Enicospilus capensis (Thunberg, 1824)*

Shimizu, So, 2020, The Nepalese species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae): a preliminary revision and identification key to species, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 67 (1), pp. 69-126 : 69

Enicospilus capensis (Thunberg, 1824)* Fig. 7

Ichneumon capensis Thunberg 1824: 262; holotype ♀, South Africa, ZIUU.

Ophion lativertex Taschenberg 1875: 435; holotype ♀, Java, FZLU; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 385).

Ophion antankarus Saussure 1892: 15; type ♂, Madagascar, MNHN; synonymised by Townes and Townes (1973: 174).

Henicospilus montinus Enderlein 1921: 21; holotype ♀, Java, IZPAN; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 385).

Henicospilus praedator Enderlein 1921: 28; holotype ♀, Madagascar, IZPAN; synonymised by Townes and Townes (1973: 175).

Henicospilus incarinatus Enderlein 1921: 30; holotype ♂, Madagascar, IZPAN; synonymised by Townes and Townes (1973: 175).

Henicospilus euxoae Wilkinson 1928: 261; holotype ♀, Zimbabwe, NHMUK, examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1978: 143).

Enicospilus obnoxius Seyrig 1935: 75; lectotype ♀, Kenya, MNHN, designated by Townes and Townes (1973: 18); synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1978: 143).

Henicospilus yanagiharai Sonan 1940: 371; holotype ♂, Ryûkyû Island, TARI, examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 385).

Enicospilus selvaraji Rao and Kurian 1950: 174, 178, 180, 188; nomen nudum.

Enicospilus selvaraji Rao and Kurian 1951: 68; holotype ♀, India, ZSI; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 385).

Enicospilus fossatus Chiu 1954: 63; holotype ♀, Malaysia, TARI, examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 385).

Enicospilus indica Rao and Grover 1960: 280; holotype ♀, India, MUC, destroyed (cf. Gauld and Mitchell 1981: 385); synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 385).

Material examined.

66♀♀ 43♂♂ and 3 unsexed: Nepal (1♀) , India (57♀♀ 41♂♂) , Japan (1♂) , Kenya (2♀♀ 1♂ and 1 unsexed), Madagascar (1♀ and 1 unsexed), Malaysia (1♀) , Saudi Arabia (1 unsexed), South Africa (1♀) , Uganda (2♀♀) , Zimbabwe (1♀) .

Type series: holotype of Henicospilus yanagiharai Sonan , 1940, ♂, Kitadaitô-jima, Okinawa Pref., Ryûkyûs, Japan, 18.III.1939, M. Yanagihara leg. ( TARI) ; holotype of Enicospilus fossatus Chiu , 1954, ♀, Jahore, Malaysia, 1.X.1916, J. Sonan leg. ( TARI) ; holotype of Henicospilus euxoae Wilkinson , 1928, ♀, Salisbury, Zimbabwe, 31.XII.1927, J.I. Roberts leg. (from Euxoa ) ( NHMUK, Type 3b.1289) .

Non-type series: 1♀, Chitwan (200 m), Terai , Nepal, 12-13.III.1983. M.G. Allen leg. (Fig. 7 ) ; 1♀ 5♂♂, Coimbatore, India, III-IV.1935, P.S. Nathan leg. ; 55♀♀ 36♂♂, Andhra Pradesh, Patancheru , India, I (26♀♀ 19♂♂), II (1♂), VII (1♀), IX (1♀), X (2♀♀), XI (7♀♀ 4♂♂), XII (18♀♀ 12♂♂).1980, Bhatnagar leg. (LT) (all NHMUK) ; 1♀, Agra , India, IX.1955, V.K. Gupta leg. ( EMUS) ; 1 unsexed, Asir, Suda , Saudi Arabia, 5.VII.1962, G. Popoy leg. ; 1 unsexed, Bekily , Madagascar, VIII.1933, A. Seyrig leg. ; 1♀, Madagascar, XII.1920, A. Seyrig leg. ; 2♀♀, Ruwenzori Range, Ibanda, Uganda, 20-21.VIII (1♀), 4-12.IX (1♀).1952, D.S. Fletcher leg. ; 1♂, Nairobi , Kenya, 10-12.XII.1952, C.G.M. de Worms leg. ; 1♀, Kenya ; 1♀ and 1 unsexed, Kabete , Kenya, III.1929, H.E. Box leg. (all NHMUK) ; 1♀, Grahamstown , South Africa, 10-12.III.1971, F. Gess leg. ( CNC).

Distribution.

Afrotropical, Australasian, Oceanic, and Oriental regions ( Yu et al. 2016). Newly recorded from Nepal.

Diagnosis.

Head (Fig. 7B-D ): GOI = 1.5-2.0; lower face 0.8-1.0 × as wide as high; clypeus rather strongly convex in profile, its lower margin impressed; mandible weakly twisted by 10-20°, long, proximally tapered and distally parallel sided, its outer surface with a diagonal setose groove between its dorsoproximal corner and base of mandibular apical teeth; upper mandibular tooth 2.5-3.0 × as long as lower one; posterior ocellus separated from eye by 0.1-0.2 × its own maximum diameter; antenna with 44-66 flagellomeres and 20th flagellomere 1.6-2.0 × as long as wide.

Mesosoma (Fig. 7E ): mesopleuron densely punctate, submatt to matt; scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae reaching posterior end and convergent posteriorly; metapleuron densely punctate, submatt to matt; propodeum declivous, its posterior area moderately reticulate, outer margin of propodeal spiracle not joining pleural carina by a ridge.

Wings (Fig. 7F ): fore wing with AI = 0.4-0.8, CI = 0.3-0.6, ICI = 0.4-0.6, SDI = 1.3-1.5; fore wing vein 1m-cu&M slightly sinuous, 2r&RS almost straight; fenestra and sclerites of discosubmarginal cell of fore wing as in Figure 7F ; fenestra of fore wing not long and its anterodistal corner distinctly separated from proximal end of vein RS; proximal sclerite triangular, not confluent with distal one, strongly pigmented; central sclerite rather weakly to strongly pigmented and sclerotised, and ill-delineated oval to semicircular, positioned in antero- to mediodistal part of the fenestra; distal sclerite absent proximally and strong distally; proximal corner of marginal cell of fore wing approximately uniformly setose; vein 1cu-a subinterstitial to antefurcal to M&RS by less than 0.3 × 1cu-a length.

Colour (Fig. 7 ): body including interocellar area entirely yellow- to red-brown; wings hyaline.

Differential diagnosis.

Enicospilus capensis is most similar to E. insularis and distinguished from it by the not clearly delineated central sclerite (Fig. 7F ) (well delineated in E. insularis ), but diagnostic characters for these species are not strongly supported and need more study. Enicospilus capensis also more or less resembles E. ramidulus , but distinguished from it by the densely punctate and submatt to matt meso- and metapleurae (Fig. 7E ) (meso- and metapleurae moderately punctate and never submatt to matt in E. ramidulus ).

Figures

Figure 7. Enicospilus capensis (Thunberg, 1822), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing.