Acalypha indica L.
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a26 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10672161 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C00D879E-FF90-5313-239B-FACE890AFE90 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Acalypha indica L. |
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21. Acalypha indica L. View in CoL
Species Plantarum 2: 1003 ( Linnaeus 1753). — Type: India. s.l., s.d., Herb. Hermann 3: 2, 434. (lecto-, designated by Radcliffe-Smith [1986: 65]: BM[BM000621782]; isolecto-, BM[BM000621236]).
ICONOGRAPHY. — Rheede tot Drakestein (1692: t. 81); Anonymous (1694 -1718: t. 215); Kirtikar & Basu (1918: t. 874); Fig. 46A. View FIG
ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet refers to India, the locality of the type collection.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Acalypha indica is widely distributed in the Paleotropics and introduced in the Americas ( Cardiel et al. 2023 in press); it probably is introduced in Madagascar (Diana, Analamanga, and Ihorombe), the Comoros Archipelago (Anjouan, Moheli and Mayotte), the Mascarene Islands ( Mauritius and La Réunion), the Seychelles (Inner and Outer islands), and the Scattered Islands (Glorioso Islands). It is a weedy species associated with cultivated areas, paths, and beaches. Altitudinal range sea level to 450 m ( Fig. 37 View FIG ).
PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — Acalypha indica is widely distributed in the Paleotropics; it has a large EOO and AOO, exceeding the threshold of any threat category. Therefore, we assess A. indica as Least Concern (LC).
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 94 collections. Comoros Archipelago: Barthelat, F. 113 (K, G, MAO, MO[MO-2966222], P[P00229090]), 170 (G, K, MAO, MO[MO-2966225], P[P00229156]); Boivin, L.H. s.n. (P[P00196285]), s.n. (P[P00196286]), s.n. (P[P00196287]); D’Arcy, W.G. 17553 ( MO [MO-2966220]); Floret, J.J. 1196 (P[P00184951]), 1197 (P[P00184952]); Hildebrandt, J.M. 1660 (P[P00196289]); Hoffmann, P. 413 (K, MAO, MO[MO-2966227], P[P00538301], TAN); Labat, J.-N. 3314 (P[P00209769]); Lartigau, C. 19 (P[P00246081]); Pignal, M. 1075 (P[P00157183]); Pobéguin, C.H.O. 14 (P[P00196234, P00196235]); Rakotozafy, A. 1194 (P[P05547071]); Rouhan, G. 33 (P[P00205950]); Waterlot, M. 884 (P[P00196290]).
Madagascar. Bosser, M.J. 13231 (P[P04779813]); d’Alleizette, Ch. 1240 M (P[P00508397]); Debray, M.M. 1584-D (P[P04779834, P04779835]); Hildebrandt, J.M. 2915 ( BREM [BREM_0001791], G, L[L0241703], P[P00508393, P00508394, P00508395, P00508396]); Humblot, L. 18 (P[P00508392]); Perrier de la Bâthie, H. 9592 (P[P00508391]); Pervillé, A. 729 (P[P00508390]); Rotereau, L. s.n. (P[P05510099]); Viguier, R. 104 (P[P00508389, P05481896]).
Mauritius. Anonymous s.n. (G[G00324726]); Ayres, P. 62 (K); Bonnay, M. s.n. (P[P04779496]); Bouton, L. 22 (P[P04779493]); s.n. (G[G00324716]), s.n. (G[G00324720]); Commerson, P. 649 (L[L0241705]), 651 (P[P04779489]); Coode, M.J.E. 4423 (K); Cowper, S.G. 59 (K); Guého, J. 17350 (K); Hering? s.n. (P[P04779502]); Jussieu, A. s.n. (P[P04779495]); Lorence, D. 1339 ( MO [MO-2966226]). La Réunion. Anonymous s.n. (P[P04779504]); Boivin, L.H. 1389 (P[P04779494]); Bosser, M.J. 9389 (P[P04779491, P04779492]); Commerson, P.s.n. (P[P04779488]); Desvaux, A.N. 10 (P[P04779503]); du Petit-Thouars, L.M.A. s.n. (P[P04779499]), s.n. (P[P04779500]); Friedmann, F. 1585 (P[P04779501]); Richard, M. 667 ( GH, P[P04779498]), s.n. (P[P04779490]), s.n. (P[P04779497]).
Scattered Islands. Frazier, J. 105 ( US [ US 01287375]).
