Syracosphaera origami (Cros and McGrane) Archontikis, Young, Cros, 2020

Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R. & Cros, Lluïsa, 2020, Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991, Acta Protozoologica 59, pp. 121-139 : 129-132

Species Syracosphaera origami (Cros and McGrane) Archontikis, Young, Cros comb. nov. HOL

Basionym: Anthosphaera origami Cros and McGrane 2014 J. Nannoplankton Res , vol. 34, p. 23– 25, Pl. 1, Figs. 1–4 .

Synonymy: Daktylethra aff. D. pirus (Kamptner) Bérard-Therriault et al. (1999) , p. 271, Pl. 132, Fig. a.

Anthosphaera sp. type A (very ornamented; sp. nov. origami ?) Cros (2001), p. 81, Pl. 57, Figs. 1–2 .

Anthosphaera sp. type A (origami art) Cros and For- tuño (2002), p.150, Fig. 88A; Young et al. (2003) p. 90.

Anthosphaera origami sp. nov. (nomen nudum) Cros (2004), p. 26, Fig. 1.

Anthosphaera periperforata (Kleijne) Dimiza (2006) , p. 82, Pl. XXVI, Fig. 5; Malinverno et al. (2008), p. 137, Fig. 110.

Anthosphaera origami sp. nov. McGrane (2007) (unpublished PhD thesis, invalid), p. 243, Pl. 25, Figs. 1 –6.

Description: Coccosphere, usually spherical, com- posed of c. 40–80 BCs and c. 5–10 CFCs, all ornament- ed. BCs elliptical with a two crystallites-width rim, which supports c. 10 robust radial struts of about three crystallites separated by large perforations. The perforate cycle supports a concave distal cover with a central triangular apical boss that is flattened parallel to the long axis of the coccolith. CFCs elliptical and their rim supports an ornamented arched process ending distally in c. 6 spine-like struts of crystallites and a central triangular apical spine. Within the arch, oblique buttress-like sets occur giving an ornamented appearance.

Dimensions: Coccosphere diameter c. 5 μm. BCs 1.0 μm–1.4 μm long x c. 0.8 μm wide. CFCs c. 1.0 μm wide with a distal process of c. 1.5 μm high.

Figures

Fig. 1. Map of the sampling locations, where Anthosphaera was observed.

Fig. 2. Schematic representation and terminology of Anthosphaera coccosphere and holococcolith types.

Plate 3. Scale bars = 1μm 1–2. Syracosphaera lafourcadii (Lecal) Archontikis, Young, Cros comb. nov. HOL Complete coccospheres composed of CFCs that bear low distal processes (see arrows) and BCs with distal covers made of irregularly ar- ranged crystallites. 3–4. Syracosphaera origami (Cros and McGrane) Archontikis, Young, Cros comb. nov. HOL Coccospheres with highly ornamented CFCs showing triangle-shaped distal processes (fig. 3, arrow) and BCs with an organic base-plate in proximal view (fig. 4, arrow a) and a rim that supports delicate struts of crystallites holding the origami-like paper boat distal covers (fig. 4, arrow b) in distal view.