella macrochaeta Jin & Bu, 2023
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1138.96424 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B3E1F9F6-368F-476F-9A03-E2C35736BBFD |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EDC04E98-38F3-43BD-A6F0-927F77D4A12C |
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taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:EDC04E98-38F3-43BD-A6F0-927F77D4A12C |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Symphylella macrochaeta Jin & Bu |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Symphylella macrochaeta Jin & Bu sp. nov.
Figs 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3
Diagnosis.
Symphylella macrochaeta sp. nov. is characterized by 10 extremely long macrosetae arranged as 4/4/2 on the frons, 4+4 setae on the first tergite and broad triangular processes on tergites.
Material examined.
Holotype: female (slide no. ZJ-ZS-SY2020029) (SNHM), China, Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan City, Changgang Mountain Forest Park , extracted from soil samples of broad-leaf forest, alt. 250 m, 30°2'N, 121°7'E, 17-XI-2020, coll. Y. L. Jin et al. GoogleMaps
Paratypes: 10 females (slides no. ZJ-ZS-SY2020006, ZJ-ZS-SY2020008, ZJ-ZS-SY2020014-ZJ-ZS-SY2020016, ZJ-ZS-SY2020024-ZJ-ZS-SY2020028) (SNHM), same data as holotype GoogleMaps . 2 females (slides no. SH-JZGY-SY2017032, SH-JZGY-SY2017034), China, Shanghai, Jiuzi Park , extracted from soil and litter samples of bamboo forest, alt. 14 m, 31°15'N, 121°28'E, 25-V-2017, coll. Y. L. Jin. GoogleMaps
Non-type specimens: 18 juveniles with 7-10 pairs of legs, same data as holotype GoogleMaps ; 5 juveniles with 9 or 10 pairs of legs, China, Shanghai, Jiuzi Park , extracted from soil and litter samples of bamboo forest, alt. 14 m, 31°15'N, 121°28'E, 25-V-2017, coll. Y. L. Jin GoogleMaps ; 1 juvenile with 10 pairs of legs, China, Shanghai, Tianma Mountain , extracted from soil samples of bamboo forest, alt. 98 m, 31°5'N, 121°9'E, 10-V-2017, coll. Y. Bu. GoogleMaps
Description.
Adult body 2.1 mm long in average (1.9-2.2 mm, n = 11), holotype 2.1 mm (Fig. 1A View Figure 1 ).
Head length 250-280 μm, width 223-265 μm, with widest part on equal level of points of articulation of mandibles. Central rod distinct in both anterior (65-70 μm) and posterior (75-85 μm) parts, with an obvious middle node-like interruption. Head dorsally covered with setae of different lengths (Fig. 1B View Figure 1 ). Frons with 5+5 lateral setae, 10 extremely long macrosetae (58-73 μm) arranged as 4/4/2 (counted from anterior row to posterior row) and 4-5.6 times as long as antero-central seta (a0) (Fig. 3H View Figure 3 ), and 20-21 short to medium-length setae (8-16 μm) (Figs 1B View Figure 1 , 3H View Figure 3 ). Cuticle on anterolateral part of head with coarse granules (Fig. 1B View Figure 1 ).
Tömösváry organ globular, diameter 15-20 μm, about half of greatest diameter of third antennomere (35-40 μm), opening round (9-12 μm), inner margins of opening covered with regular vertical striae (Fig. 1E View Figure 1 ).
Mouthparts. Mandible composed by pars incisivus (pi) and pars molaris (pm), with movable appendage lacinia mobilis (lm) inserted between them. Pars incisivus with 4 distinct thick teeth, pars molaris with 4 smaller teeth and 2 proximal spines, and lacinia mobilis with only 1 blunt process observed from lateral view (Fig. 3A View Figure 3 ). First maxilla has 2 lobes, inner lobe with 6 hook-shaped teeth and pubescent apically, palp pointed (Fig. 3B View Figure 3 ). Anterior part of second maxilla with many small protuberances, each carrying 1 seta, distal setae thicker and spiniform; posterior part with sparse setae. Cuticle of second maxilla covered with dense pubescence.