Seychelles. Alluaud, R. s.n. ( GH, P[P04779487]); Anonymous s.n. (P[P04779486]); Blackmore, S.B. 77407 (K); Brunet 035 (K); Cherbonnier s.n. (P[P04779829]); Fosberg, F.R. 48688 ( GH [GH01097240], MO[MO-2966229], NY[NY3091187], US[US01287383]), 49844 ( MO [MO-2966224]), 52070 ( MO [MO-2966230], US[US01287382]); Frazier, J. 30 (K), 513 ( US [US01287374]), 802 ( US [US01287373]); Friedmann, F. 3545 (P[P00887492]), 4673 (P[P00887491]); Gardiner, J.S. 9 (K), 27 (K), 143 (K); Gwynne 874 (K); Hebert, H. I. 103 ( GH [GH01097241]); Horne, J. 312 (K); Jeffrey, C. 709 (L[L0241693], NY, P[P00887490]); Lombat, M. 408 (K); Procter, J. 4045 (K), 4224 (K), 4322 (K), 4347 (K); Renvoize, S. A. 721 ( BR [BR0000014627996], L[L0241691], P[P05481874]), 1151 ( BR [BR0000014628009], P[P05481873]), 1155 ( BR [BR0000014624612], L[L0241251, L0241252]); Robertson, S.A. 2443 ( MO [MO-2966228], PRE, US[US01287372], WAG[WAG.1931643]), 2494 (K), 2716 (K), 3044 (K); 3146 (K); Rotereau, L. s.n. (P[P05510098]); Stodd, D.R. 1382 (K), 1459 (K); Stoddart, D.R. 7082 ( MO [MO-2966221], NY[NY3091188]); Wood, D. 1452 (K), 1469 (K); Wright, P.A. 16 (K), 25 (K).
REFERENCES. — Bojer (1837: 285); Baillon (1861: 274); Müller Argoviensis (1865: 42; 1866: 868); Baker (1877: 314); Müller Argoviensis (1882: 27); Baillon (1895b: 1197); Cordemoy (1895: 342); Palacký (1907: 25); Voeltzkow (1917: 447); Hemsley (1919: 148); Pax & Hoffmann (1924: 33); Leandri (1935: 43); Leandri (1942: 256); Renvoize (1975: 152); Coode (1982: 69, 78); Robertson (1989: 200); Govaerts et al. (2000: 68); Sagun et al. (2006: 124); Montero Muñoz et al. (2018a: 99).
DESCRIPTION
Annual herbs, to 0.6(-0.8) m tall, monoecious. Branches tomentose to laxly pubescent with simple, curved trichomes, sometimes also with sparse short, subsessile,glandular trichomes, glabrescent when mature. Axillary buds naked, pubescent with simple, short, appressed trichomes. Stipules to 1 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, margin hispidulous-ciliate and with some sessile glands. Petioles slender, (1.5-) 2.5-6.5 cm long, indumentum similar to that on young branches. Leaf blades (1.5-)2-4(-6) × (1-)1.5-3(-3.5) cm, usually broadly ovate-lanceolate, sometimes spathulate or subrhombic, membranous; base cuneate; apex acute to subacuminate; margin entire toward base, serrate above, teeth subacute, callose-edged; upper surface subglabrous, with simple, short, appressed trichomes on veins; lower surface laxly pubescent to subglabrous; venation actinodromous, basal veins 3 or 5, secondary veins 4-5 per side. Stipels absent. Inflorescences spiciform, androgynous, axillary, to 9 cm long, mostly female with short male segment; peduncle to 10 mm long, pubescent with simple trichomes, sometimes also with some subsessile glandular trichomes. Female segment laxly flowered, to 8 cm long; bracts 7-9, sessile, enlarging in fruit to 8 × 12 mm, reniform, sparsely hairy with simple, curved trichomes; margin crenate-denticulate, teeth 8-9, broadly triangular, central tooth not prominent; bracteoles absent. Male segment persistent, to 1.5 cm long; flowers glomerate; bracts to 0.8 mm long, elliptic-lanceolate, sparsely hairy. Male flowers: pedicel to 0.5 mm long, sparsely hairy;buds 0.5 mm diameter, sparsely hairy. Female flowers 1 per bract, sessile; sepals 3, to 0.5 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, ciliate; ovary c. 0.5 mm diameter, 3-lobed, smooth, surface pubescent; styles 3, to 4 mm long, distinct, glabrous, each divided into 1-2 segments. Allomorphic flowers sometimes present at inflorescence apex; pedicel filiform, to 5 mm long, sparsely hairy; sepals 3, to 0.5 mm long, lanceolate, ciliate; ovary 1-lobed, to 2 × 3 mm, pubescent, distally fimbriate; style 1, to 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Capsules to 2 mm diameter, smooth, surface pubescent. Seeds c. 1.5 × 1 mm, pyriform, minutely foveolate.
| MO |
Missouri Botanical Garden |
| BREM |
Übersee-Museum Bremen |
| GH |
Harvard University - Gray Herbarium |
| US |
University of Stellenbosch |
| BR |
Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection |
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