Antennae with 16-20 antennomeres (18 in holotype), about 0.2 of body length. First antennomere cylindrical, length about 0.5-0.8 of greatest diameter (width 33-40 μm, length 18-25 μm), with 6 or 7 setae in 1 whorl, longest inner seta 16-18 μm (Fig. 3C View Figure 3 ). Second antennomere wider (35-38 μm) than long (27-33 μm), with 8 setae evenly inserted around antennal wall with interior setae (15 μm) slightly longer than exterior ones (11 μm) (Fig. 3C View Figure 3 ). Chaetotaxy of third antennomere similar to preceding ones. Setae on proximal antennomeres longer and on distal antennomeres shorter. Proximal antennomeres with only primary whorl of setae (Fig. 3C View Figure 3 ). Secondary whorl appearing ventrally on antennomeres 6-8. Four kinds of sensory organs observed on antenna: rudimentary spined sensory organs (rso) on dorsal side of most antennomeres (Fig. 3C, D View Figure 3 ); spined sensory organs (so) with more surrounding spines and larger than rso, only present on apical antennomere (Fig. 3D, E View Figure 3 ); cavity-shaped organs (co) on antennomeres 6 and 7 next to subapical one (Fig. 3D View Figure 3 ); bladder-shaped organs (bo) on antennomeres 9-11 next to subapical one increasing in number on subdistal antennomeres to 15 in maximum (Fig. 3D, E View Figure 3 ). Apical antennomere subspherical, with its length as long as width (28-30 μm), with 5 spined sensory organs consisting of 3 or 4 curved spines around a central pillar and 12-16 setae located distally (Fig. 3D, E View Figure 3 ). All antennomeres covered with short pubescence. Chaetotaxy and sensory organs on antennae of holotype are given in Table 1 View Table 1 .
Trunk with 17 tergites. Tergites 2-13, and 15 each with 1 pair of triangular processes. Length from base to tip of processes somewhat shorter than or same as its basal width; basal distance between processes longer than their length from base to tip except on tergites 2 and 3 (Table 3 View Table 3 ). All processes with roundish swollen ends (Figs 1C View Figure 1 , 2A-D View Figure 2 ). Definition of chaetotaxy on tergite as follow: anterolateral setae (als) located on anterolateral angle of each tergite; apical seta (as) most close to process apex; lateromarginl setae (lms) located on lateral margin of process and including als and as; inner basal setae (ibs) located on inner base of process; inserted setae (is) present between ibs and as; central setae (cs) present between base of processes; other setae including all setae except above nominated ones (Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ). Anterolateral setae of tergites 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 11 and 12 slightly shorter than length of process of same tergite, that of tergites 4, 7, 10, 13 and 15 subequal or slightly longer than length of process of same tergite. Processes with 1 or 2 inserted setae. All tergites pubescent (Fig. 2A-D View Figure 2 ).
Tergites. Tergite 1 reduced, with 4+4 setae of different length (Fig. 1G View Figure 1 ). Tergite 2 complete, with 2 broad triangular posterior processes, 6 or 7 lateromarginal setae, 1 or 2 inserted setae, 1 or 2 central setae (Table 2 View Table 2 ), with anterolateral setae 0.8-0.9 time as long as length of process, length of processes 0.8-1.0 time as long as broad, basal distance between processes 0.6-0.9 time as long as their length (Figs 1C View Figure 1 , 2A View Figure 2 ). Tergite 3 complete, broader and longer than preceding one, with ratios of 0.7-0.9, 0.8-1.0, and 0.6-0.9 respectively, 8-10 lateromarginal setae, 1 or 2 inserted setae, 1-3 central setae (Figs 1C View Figure 1 , 2B View Figure 2 ). Tergite 4 broader than tergite 3, with ratios 1-1.3, 0.6-0.7, and 1.3-2.5 respectively, 5-7 lateromarginal setae (Fig. 2C View Figure 2 ). Chaetotaxy of tergites 5-7, 8-10, and 11-13 similar as tergites 2-4 (Fig. 2D View Figure 2 ). Pattern of alternating tergite lengths of 2 short-tergites followed by long-tergite only disrupted at caudal end (Table 3 View Table 3 ). Tergites 14 and 16 without processes and with 17-26 and 12-17 setae respectively (Fig. 1D View Figure 1 ). Tergite 17 with 27-38 setae. Chaetotaxy and measurements of tergites are given in Tables 2 View Table 2 and 3 View Table 3 .
Legs. First pair of legs reduced to 2 small hairy cupules, each with 1 long seta (9-10 μm) (Fig. 1F View Figure 1 ). Basal areas of legs 2-12 each with 3-8 setae (Fig. 1H View Figure 1 ). Leg 12 0.8-0.9 time as long as length of head (Fig. 3I View Figure 3 ), trochanter 1.1-1.2 times as long as wide (50-75 μm, 41-67 μm), with 7 setae; femur almost as long as wide (35-40 μm, 30-40 μm), with 5 setae and dorsal protruding longest setae (18-25 μm) about 0.6 time of greatest diameter of podomere; tibia nearly1.6-1.9 times longer than wide (45-55 μm, 25-30 μm), with 5 dorsal setae: 3 straight and protruding, 2 slightly curved and depressed, longest setae 0.7-1.0 of greatest diameter of tibia, 2 ventral setae distinctly shorter than dorsal ones; tarsus cylindrical, about 3-4.3 times as long as wide (58-75 μm, 16-19 μm) with 6 dorsal setae: 3 or 4 straight and protruding, others curved and depressed, longest setae (15-22 μm) same with greatest width of podomere, 1 ventral seta close to claw distinctly shorter than dorsal ones. Claws curved, anterior one somewhat broader than posterior one, posterior one more curved than former. Trochanter and femur with cuticular thickenings in pattern of large scales laterally (Fig. 3I View Figure 3 ). All legs covered with dense pubescence except areas with cuticular thickenings.
Coxal sacs present at bases of legs 3-9, fully developed, each with 4 or 5 setae on surface (Fig. 1H View Figure 1 ). Corresponding area of leg 2, 10, 11, and 12 replaced by 2-4 setae respectively.
Styli present at base of legs 3-12, slender (length 6-9 μm, width 4-6 μm), basal part with dense straight hairs; distal quarter hairless and with blunt apex (3-5 μm) (Fig. 1H View Figure 1 ).
Sense calicles located on 2 ventral protuberances of last tergite, posterior to base of leg 12, with smooth margin around pit. Sensory seta inserted in cup center, extremely long (110-140 μm).
Cerci about 0.5-0.6 of head length, 2.5-3 times as long as its greatest width (125-170 μm, 50-63 μm), densely covered with 75-90 subequal setae (Figs 1I-J View Figure 1 , 3F-G View Figure 3 ). Two types of setae inserted on cercus: 7 and 8 long and erect setae located in outer side, and others slightly curved and depressed. Longest outer seta (25-30 μm) 0.4-0.6 of greatest width of cerci (Figs 1J View Figure 1 , 3F-G View Figure 3 ), terminal area short (25-30 μm), circled by 9 layers of curved ridges. Terminal setae (25-32 μm) almost as long as terminal area (Figs 1I View Figure 1 , 3F-G View Figure 3 ).
Etymology.
From the Greek words “macro” meaning “large” and “chaeta” meaning “seta”. The species name " Symphylella macrochaeta " is feminine and refers to extremely long setae on the frons.
Distribution.
China (Shanghai, Zhejiang).
Remarks.
Symphylella macrochaeta sp. nov. has 10 extremely long macrosetae on the frons, which can distinguish it from all other congeners. It is similar to S. communa from East China and S. asiatica Scheller, 1971 from India and Sri Lanka in the shapes of the central rod, tergites, and leg 12, but the new species differs in the chaetotaxy of the first tergite (4+4 setae in S. macrochaeta sp. nov. and S. communa vs 3+3 setae in S. asiatica ) and in the shape of stylus (slender in S. macrochaeta sp. nov. vs subconical in S. communa and conical in S. asiatica ). The new species can also be compared to S. macropora from Tibet in the shape of tergites and processes, but it can be easily separated by the shape and the size of the opening of the Tömösváry organ (moderate and round in S. macrochaeta sp. nov. vs large and elongate in S. macropora ).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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